The document describes a study that evaluated the impact of Roundup Ready maize production systems on non-target organisms (NTOs) over two years in Germany. The study used pitfall traps, yellow sticky traps, and visual assessments to sample arthropods across five treatment plots with different herbicide applications. Statistical analysis found several herbivore and predator taxa showed significant differences in numbers caught among the treatment plots, including Amara spp., Harpalus spp., Pterostichus spp., Staphylinidae, and spiders. Overall, the results indicate Roundup Ready maize production can impact some non-target arthropod populations.

1. Impact of Roundup Ready® maize
production system on NTO’s
“North Europe”

2. NTO’s Thomas Thieme (BTL)
Application, weed Sabine Kappes (Biovativ GmbH)
Soil characterisation Andre Schlichting (STZ Soil Biotechnology)
Sponsored by Monsanto
BTL
Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

3. Methods: Trial design
Test site
T5 T4 T3 T2 T1 N
T3 T5 T1 T4 T2
T4 T3 T2 T5 T1
T3 T1 T4 30m T2 T5
27m
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

4. Methods: Treatment schedule in 2007 and 2008
Treatment 1: seed MONUMENTAL
Herb Metusolam+Flufenacet (A) A Pre-emergence
Herb Bromoxynil (C)
Herb Iodosulfuron+Foramsulfuron (C) (2007-05-10, 2008-05-02)
Treatment 2: seed MONUMENTAL B V2-3
Herb Metolachlor+Terbutylazine (B)
Herb Mesotrione (B) (2007-05-23, 2008-05-27/29)
Herb Rimsulfuron (C)
Treatment 3: seed RR CORN C V6-8
Herb MON 78044 = Glyphosate (B)
Herb MON 78044 = Glyphosate (C) (2007-06-11, 2008-06-17)
Treatment 4: seed RR CORN
Herb MON 69447 = Acetochlor (B)
Herb MON 78044 = Glyphosate (B)
Herb MON 78044 = Glyphosate (C)
Treatment 5: seed RR CORN
Herb Metolachlor + Terbotylazine (B)
Herb Mesotrione (B)
Herb Rimsulfuron (C)
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

5. Methods: Sampling with pitfall traps (PT)
4 PT/plot; sampling dates: 2007 May-Sep, 9; 2008 May-Sep, 9
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

6. Methods: Sampling with yellow sticky traps (YST)
4 YST/plot; sampling dates: 2007 Jun-Oct, 8; 2008 May-Sep, 9
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

7. Methods: Visual assessments (VA)
15/20 stems/plot in 2007/2008; assessment dates: 2007 Jun-Oct, 9; 2008 May-Sep, 9
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

8. Number of NTO’s per treatment caught/observed
Sampling 2007 2008*
method T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T2 T3 T4 T5
PT 6868 5984 6599 6693 5597 7911 8332 8458 8847
YST 2693 2735 2409 2635 2974 1589 1724 1572 2010
VA 436 467 520 492 500 1660 12997 5933 1463
∑ 9997 9186 9528 9820 9071 11160 23053 15963 12320
Total/year 47602 62496
Total 110098
* The very first application (A) at pre-emergence failed, therefore the arthropods
in plots of T1 are not taken into consideration
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

9. Number of arthropod taxa in PT, YST and VA
Sampling Taxa in 2007 (n) Taxa in 2008 (n)
method Identified Sig. differences Identified Sig. differences
T2 T4 T2 T4
PT 132 11 124 5
YST 11 4 20 1
VA 11 3 17 4
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

10. Herbivores (H) and predators (P) caught 2007 and 2008 in PT
Taxa showing significant differences using ANOVA (AN) or Kruskal-Wallis (KW)
Taxon Test Sample T1 T2 T5 T3 T4
2007
H&P Amara spp. KW 8 a ab abc c bc
KW 9 ac b c ab abc
H Harpalus spp. KW 3 ab a a b a
H Harpalus affinis KW 3 a a a b a
P Anchomenus dorsalis AN 4 a a a b ab
AN 5 ab ab b ab a
P Bembidion spp. KW 7 a b ab b a
P Calathus fuscipes KW 6 ac b ab c ab
P Clivina fossor KW 9 ab ac ac b c
P Pterostichus spp. AN 4 ab a ab ab b
KW 9 a a ab b a
P Pterostichus melanarius AN 4 ab a ab ab b
KW 9 a a ab b a
H&P Staphylinidae AN 5 ab ab ab a b
KW 7 a a a a b
H&P Aleocharinae AN 5 ab ab ab a b
KW 7 a a a a b
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

11. Herbivores (H) and predators (P) caught 2007 and 2008 in PT
Taxa showing significant differences using ANOVA (AN) or Kruskal-Wallis (KW)
Taxon Test Sample T2 T5 T3 T4
2008
P Oedothorax spp. AN 2 a ab b ab
P Oedothorax apicatus AN 2 a ab b ab
P Oedothorax retusus AN 5 a b ab ab
P Calathus spp. KW 1 a a a b
P Trechus quadristriatus KW 3 a a b a
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

12. Predators in PT: Araneae
2007 2008
Appl 1
Appl 2
Appl 1
Appl 3
Appl 2
Appl 3 T1
80
Mean number of arthropods per trap
Mean number of arthropods per trap
50 T2
70 T3
T4
40 60 T5
50
30
40
20 30
20
10
10
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Days after sowing Days after sowing
03.05.
13.05.
23.05.
02.06.
12.06.
22.06.
02.07.
12.07.
22.07.
01.08.
11.08.
21.08.
31.08.
10.09.
30.04.
10.05.
20.05.
30.05.
09.06.
19.06.
29.06.
09.07.
19.07.
29.07.
08.08.
18.08.
28.08.
07.09.
T1 T2 T5 T3 T4
a a a a a
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

13. Predators in PT: Oedothorax apicatus (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
2007 2008
T1
Appl 1
Appl 2
Appl 3
Appl 1
Appl 2
Appl 3
35 50
T2
Mean number of arthropods per trap
Mean number of arthropods per trap
T3
30 T4
40
T5
25
30
20
15 20
10
10
5
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Days after sowing Days after sowing
03.05.
13.05.
23.05.
02.06.
12.06.
22.06.
02.07.
12.07.
22.07.
01.08.
11.08.
21.08.
31.08.
10.09.
30.04.
10.05.
20.05.
30.05.
09.06.
19.06.
29.06.
09.07.
19.07.
29.07.
08.08.
18.08.
28.08.
07.09.
T2 T5 T3 T4
a ab b ab
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

14. Predators in PT: Oedothorax retusus (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
2007 2008
Appl 1
Appl 2
Appl 3
3.5
T2
Mean number of arthropods per trap
3.0 T3
T4
2.5 T5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Days after sowing
30.04.
10.05.
20.05.
30.05.
09.06.
19.06.
29.06.
09.07.
19.07.
29.07.
08.08.
18.08.
28.08.
07.09.
T2 T5 T3 T4
a b ab ab
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15. Herbivores in PT: Amara spp. (Col.: Carabidae)
2007 2008
T1
Appl 1
Appl 2
Appl 1
Appl 3
Appl 2
8 Appl 3 5
T2
Mean number of arthropods per trap
T3
7
T4
4
6 T5
5 3
4
2
3
2
1
1
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Days after sowing Days after sowing
03.05.
13.05.
23.05.
02.06.
12.06.
22.06.
02.07.
12.07.
22.07.
01.08.
11.08.
21.08.
31.08.
10.09.
30.04.
10.05.
20.05.
30.05.
09.06.
19.06.
29.06.
09.07.
19.07.
29.07.
08.08.
18.08.
28.08.
07.09.
T1 T2 T5 T3 T4 T1 T2 T5 T3 T4
a ab abc c bc ac b c ab abc
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16. Predators in PT: Bembidion spp. (Col.: Carabidae)
2007 2008
T1
Appl 1
Appl 2
Appl 1
Appl 3
Appl 2
25 Appl 3 25
T2
Mean number of arthropods per trap
T3
T4
20 20 T5
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Days after sowing Days after sowing
03.05.
13.05.
23.05.
02.06.
12.06.
22.06.
02.07.
12.07.
22.07.
01.08.
11.08.
21.08.
31.08.
10.09.
30.04.
10.05.
20.05.
30.05.
09.06.
19.06.
29.06.
09.07.
19.07.
29.07.
08.08.
18.08.
28.08.
07.09.
T1 T2 T5 T3 T4
a b ab b a
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

17. Predators/Herbivores in PT: Aleocharinae (Col.: Staphylinidae)
2007 2008
T1
Appl 1
Appl 2
Appl 1
Appl 3
Appl 2
10 Appl 3 15.0
T2
Mean number of arthropods per trap
T3
12.5 T4
8 T5
10.0
6
7.5
4
5.0
2
2.5
0 0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Days after sowing Days after sowing
03.05.
13.05.
23.05.
02.06.
12.06.
22.06.
02.07.
12.07.
22.07.
01.08.
11.08.
21.08.
31.08.
10.09.
30.04.
10.05.
20.05.
30.05.
09.06.
19.06.
29.06.
09.07.
19.07.
29.07.
08.08.
18.08.
28.08.
07.09.
T1 T2 T5 T3 T4 T1 T2 T5 T3 T4
ab ab ab a b a a a a b
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

18. Herbivores (H) and predators (P) caught on YST
Taxa showing significant differences using ANOVA (AN) or Kruskal-Wallis (KW)
Taxon Test Sample T1 T2 T5 T3 T4
2007
H Miridae AN 5 a b b b b
H&P Syrphidae KW 4 a a a b ab
P Coccinellidae KW 2 a a b b a
P Propylea
KW 2 a a b ab a
quatuordecimpunctata
2008
H Auchenorrhyncha AN 2 a ab b ab
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19. Mean number of arthropods per trap
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
BTL
0
03.05.
13.05. Appl 1
23.05.
20
Appl 2
02.06.
12.06.
40
Appl 3
22.06.
02.07.
60
Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide
12.07.
22.07.
80
2007
01.08.
11.08.
100
Days after sowing
21.08.
31.08.
120
10.09.
20.09.
140
30.09.
10.10.
160
Mean number of arthropods per trap
0
3
6
9
12
15
0
30.04.
Appl 1
10.05.
20.05.
20
30.05. Appl 2
09.06.
40
19.06. Appl 3
29.06.
60
09.07.
2008
19.07.
80
29.07.
Days after sowing
T2 T5 T3 T4
a ab b ab
08.08.
100
18.08.
Herbivores in YST: Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera)
28.08.
120
07.09.
17.09.
140
T5
T4
T3
T2
T1
Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

20. Predators in YST: Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Col.:
Coccinellidae)
2007 2008
T1
Appl 1
Appl 1
Appl 2
Appl 3
Appl 2
Appl 3
10 3.0
T2
Mean number of arthropods per trap
Mean number of arthropods per trap
T3
2.5 T4
8 T5
2.0
6
1.5
4
1.0
2
0.5
0 0.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Days after sowing Days after sowing
03.05.
13.05.
23.05.
02.06.
12.06.
22.06.
02.07.
12.07.
22.07.
01.08.
11.08.
21.08.
31.08.
10.09.
20.09.
30.09.
10.10.
30.04.
10.05.
20.05.
30.05.
09.06.
19.06.
29.06.
09.07.
19.07.
29.07.
08.08.
18.08.
28.08.
07.09.
17.09.
T1 T2 T5 T3 T4
a a b ab a
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

21. Mean number of arthropods per trap
0
3
6
9
12
15
BTL
0
03.05.
13.05. Appl 1
23.05.
20
Appl 2
02.06.
12.06.
40
Appl 3
22.06.
02.07.
60
Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide
12.07.
22.07.
80
2007
01.08.
11.08.
100
Days after sowing
21.08.
31.08.
120
T1 T2 T5 T3 T4
a a a b ab
10.09.
20.09.
140
30.09.
10.10.
160
Mean number of arthropods per trap
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
30.04.
Appl 1
10.05.
20.05.
20
30.05. Appl 2
09.06.
40
19.06. Appl 3
29.06.
60
09.07.
2008
Predators in YST: Syrphidae (Diptera)
19.07.
80
29.07.
Days after sowing
08.08.
100
18.08.
28.08.
120
07.09.
17.09.
140
T5
T4
T3
T2
T1
Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

22. Do we have sufficient information if only the family is known?
Dipteranean families caught on colour traps during trials located in
Germany and The Netherlands
(natural enemies of pests on crop analyzed;
not associated with crop, but attracted by colour)
Species
Family Sum Episyrphus balteatus
… … Eupeodes corollae
Anthomyiidae 6929 Helophilus affinis
Cecidomyiidae 7424 Melanostoma mellinum
Chloropidae 7176 Sphaerophoria scripta
Drosophilidae 18395 Syrphus torvus
Phoridae 7506
Syrphus vitripennis
Sciaridae 11342
Trichopsomyia lucida
Syrphidae 6063
Eristalis abusiva
… …
Brachyopa pilosa
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

23. Herbivores (H) and predators (P) observed in VA
Taxa showing significant differences using ANOVA (AN) or Kruskal-Wallis (KW)
Taxon Test Sample T1 T2 T5 T3 T4
2007
H Miridae AN 3 a ab c bc bc
P Anthocoridae KW 3 a a b b ab
P Nabidae KW 2 a a a ab b
2008
H Aphididae KW 4 ac c b ab
H Aphis frangulae KW 4 a a b b
P Neuroptera KW 5 a b b b
P Chrysopidae KW 5 a b b b
P Anthocoridae AN 5 ab b a ab
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

24. Herbivores in VA: Aphididae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha)
2007 2008
Appl 1
Appl 2
Appl 3
350
T2
Mean number of arthropods per trap
300 T3
T4
T5
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Days after sowing
30.04.
10.05.
20.05.
30.05.
09.06.
19.06.
29.06.
09.07.
19.07.
29.07.
08.08.
18.08.
28.08.
07.09.
17.09.
T2 T5 T3 T4
ac c b ab
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

25. Predators in VA: Chrysopidae (Neuroptera)
2007 2008
T1
Appl 1
Appl 2
Appl 3
Appl 1
Appl 2
Appl 3
0.30 1.0
T2
Mean number of arthropods per trap
Mean number of arthropods per trap
T3
0.25 T4
0.8
T5
0.20
0.6
0.15
0.4
0.10
0.2
0.05
0.00 0.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Days after sowing Days after sowing
03.05.
13.05.
23.05.
02.06.
12.06.
22.06.
02.07.
12.07.
22.07.
01.08.
11.08.
21.08.
31.08.
10.09.
20.09.
30.09.
10.10.
30.04.
10.05.
20.05.
30.05.
09.06.
19.06.
29.06.
09.07.
19.07.
29.07.
08.08.
18.08.
28.08.
07.09.
17.09.
T2 T5 T3 T4
a b b b
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

26. Herbivores in VA: Aphididae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha)
Effect of weeds to the number of aphids observed during visual assessments
T4
T5
T5
T3
T3
T4
T3
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

27. Weed
Mean percentage coverage (± 95% confidence interval) for Total weed coverage
assessed along with and after application B in different treatments
2007 2008
20.0 30.0
Percentage total weed coverage
T1
T2 T2
T3 20.0 T3
T4 T4
10.0 T5
T5
10.0
0.0
0.0
-10.0 -10.0
7 29 0 19 42
Days after application B Days after application B
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Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010

28. Conclusion
The new method of controlling weeds using NK603 provided a delayed but
similar level of control and had no negative indirect effects on NTO's when
tested under field conditions.
BTL
Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide Roundup Ready® Maize: The European Perspective, Brussels, March 22-24, 2010