The document discusses herbicide resistance in weeds in Southern Europe. It notes that glyphosate resistance has been confirmed in several weed species found in perennial crops that rely solely on glyphosate for weed control. Resistance can be managed by using glyphosate at times when weeds are most susceptible, combining herbicides, and adding cultural practices. Mixtures of auxinic herbicides with glyphosate are effective on dicot weeds, but ALS and ACCase inhibitor mixtures require careful management due to their risk in resistance development.
Fall planted cover crops can help suppress glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in cotton. Cover crops reduced early season Palmer amaranth emergence from the soil seed bank compared to no cover crop. Postemergence Liberty-based herbicide systems combined with residual herbicides provided better Palmer amaranth control. Cotton yield was unaffected by cover crop or herbicide program. Using cover crops and aggressive herbicides together can help reduce Palmer amaranth pressure.
Principles of Sustainable Weed Management for CroplandsGardening
ATTRA is the national sustainable agriculture information service operated by the USDA. It is headquartered in Fayetteville, Arkansas with offices in Montana and California. The document discusses principles of sustainable weed management for crop lands, including using allelopathic cover crops like rye that release chemicals to inhibit weed growth. It also discusses using crop rotations, intercropping, and weed-free cropping designs to manage weeds proactively by addressing their root causes rather than reactively controlling them with tillage and herbicides. The focus is on managing croplands according to nature's principles to reduce weed problems over the long run.
1) A study analyzed the effects of glyphosate-resistant maize cultivation on weed diversity over 6 years across 3 sites in Germany with different herbicide treatments.
2) The results showed that weed diversity remained high, with treatment effects being less significant than differences between sites and years of maize monoculture.
3) Roundup Ready cultivation did not negatively impact weed diversity compared to local standard practices. Some weed species required high glyphosate dosages to control effectively.
This document discusses factors to consider when rotating between clethodim (Select) and butroxydim (Factor) herbicides for ryegrass control. It provides background on Group A herbicide mode of action and target site resistance. Resistance levels and mutations vary within and between paddocks. While clethodim and butroxydim resistance is due to target site mutations, higher rates can improve control, depending on the specific mutations. The document reviews resistance testing methods and outlines an integrated approach to managing resistant ryegrass in canola, including reducing seedbank, targeting younger weeds, and rotating modes of action.
Glyphosate resistance in weeds has been increasing worldwide since the 1990s. Many weed species have evolved resistance, including ryegrass, barnyard grass, and fleabane. Resistance has developed through intensive and prolonged glyphosate use with little rotation to other herbicides. Resistance is now reducing the efficacy of glyphosate. Improving spray coverage and adjusting rates can help manage resistance, as can rotating herbicides and integrating residual herbicides and mixtures. Resistance testing helps identify the level of resistance present.
This document discusses the evolution and management of herbicide resistant weeds. It notes that important resistant weeds in Iowa include pigweed, lambsquarter, waterhemp, cocklebur and foxtails. Waterhemp has developed resistance to multiple herbicide sites of action. Standard resistance management strategies include cleaning equipment, using diverse herbicides, and adding cultural practices like cover crops. Cultural practices like row spacing, planting date and variety selection can also help reduce weed densities. Integrated programs that combine herbicides and cultural tactics are needed to slow the evolution of resistance.
This document discusses glyphosate weed resistance and weed resistance management in Europe. It provides context on relevant European directives and country-specific policies regarding sustainable pesticide use and water quality. It defines key terms like herbicide resistance and tolerance. It also outlines stakes in re-positioning glyphosate uses in sustainable agronomic systems and helping customers justify its use given chemical restrictions. The document discusses factors that can lead to the evolution of glyphosate-resistant weeds like a lack of alternative control methods and sub-optimal application rates and timings. It also provides examples of glyphosate resistance reported in different countries and control recommendations for a specific weed species.
Glyphosate provided several agronomic benefits for conventional agricultural uses from 1975-2010:
1) Early uses from 1975-1985 helped reduce labor needs and control weeds that other herbicides struggled with.
2) Optimized applications from 1980-1995 expanded uses in larger areas and brought unintended benefits like faster harvests and reduced disease risks.
3) Lower prices from 1990-2005 due to generic competition led to higher usage intensities.
4) After 2005, stewardship needs increased with frequent use and fewer alternative herbicides, though glyphosate continued providing benefits through conservation tillage and compliance with regulations.
Fall planted cover crops can help suppress glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in cotton. Cover crops reduced early season Palmer amaranth emergence from the soil seed bank compared to no cover crop. Postemergence Liberty-based herbicide systems combined with residual herbicides provided better Palmer amaranth control. Cotton yield was unaffected by cover crop or herbicide program. Using cover crops and aggressive herbicides together can help reduce Palmer amaranth pressure.
Principles of Sustainable Weed Management for CroplandsGardening
ATTRA is the national sustainable agriculture information service operated by the USDA. It is headquartered in Fayetteville, Arkansas with offices in Montana and California. The document discusses principles of sustainable weed management for crop lands, including using allelopathic cover crops like rye that release chemicals to inhibit weed growth. It also discusses using crop rotations, intercropping, and weed-free cropping designs to manage weeds proactively by addressing their root causes rather than reactively controlling them with tillage and herbicides. The focus is on managing croplands according to nature's principles to reduce weed problems over the long run.
1) A study analyzed the effects of glyphosate-resistant maize cultivation on weed diversity over 6 years across 3 sites in Germany with different herbicide treatments.
2) The results showed that weed diversity remained high, with treatment effects being less significant than differences between sites and years of maize monoculture.
3) Roundup Ready cultivation did not negatively impact weed diversity compared to local standard practices. Some weed species required high glyphosate dosages to control effectively.
This document discusses factors to consider when rotating between clethodim (Select) and butroxydim (Factor) herbicides for ryegrass control. It provides background on Group A herbicide mode of action and target site resistance. Resistance levels and mutations vary within and between paddocks. While clethodim and butroxydim resistance is due to target site mutations, higher rates can improve control, depending on the specific mutations. The document reviews resistance testing methods and outlines an integrated approach to managing resistant ryegrass in canola, including reducing seedbank, targeting younger weeds, and rotating modes of action.
Glyphosate resistance in weeds has been increasing worldwide since the 1990s. Many weed species have evolved resistance, including ryegrass, barnyard grass, and fleabane. Resistance has developed through intensive and prolonged glyphosate use with little rotation to other herbicides. Resistance is now reducing the efficacy of glyphosate. Improving spray coverage and adjusting rates can help manage resistance, as can rotating herbicides and integrating residual herbicides and mixtures. Resistance testing helps identify the level of resistance present.
This document discusses the evolution and management of herbicide resistant weeds. It notes that important resistant weeds in Iowa include pigweed, lambsquarter, waterhemp, cocklebur and foxtails. Waterhemp has developed resistance to multiple herbicide sites of action. Standard resistance management strategies include cleaning equipment, using diverse herbicides, and adding cultural practices like cover crops. Cultural practices like row spacing, planting date and variety selection can also help reduce weed densities. Integrated programs that combine herbicides and cultural tactics are needed to slow the evolution of resistance.
This document discusses glyphosate weed resistance and weed resistance management in Europe. It provides context on relevant European directives and country-specific policies regarding sustainable pesticide use and water quality. It defines key terms like herbicide resistance and tolerance. It also outlines stakes in re-positioning glyphosate uses in sustainable agronomic systems and helping customers justify its use given chemical restrictions. The document discusses factors that can lead to the evolution of glyphosate-resistant weeds like a lack of alternative control methods and sub-optimal application rates and timings. It also provides examples of glyphosate resistance reported in different countries and control recommendations for a specific weed species.
Glyphosate provided several agronomic benefits for conventional agricultural uses from 1975-2010:
1) Early uses from 1975-1985 helped reduce labor needs and control weeds that other herbicides struggled with.
2) Optimized applications from 1980-1995 expanded uses in larger areas and brought unintended benefits like faster harvests and reduced disease risks.
3) Lower prices from 1990-2005 due to generic competition led to higher usage intensities.
4) After 2005, stewardship needs increased with frequent use and fewer alternative herbicides, though glyphosate continued providing benefits through conservation tillage and compliance with regulations.
The document discusses environmental impact indices and how they can be used to assess and compare the environmental impact of herbicide regimes in genetically modified herbicide-tolerant maize and conventional maize. It specifically focuses on the Pesticide Occupational and Environmental Risk Indicator (POCER), which evaluates impacts across 10 modules related to human health and the environment. The POCER was calculated for 13 conventional herbicide regimes and 10 glyphosate-based regimes in Roundup Ready maize. Results showed the glyphosate-only regimes had lower risks to operators and the environment compared to conventional regimes, though some conventional regimes were lower risk than glyphosate regimes combined with other herbicides.
This document discusses genetically modified soybean cultivation in Romania. It provides background on soybean production in Romania, noting that Romania is a leading soybean producer in Europe. It discusses the rapid uptake of Roundup Ready soybean varieties after they were first approved in 1999. The economic benefits of Roundup Ready soybeans are outlined, showing they have higher yields and profits than conventional soybeans due to lower costs. Maps show the concentration of soybean cultivation areas and production levels over time. In conclusion, the use of biotech crops could address farmers' needs and help European agriculture move forward.
This document summarizes a symposium on Roundup Ready maize held by the Joint Research Centre in Brussels on March 24, 2010. It discusses the global area planted to herbicide-tolerant maize from 1996 to 2008, with over 90% grown in the US. Potential economic impacts of HT maize include facilitating no-tillage systems and greater management flexibility. The objective is to analyze factors affecting the ex ante adoption of GM crops, focusing on HT oilseed rape and HT maize in Europe. A survey of farmers found the likelihood of adopting HT OSR varied by country, while ease of use increased likelihood of adopting HT maize. Implementation of coexistence measures had a large negative effect on adoption probabilities.
The document summarizes the experience of a South African farmer who switched from conventional to Roundup Ready maize. It discusses the reasons for switching, including difficulties in weed control, and how Roundup Ready technology works and has changed his farming practices, such as enabling minimum-tillage systems. The farmer has observed benefits like increased wildlife, reduced insecticide use, and more efficient water use since adopting Roundup Ready maize.
This 3 sentence summary provides the high level information from the document:
The document discusses a presentation given at the Roundup Ready Maize Symposium in Brussels in March 2010. The presentation was given by Ramon Albajes, Xavier Pons, and Belén Lumbierres from the Universitat de Lleida in Lleida, Spain. The presentation topic was the impact of herbicide-tolerant maize on non-target organisms.
This document discusses weed control programs for Roundup Ready maize in Europe. It begins by providing global and EU production statistics for maize to establish its importance. It then outlines the major weeds found in European maize and current control strategies. The document proposes 4 concepts for weed control in Roundup Ready maize that involve applying Roundup alone or in combination with other herbicides. It presents trial results showing Roundup Ready maize can provide effective weed control. Finally, it argues Roundup Ready maize will increase sustainability of weed management in Europe by adding another mode of action and protect maize yield potential.
This document summarizes a talk on weed ecology and control in maize production in Europe. It discusses the main weed species found in maize across different European regions and climate zones. It also describes the emergence patterns of important summer annual weeds and the critical period of weed competition for maize. Finally, it outlines the requirements for effective herbicides in maize and questions which herbicides will remain registered for use in the future.
The document describes a study that evaluated the impact of Roundup Ready maize production systems on non-target organisms (NTOs) over two years in Germany. The study used pitfall traps, yellow sticky traps, and visual assessments to sample arthropods across five treatment plots with different herbicide applications. Statistical analysis found several herbivore and predator taxa showed significant differences in numbers caught among the treatment plots, including Amara spp., Harpalus spp., Pterostichus spp., Staphylinidae, and spiders. Overall, the results indicate Roundup Ready maize production can impact some non-target arthropod populations.
1) Glyphosate resistance has emerged in over 20 weed species worldwide through various mechanisms including target site mutations and increased metabolism.
2) Target site mutations in the EPSPS gene have been identified in several glyphosate resistant weed species resulting in 2-3X levels of resistance.
3) Metabolic resistance allows some weed species to break down glyphosate faster through enhanced neutralizing enzyme activity, resulting in weaker resistance.
This document summarizes an experiment evaluating glyphosate loss from maize fields using Roundup Ready crops in France over four years. The experiment included 11 plots of different rotations and soil types. Glyphosate and its breakdown product AMPA were measured in drainage and runoff water after applications at different times of year. Results showed immediate transfer of glyphosate and AMPA when applied during rainy periods, but little to no transfer when applications were made according to Roundup Ready practices during dry periods. Over the entire experiment, glyphosate losses were low at 0.00012% of the applied amount.
This document estimates the potential change in glyphosate volumes with the introduction of Roundup Ready maize in Europe. It outlines assumptions for modeling, including a maximum 50% adoption rate of Roundup Ready traits by 2020 and average use of 4.5 liters of Roundup per hectare in Roundup Ready maize fields. The model predicts that even at a 50% trait penetration, only 22% of total glyphosate use would be in Roundup Ready maize by 2020, with the majority still used in conventional agriculture.
1) The TOPPS project focused on managing point sources of pesticide pollution from agricultural activities.
2) Key risk areas for point source pollution included sprayer cleaning, remnant management, and filling activities.
3) The project found that point sources contribute over 50% of pesticide contamination in some areas, and training farmers on improved practices like field cleaning of sprayers could reduce point source pollution by around 70%.
4) Sustainable management of point sources requires a multi-stakeholder approach including improved farmer behavior, equipment, infrastructure, regulations, and advisory support.
This document discusses glyphosate resistant weeds and Monsanto's stewardship programs. It provides definitions of herbicide resistance and tolerance. It summarizes the global status of glyphosate resistant weeds, contributing factors to their evolution, and management practices. It also outlines Monsanto's research efforts, weed resistance monitoring programs, grower education initiatives, and principles for their stewardship program to delay resistance development and manage existing resistant weed populations.
This document summarizes an agro-economic analysis of glyphosate use in UK agriculture. It finds that glyphosate provides major benefits by controlling weeds pre-planting and pre-harvest, increasing yields and reducing costs. Loss of glyphosate could cause severe losses over £150m-550m/year for wheat and over £300m/year for all crops. It would also negatively impact the environment by increasing GHG emissions up to 20% and worsening soil and water quality. The analysis concludes the key benefits of glyphosate must be communicated to ensure its continued availability for UK agriculture.
Regulatory status of glyphosate:
1. Glyphosate was first registered in Europe in 1974 and has since undergone major regulatory reviews confirming its safety.
2. While glyphosate has a long history of safe use, some regulators overlook the substantial data when re-evaluating it.
3. Current regulatory challenges include addressing surface water monitoring results, claims from non-standard studies, and ensuring weed resistance management plans.
1) NK603 is currently in the EU approval process, having received a positive opinion from EFSA. It is expected to complete the comitology process by the end of 2010, allowing for its authorization.
2) Monsanto is preparing for post-market environmental monitoring of NK603 by collaborating with EuropaBio and member states on farmer surveys and monitoring networks. They are also monitoring scientific literature and reporting potential adverse effects.
3) If NK603 receives EU authorization by the end of 2010 and individual member states complete variety registration and herbicide approvals, NK603 could potentially be launched in some markets in 2011.
The document summarizes the current legislative framework for registering plant protection products in the European Union. It discusses key aspects of Directive 91/414/EEC and the upcoming Regulation 1107/2009, including [1] the process for approving active substances at the EU level and authorizing products for specific uses at the national level, [2] the extensive data requirements for registration dossiers, and [3] the criteria for ensuring products are safe and effective while minimizing environmental and resistance impacts. The conclusion is that authorities will continue overseeing pesticide approvals and monitoring under this legislation for all uses, including on genetically modified crops.
The document summarizes the role of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in evaluating the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) maize NK603. EFSA is responsible for providing independent scientific advice on GM plant authorization applications. For maize NK603, EFSA evaluated potential risks related to unintended effects on plant fitness, gene transfer to other plants or microorganisms, interactions with target and non-target organisms, and impacts on human and animal health and the environment. Based on the application details, scientific literature, and additional studies, EFSA concluded the risks of maize NK603 were similar to conventional maize and unlikely to cause adverse environmental effects.
This document discusses the use of glyphosate in Europe, specifically the UK. It provides background on glyphosate, noting its introduction in 1974 for perennial weed control and pre-harvest use in 1980. Data is presented on glyphosate's effectiveness in reducing common couch shoots. The document also discusses glyphosate residues in UK bread and impacts on wheat yield and moisture content from pre-harvest glyphosate applications.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
The document discusses environmental impact indices and how they can be used to assess and compare the environmental impact of herbicide regimes in genetically modified herbicide-tolerant maize and conventional maize. It specifically focuses on the Pesticide Occupational and Environmental Risk Indicator (POCER), which evaluates impacts across 10 modules related to human health and the environment. The POCER was calculated for 13 conventional herbicide regimes and 10 glyphosate-based regimes in Roundup Ready maize. Results showed the glyphosate-only regimes had lower risks to operators and the environment compared to conventional regimes, though some conventional regimes were lower risk than glyphosate regimes combined with other herbicides.
This document discusses genetically modified soybean cultivation in Romania. It provides background on soybean production in Romania, noting that Romania is a leading soybean producer in Europe. It discusses the rapid uptake of Roundup Ready soybean varieties after they were first approved in 1999. The economic benefits of Roundup Ready soybeans are outlined, showing they have higher yields and profits than conventional soybeans due to lower costs. Maps show the concentration of soybean cultivation areas and production levels over time. In conclusion, the use of biotech crops could address farmers' needs and help European agriculture move forward.
This document summarizes a symposium on Roundup Ready maize held by the Joint Research Centre in Brussels on March 24, 2010. It discusses the global area planted to herbicide-tolerant maize from 1996 to 2008, with over 90% grown in the US. Potential economic impacts of HT maize include facilitating no-tillage systems and greater management flexibility. The objective is to analyze factors affecting the ex ante adoption of GM crops, focusing on HT oilseed rape and HT maize in Europe. A survey of farmers found the likelihood of adopting HT OSR varied by country, while ease of use increased likelihood of adopting HT maize. Implementation of coexistence measures had a large negative effect on adoption probabilities.
The document summarizes the experience of a South African farmer who switched from conventional to Roundup Ready maize. It discusses the reasons for switching, including difficulties in weed control, and how Roundup Ready technology works and has changed his farming practices, such as enabling minimum-tillage systems. The farmer has observed benefits like increased wildlife, reduced insecticide use, and more efficient water use since adopting Roundup Ready maize.
This 3 sentence summary provides the high level information from the document:
The document discusses a presentation given at the Roundup Ready Maize Symposium in Brussels in March 2010. The presentation was given by Ramon Albajes, Xavier Pons, and Belén Lumbierres from the Universitat de Lleida in Lleida, Spain. The presentation topic was the impact of herbicide-tolerant maize on non-target organisms.
This document discusses weed control programs for Roundup Ready maize in Europe. It begins by providing global and EU production statistics for maize to establish its importance. It then outlines the major weeds found in European maize and current control strategies. The document proposes 4 concepts for weed control in Roundup Ready maize that involve applying Roundup alone or in combination with other herbicides. It presents trial results showing Roundup Ready maize can provide effective weed control. Finally, it argues Roundup Ready maize will increase sustainability of weed management in Europe by adding another mode of action and protect maize yield potential.
This document summarizes a talk on weed ecology and control in maize production in Europe. It discusses the main weed species found in maize across different European regions and climate zones. It also describes the emergence patterns of important summer annual weeds and the critical period of weed competition for maize. Finally, it outlines the requirements for effective herbicides in maize and questions which herbicides will remain registered for use in the future.
The document describes a study that evaluated the impact of Roundup Ready maize production systems on non-target organisms (NTOs) over two years in Germany. The study used pitfall traps, yellow sticky traps, and visual assessments to sample arthropods across five treatment plots with different herbicide applications. Statistical analysis found several herbivore and predator taxa showed significant differences in numbers caught among the treatment plots, including Amara spp., Harpalus spp., Pterostichus spp., Staphylinidae, and spiders. Overall, the results indicate Roundup Ready maize production can impact some non-target arthropod populations.
1) Glyphosate resistance has emerged in over 20 weed species worldwide through various mechanisms including target site mutations and increased metabolism.
2) Target site mutations in the EPSPS gene have been identified in several glyphosate resistant weed species resulting in 2-3X levels of resistance.
3) Metabolic resistance allows some weed species to break down glyphosate faster through enhanced neutralizing enzyme activity, resulting in weaker resistance.
This document summarizes an experiment evaluating glyphosate loss from maize fields using Roundup Ready crops in France over four years. The experiment included 11 plots of different rotations and soil types. Glyphosate and its breakdown product AMPA were measured in drainage and runoff water after applications at different times of year. Results showed immediate transfer of glyphosate and AMPA when applied during rainy periods, but little to no transfer when applications were made according to Roundup Ready practices during dry periods. Over the entire experiment, glyphosate losses were low at 0.00012% of the applied amount.
This document estimates the potential change in glyphosate volumes with the introduction of Roundup Ready maize in Europe. It outlines assumptions for modeling, including a maximum 50% adoption rate of Roundup Ready traits by 2020 and average use of 4.5 liters of Roundup per hectare in Roundup Ready maize fields. The model predicts that even at a 50% trait penetration, only 22% of total glyphosate use would be in Roundup Ready maize by 2020, with the majority still used in conventional agriculture.
1) The TOPPS project focused on managing point sources of pesticide pollution from agricultural activities.
2) Key risk areas for point source pollution included sprayer cleaning, remnant management, and filling activities.
3) The project found that point sources contribute over 50% of pesticide contamination in some areas, and training farmers on improved practices like field cleaning of sprayers could reduce point source pollution by around 70%.
4) Sustainable management of point sources requires a multi-stakeholder approach including improved farmer behavior, equipment, infrastructure, regulations, and advisory support.
This document discusses glyphosate resistant weeds and Monsanto's stewardship programs. It provides definitions of herbicide resistance and tolerance. It summarizes the global status of glyphosate resistant weeds, contributing factors to their evolution, and management practices. It also outlines Monsanto's research efforts, weed resistance monitoring programs, grower education initiatives, and principles for their stewardship program to delay resistance development and manage existing resistant weed populations.
This document summarizes an agro-economic analysis of glyphosate use in UK agriculture. It finds that glyphosate provides major benefits by controlling weeds pre-planting and pre-harvest, increasing yields and reducing costs. Loss of glyphosate could cause severe losses over £150m-550m/year for wheat and over £300m/year for all crops. It would also negatively impact the environment by increasing GHG emissions up to 20% and worsening soil and water quality. The analysis concludes the key benefits of glyphosate must be communicated to ensure its continued availability for UK agriculture.
Regulatory status of glyphosate:
1. Glyphosate was first registered in Europe in 1974 and has since undergone major regulatory reviews confirming its safety.
2. While glyphosate has a long history of safe use, some regulators overlook the substantial data when re-evaluating it.
3. Current regulatory challenges include addressing surface water monitoring results, claims from non-standard studies, and ensuring weed resistance management plans.
1) NK603 is currently in the EU approval process, having received a positive opinion from EFSA. It is expected to complete the comitology process by the end of 2010, allowing for its authorization.
2) Monsanto is preparing for post-market environmental monitoring of NK603 by collaborating with EuropaBio and member states on farmer surveys and monitoring networks. They are also monitoring scientific literature and reporting potential adverse effects.
3) If NK603 receives EU authorization by the end of 2010 and individual member states complete variety registration and herbicide approvals, NK603 could potentially be launched in some markets in 2011.
The document summarizes the current legislative framework for registering plant protection products in the European Union. It discusses key aspects of Directive 91/414/EEC and the upcoming Regulation 1107/2009, including [1] the process for approving active substances at the EU level and authorizing products for specific uses at the national level, [2] the extensive data requirements for registration dossiers, and [3] the criteria for ensuring products are safe and effective while minimizing environmental and resistance impacts. The conclusion is that authorities will continue overseeing pesticide approvals and monitoring under this legislation for all uses, including on genetically modified crops.
The document summarizes the role of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in evaluating the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) maize NK603. EFSA is responsible for providing independent scientific advice on GM plant authorization applications. For maize NK603, EFSA evaluated potential risks related to unintended effects on plant fitness, gene transfer to other plants or microorganisms, interactions with target and non-target organisms, and impacts on human and animal health and the environment. Based on the application details, scientific literature, and additional studies, EFSA concluded the risks of maize NK603 were similar to conventional maize and unlikely to cause adverse environmental effects.
This document discusses the use of glyphosate in Europe, specifically the UK. It provides background on glyphosate, noting its introduction in 1974 for perennial weed control and pre-harvest use in 1980. Data is presented on glyphosate's effectiveness in reducing common couch shoots. The document also discusses glyphosate residues in UK bread and impacts on wheat yield and moisture content from pre-harvest glyphosate applications.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
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R de Prado
1. University
of
Córdoba
Roundup Ready ® Maize symposium: The
European Perspective
Weed Resistance to Glyphosate in Southern Europe:
Present and Future Perspective.
Dr. Rafael De Prado and Fidel González-Torralva
University of Cordoba, Spain
2. Main crops produced in the Mediterranean Region
Roundup Ready® Maize symposium: The European Perspective
3. University
of SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Córdoba
Is that in which the production systems permit the
obtainment of a continuous benefit from the use of
water, soil, genetic resources, etc. to meet the
current needs of the population without destroying
the basic natural resources for future generations.
Castillo, 1992
Roundup Ready® Maize symposium: The European Perspective
4. University
of
Córdoba
Evolution of herbicides use in Spain
70
60
50
40 1999
2004
30
2009
20
10
0
Wheat Olive Stone fruit Vineyard Citrus
Roundup Ready® Maize symposium: The European Perspective
5. University
of
Córdoba RESISTANCE
The Weed Science Society of America (WSSA)
defines herbicide resistance as
“the inherited ability of a plant to survive and
reproduce following exposure to a dose of
herbicide normally lethal to the wild type”.
Roundup Ready® Maize symposium: The European Perspective
6. Distribution of Resistant Weed Biotypes in Southern Europe
Roundup Ready® Maize symposium: The European Perspective
7. Resistance mechanisms in weeds
University Non target site
of
Córdoba
Foliar surface
Absorption
Cuticule
Apoplast
Systematization
Translocation
Metabolization
Herbicide
application Resistant Plant
Roundup Ready® Maize symposium: The European Perspective
8. Resistance mechanisms in weeds
University Target site
of Córdoba
Target site
modification
Overexpression
Herbicide
application Resistant Plant
9. University
of
MULTIPLE RESISTANCE
Córdoba
ALS INHIBITORS ACCase INHIBITORS PSII INHIBITORS
SUSCEPTIBLE
BIOTYPE
DETOXIFICATION SYSTEM
RESISTANT
BIOTYPE
STOP ACCase STOP PSII
Roundup Ready® Maize symposium: The European Perspective
10. Evolution of ALS Resistance in Southern Europe
30
University
of 25
Number of resistant species
Córdoba
20
15
10
Evolution of PS II (C1) Resistance in Southern Europe
5 World: 107
70 Southern Europe : 26
0
60
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Number of resistant species
50 Year
40
30
Evolution of ACCase Resistance in Southern Europe
20 30
World: 68
10 Southern Europe : 59 25
Number of resistant species
0
20
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Year
15
10
5 World: 38
Southern Europe : 26
0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Year
Roundup Ready® Maize symposium: The European Perspective
11. Evolution of Glyphosate Resistance in Southern Europe
University
of
Córdoba
6
5
RESISTANT SPECIES
4
3
2
1
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
YEAR
World: 18
Southern Europe : 5
Roundup Ready® Maize symposium: The European Perspective
12. WORST WEEDS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION: ORCHARDS AND OLIVE TREES
Ecbalium elaterium
Conium maculatum
Conyza spp
Cuscuta campestris Euphorbia helioscopia Malva parviflora
13. WORST WEEDS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION: ORCHARDS AND OLIVE TREES
REGION:
Avena sterilis Paspalum distichum
Lolium multiflorum Lolium rigidum Cyperus rotundus
14. Evolution of Glyphosate Resistance in Southern Europe
University
of
Córdoba
Main differences between glyphosate R and S Lolium
multiflorum biotypes.
R/S factor depends of growth stage.
Shikimate does not accumulate in R biotypes.
Absorption and translocation of 14C-glyphosate in S is higher than R
biotypes.
Spray retention is higher in S biotypes.
Mutations in EPSPS have been founded in R biotypes.
Roundup Ready® Maize symposium: The European Perspective
15. University
of
Córdoba
ED50 Evolution of Lolium multiflorum
treated with glyphosate
1500 R
S
1000
-1
g ai ha
500
0
13 21 55-55 65
Growth Stage (BBCH)
Roundup Ready® Maize symposium: The European Perspective
16. Shikimic Acid (Shikimate) Pathway
University
of
Córdoba
AShikimate accumulation in L.
multiflorum biotypes
1,6
Shikimic acid (mg g-1 fresh weight)
)
1,4
1,2
1
0,8
R Biotype
0,6
S Biotype
0,4
0,2
0
0 24 48 72 96
Hours after treatment
17. Retention and contact angle in L. multiflorum treated with
University glyphosate
of
Córdoba
Adaxial Surface
µL spraying solution
g-1 dry matter Angle (degrees)
S R S R
1,763b 1,265a
62,4 (2,83) 112,9 (5,00)
Major of 90º Minor of 90º
θ = 180 – tan-1[(x.b2)/(y.a2)] θ = 2.tan-1(h/x)
a
b
x
y
θ
Unpublished data, 2010
Roundup Ready® Maize symposium: The European Perspective
18. Wax differences between R and S L. multiflorum biotypes
University
of
Córdoba
2µm²
CAD software quantification
Area Covered by Wax (%)
S R
42,9 (0,66) 102,6 (2,38)
Roundup Ready® Maize symposium: The European Perspective
19. Absorption and translocation of 14C-Glyphosate in R and S biotypes of
University glyphosate resistant L. multiflorum.
of
Córdoba
48 hours after 14C-Glyphosate
application
R S
20. Protein Alignment of EPSPS Glyphosate Resistant
University
of
Lolium spp.
Córdoba
*Arrows indicate amino acid mutations sites
Roundup Ready® Maize symposium: The European Perspective
21. Glyphosate (2250 g ai ha-1) treatment in olive orchard
University with glyphosate resistant L. multiflorum
of
Córdoba
0 DAT 15 DAT
30 DAT 75 DAT
22. University
of
Efficacy (%) of herbicides mixture with glyphosate applied in
Córdoba
glyphosate-resistant L. multiflorum.
DAT
Herbicide
15 30 45 60 75
Untreated 0,0±0,0c 0,0±0,0c 0,0±0,0c 0,0±0,0c 0,0±0,0c
G1125 54,0±12,3b 47,4±9,2b 47,3±7,3b 42,1±6,2b 40,5±6,4b
G2250 61,2±8,7bc 67,4±6,1bc 62,7±10,2bc 60,2±7,1bc 57,2±7,3b
G1125+O 58,2±9,2b 62,8±8,0bc 53,1±9,3b 52,1±6,8b 52,2±10,4b
G1125+F 49,1±8,3b 99,1±2,7a 100,0±0,0a 100,0±0,0a 100,0±0,0a
G1125+C 79,1±6,3ab 100,0±0,0a 100,0±0,0a 100,0±0,0a 100,0±0,0a
G1125+Q 71,1±4,0ab 100,0±0,0a 100,0±0,0a 100,0±0,0a 100,0±0,0a
G=glyphosate (g ae ha-1); O=orosorb (0,8% v/v); F=flazasulfuron (50 g ai ha-1);
C=clethodim (120 g ai ha-1) and Q=quizalofop (50 g ai ha-1).
24. Visual assessment of different herbicide treatments on Conyza spp.
DAYS AFTER TREATMENT
TREATMENT 15 30 45 60
A 0,0 ± 0,0 0,0 ± 0,0 0,0 ± 0,0 0,0 ± 0,0
B 71,7 ± 12,6 80,0 ± 5,0 80,0 ± 5,0 85,0 ± 13,2
C 85,0 ± 8,7 100,0 ± 0,0 100,0 ± 0,0 100,0 ± 0,0
D 18,3 ± 10,4 30,0 ± 5,0 41,7 ± 7,6 56,7 ± 5,8
E 26,7 ± 5,8 70,0 ± 5,0 80,0 ± 10,0 93,3 ± 2,9
F 18,3 ± 2,9 20,0 ± 10,0 20,0 ± 5,0 31,7 ± 7,6
G 60,0 ± 5,0 60,0 ± 10,0 65,0 ± 5,0 70,0 ± 10,0
H 55,0 ± 10,0 81,7 ± 10,4 85,0 ± 5,0 88,3 ± 7,6
I 40,0 ± 0,0 70,0 ± 10,0 76,7 ± 2,9 96,7 ± 2,9
J 68,3 ± 7,6 88,3 ± 7,6 96,7 ± 2,9 100,0 ± 0,0
K 60,0 ± 5,0 68,3 ± 2,9 71,7 ± 2,9 70,0 ± 17,3
A Control
B Glyphosate 2160 g ai ha-1
C Glyphosate 4320 g ai ha-1
D Flazasulfuron 200 g ha-1
E Glyphosate 2160 g ai ha-1+ Flazasulfuron 200 g ha-1
F Saflufenacil 20 g ha-1+ Dash 0,75%
G Glyphosate 2160 g ai ha-1+ Saflufenacil 20 g ha-1 + Dash 0,75%
Glyphosate 2160 g ai ha-1 + Saflufenacil 20 g ha-1 + Dash 0,75%
H
** Saflufenacil 20 g ha-1 + Dash 0,75%
I Fusta 8 L ha-1
J Fusta 8 L ha-1 + glyphosate 720 g ai ha-1
K Glyphosate 2160 g ai ha-1 + Saflufenacil 20 g ha-1 + Aceite 1 %
25. University “Would it be possible to have a sustainable crop
of
Córdoba
management in the future using herbicides?”
Good agricultural …We are
more than
6,500
practices… millions of
people
26. University
of
Córdoba Innovation in Agro-Technologies are
Key-Factors to Satisfy Future Food Demand
Trillion Kilocalories /Year
7.37 2.13 11.28
10.6 0.52 Reserve
10.0
2.29
1.72
5.1 5.17 1.23
5.0 -0.13
Improvements
-1.12
Demand Supply Demand Arable Conversion Gap Fertilizer Irrigation Traditional Bio- Supply
1995 2025 Land Loss Crop technology 2025
Protection and
Seeds
Source: Kern, M., 1998
Future of Agriculture fig. 2
27. Summarize
University
of
Córdoba
- Resistance to herbicides is wide spread in Europe as well as globally ( see www.weedscience.org ).
www.weedscience.
- Confirmed glyphosate resistant weed biotypes of Lolium rigidum, Lolium multiflorum, Conyza canadensis
rigidum, multiflorum,
and Conyza bonariensis are known in Europe, these resistant biotypes are exclusively spread in perennial
crops like vineyards, citrus plantations and olive groves. They were selected because there was a sole
groves.
reliance on glyphosate in these crops to control weeds.
weeds.
- Glyphosate resistant weed biotypes can be managed by: by:
•glyphosate applications when the plants are most susceptible
•complementary cultural practices, like tillage or mowing
•herbicide sequences and/or tank-mixes
tank-
-Mixture of auxinic herbicides alone and/or with glyphosate are a good solution to control dicotiledonea
weeds.
weeds.
-ALS and ACCase inhibitor herbicides mixture with glyphosate must be managed with care. In terms of
care.
resistance development they can be named “High Risk Herbicides.
Herbicides.