Understanding systems & particularly structural system

1. Understanding
Structural Systems
MANOJ MITTAL

2. Systems : Various definitions
 A set of connected things or parts forming a complex whole.
 A set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or
an interconnecting network
 A system is a set of interacting or interdependent
components forming an integerated whole or a set of
elements (often called components) and relationships which
are different from relationships of the set or its elements to
other elements or sets.

3. Systems: various definitions
 A system is a collection of components wherein individual
components are constrained by connecting
interrelationships such that the systems as a whole fulfills
some specific functions in response to varying demands.

4. What do we mean by Physical laws?
 A physical law or scientific law according to the Oxford English
dictionary is "a theoretical principle deduced from particular facts,
applicable to a defined group or class of phenomena, and
expressible by the statement that a particular phenomenon always
occurs if certain conditions be present."[1] Physical laws are typically
conclusions based on repeated scientific experiments and
observations over many years and which have become accepted
universally within the scientific community.

5. Understanding physical laws
 Physical laws are:
 True, at least within their regime of validity. By definition,
there have never been repeatable contradicting
observations.
 Universal. They appear to apply everywhere in the universe.
 Simple. They are typically expressed in terms of a single
mathematical equation.

6. Understanding Physical Laws
 Absolute. Nothing in the universe appears to affect them.
 Stable. Unchanged since first discovered (although they may have
been shown to be approximations of more accurate laws.
 Omnipotent. Everything in the universe apparently must comply
with them (according to observations
 Generally conservative of quantity.
 Often expressions of existing homogeneities (symmetries) of space
and time.
 Typically theoretically reversible in time (if non-quantum),
although time itself is irreversible.

7. Understanding Physical Laws
 Some of the more famous laws of nature are found in
Isaac Newton's theories of (now) classical mechanics,
presented in his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia
Mathematica, and inAlbert Einstein's theory of relativity.
Other examples of laws of nature include Boyle's law of
gases, conservation laws, the four laws of thermodynamics

8. Example of systems
 Physical systems : machines, springs computers, structures
solar system/water cycle system etc.
 Social systems : legal system etc.
 Educational system
 Admission system
 Examination system
 Biological systems
 Digestive system
 Respiratory system
 Manufacturing/Production system
 Eco system etc.

9. Understanding System
 System has a structure ( It contains parts or components)
that are directly or indirectly related to each other.
 System has a behavior . It contains processes that transforms
input in to output.
 System has inter connectivity . The parts and processes are
connected by structural and/or behaviour relationship.
 There may be sub systems in a system

10. What is Structure? Dictionary meaning?
 Something made up of a number of parts that are held or
put together in a particular way: hierarchical social structure.
 The way in which parts are arranged or put together to form
a whole; makeup: triangular in structure.
 The interrelation or arrangement of parts in a complex
entity: political structure; plot structure.
 Something constructed, such as a building.
 Biology
a. The arrangement or formation of the tissues, organs, or
other parts of an organism.
b. An organ or other part of an organism.

11. Structural System
 In building Construction the particular method of assembling
and constructing structural elements of a building so that
they support and transmit applied loads safely to the ground
without exceeding the allowable stresses in the members.
 The term structural system or structural frame in structural
engineering refers to load resisting sub system of a
structure. The structural systems transfers load through
interconnected structural components or members.
 Structure can be described as a collection or assemblage of
materials that, when joined together, will withstand the
loads and forces to which they are subjected. These loads
are not confined just to the weight of the building itself, but
will also include such forces as wind & earthquake

12. Few Examples

13. Few Examples

14. Few more Examples

15. Thank You