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2.0 Framework Structural System
The document discusses various structural framework systems including: 1) Column and beam frameworks which use vertical columns supporting horizontal beams. 2) Cantilever structures which use beams supported at only one end such as balconies. 3) Truss frameworks which use a geometric arrangement of structural members in triangles to transfer loads. 4) Space frame structures which use a three dimensional framework of members connected at their ends. 5) Geodesic dome frameworks which use a system of spherical triangles formed by members following great circles.
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2.0 Framework Structural System
- 1. izsd@yahoo.com 2.0 FRAMEWORK STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
- 2. izsd@yahoo.com Recognize types anddefinition of framework structural systems: a. Column and beam b. Cantilever c. Truss d. Space Frame e. Geodesic Frame
- 3. izsd@yahoo.com COLUMN & BEAM
- 4. izsd@yahoo.com DEFINITION DEFINITION > COLUMN A rigid, relatively slender structural member designed primarily to support axial, compressive loads applied at the member ends. DEFINITION > BEAM A rigid structural member designed to carry & transfer transverse loads across space to supporting elements. POST & BEAM SYSTEM @ POST & LINTEL SYSTEM A simple construction method using a lintel, header, or architrave as the horizontal member over a building void supported at its ends by two vertical columns, pillars, or posts.
- 5. izsd@yahoo.com POST AND BEAMSTRUCTURES • Most architectural structures are of the post-and-beam type. • Post and beam buildings carry the weight of their structural components(and the weight of objects and people in them) by bearing on one another. • The weight of the roof and beams is carried by the posts down to the foundation and then into the ground. Horizontal beams are subject to bending loads, therefore the structural materials should be able of resisting both tension and compression. • We can further subdivide the post and beam structures into:
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- 10. izsd@yahoo.com POST & BEAMSYSTEM @ POST & LINTEL SYSTEM LINTEL POST
- 11. izsd@yahoo.com EXAMPLES (nature) Tree branches
- 12. izsd@yahoo.com EXAMPLES (nature) Banyan tree
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- 14. izsd@yahoo.com DEFINITION CANTILEVER A beam @ other rigid structural member extending beyond a fulcrum & supported by a balancing member @ a downward force behind the fulcrum. Diagram of loading
- 15. izsd@yahoo.com DEFINITION CANTILEVER BEAM A projecting beam supported at only one fixed end. Diagram of loading
- 16. izsd@yahoo.com EXAMPLES (nature) Cantilever Stone
- 17. izsd@yahoo.com EXAMPLES (nature) Oyster Mushroom
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- 20. izsd@yahoo.com DEFINITION A structural frame based on the geometric rigidity of the triangle & composed of linear members subject only to axial tension @ compression. 1. PLANAR TRUSS DEFINITION: A truss all of whose members lie in a single plane (two dimensional plane). • E.g: roofs, bridges 2. SPACE FRAME TRUSS
- 21. izsd@yahoo.com EXAMPLES (nature) Wing Bones of a Bird Warren Truss Bridge
- 22. izsd@yahoo.com EXAMPLES (nature) Pelvic Bones of a Bird King Post Truss
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- 25. izsd@yahoo.com SPACE FRAME @ space structure
- 26. izsd@yahoo.com DEFINITION Three-dimensional framework of members pinned at their ends. • A tetrahedron shape is the simplest space truss, consisting of six members which meet at four joints. Simple tetrahedron Diagram of a planar space frame such as used for a roof
- 27. izsd@yahoo.com Material: structural steelpipe, tubing, channels, tees @ W-shapes Connectors: Members/struts nodes threaded welded connection bolted connection connections
- 28. izsd@yahoo.com EXAMPLES (nature) Bone Structure
- 29. izsd@yahoo.com 1. SKELETON TYPES FRAMEWORK (braced) • Number of bars interconnected at the nodes. • e.g. domes, barrel vaults, double and multiplier grids, braced
- 30. izsd@yahoo.com TYPES 2. STRESSED-SKIN SYSTEMS • Thin sheet material +rigid frame = STRESSED SKIN • Used in aircraft, the space shuttle, unit body automobiles. • e.g. Stressed skin folded plates, stressed skin domes and barrel vaults, pneumatic structures.
- 31. izsd@yahoo.com TYPES 3. SUSPENDED STRUCTURES (cable or membrane) • Form of long-span structure that is subject to tension and uses suspension cables for support. • e.g. Cable roofs. Material - PTFE-coated fibreglass & PVC-coated polyester. Nature - spider web
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- 33. izsd@yahoo.com DEFINITION A steel dome having members which follow three principal sets of great circles intersecting at 60°, subdividing the dome surface into series of equilateral spherical triangles. The more complex this system of triangles, the more spherical the dome becomes.
- 34. izsd@yahoo.com TYPES 1. Struts: Struts are the force members in a geodesic dome that act in compressive and tensile forces to resist loading. 2. Pins: The pins are used at vertices to hold the struts together. 3. Substructure: The foundation transfers loads from the superstructure down into the earth.