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System diagrams
Input-process-output
Reason. . .
•To show the relation between
major parts of the system.
•Do not include minor parts or
components.
General system diagram
INPUT
Force movement
PROCESS
Mechanism
OUTPUT
Desired
force/movement
Analyse a mechanical system by breaking it
into input-process-output
• A pair of pruning scissors is a mechanism that will need to work
according to a specific system if it has to produce maximum MA.
• The system diagram for cutting process will look like:
INPUT
Force movement
Force on handles. As
far back as possible
PROCESS
Mechanism
Pruning scissors
Fulcrum in the middle
where the two levers
pivot(moves around a
point)
OUTPUT
Desired force/movement
LOAD: where the cutting
has to take place
System diagram for a gear system
with a MA of 4:1
INPUT
Force movement
Force on driven gear with
60 teeth.(driven gear)
PROCESS
Gear mechanism
Gear system MA 4:1
Fulcrum in the middle
where the gears pivot
MOVES AROUND AN AXLE
OUTPUT
Desired force/movement
LOAD: driver gear with 15
teeth. (driver gear)
Formula for calculating MA
•Use the following formula to workout how to get
a 4:1 gear ratio
•Gear ratio=Number of teeth of driven gear
Number of teeth of the driver gear
System diagram for a gear train with the
driven gear rotating faster than the driver
•If a Driver gear=40 teeth is driving a
driven gear=20 teeth the gear chain will
speed up i.e. for every turn of the driver
of the driver gear, the driven gear will
turn twice.
System diagram for gear train
INPUT
Force movement
Force on driven gear 20 teeth.
(Driven gear)
PROCESS
Gear mechanism
Gear system MA 1:2
FULCRUM in the middle around
an axle
MOVES AROUND AN AXLE
OUTPUT
Desired force/movement
LOAD: Driver gear with 40
teeth. (Driver gear)

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System diagrams

  • 2. Reason. . . •To show the relation between major parts of the system. •Do not include minor parts or components.
  • 3. General system diagram INPUT Force movement PROCESS Mechanism OUTPUT Desired force/movement
  • 4. Analyse a mechanical system by breaking it into input-process-output • A pair of pruning scissors is a mechanism that will need to work according to a specific system if it has to produce maximum MA. • The system diagram for cutting process will look like: INPUT Force movement Force on handles. As far back as possible PROCESS Mechanism Pruning scissors Fulcrum in the middle where the two levers pivot(moves around a point) OUTPUT Desired force/movement LOAD: where the cutting has to take place
  • 5. System diagram for a gear system with a MA of 4:1 INPUT Force movement Force on driven gear with 60 teeth.(driven gear) PROCESS Gear mechanism Gear system MA 4:1 Fulcrum in the middle where the gears pivot MOVES AROUND AN AXLE OUTPUT Desired force/movement LOAD: driver gear with 15 teeth. (driver gear)
  • 6. Formula for calculating MA •Use the following formula to workout how to get a 4:1 gear ratio •Gear ratio=Number of teeth of driven gear Number of teeth of the driver gear
  • 7. System diagram for a gear train with the driven gear rotating faster than the driver •If a Driver gear=40 teeth is driving a driven gear=20 teeth the gear chain will speed up i.e. for every turn of the driver of the driver gear, the driven gear will turn twice.
  • 8. System diagram for gear train INPUT Force movement Force on driven gear 20 teeth. (Driven gear) PROCESS Gear mechanism Gear system MA 1:2 FULCRUM in the middle around an axle MOVES AROUND AN AXLE OUTPUT Desired force/movement LOAD: Driver gear with 40 teeth. (Driver gear)
  • 9. Test corrections • Question 1 1. Human arm=third class lever, office punch= second class lever, bottle opener= first class lever 2. The office punch 3. A second class lever is when the load lies in between the fulcrum point and the effort. 4. >1 5. Effort= handles, fulcrum= the middle where the two levers pivot, load= blades where the cutting take place
  • 10. Test corrections cont’d Question 2 1. Spur gears 2. Idler gear 3. Idler gear-is used so that the rotation of the two gears is the same 4. Gear train- is usually made up of two or more gears 5. Bevel gear 6. Gear- a wheel with teeth