Symbiosis Presentation

Symbiosis Heather Jordan BMMB 597D Biochemistry, Microbiology & Molecular Biology The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 http://starklab.slu.edu/Bio2000/clover.jpg

What is symbiosis? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.exatec.unisinos.br/~osorio/mmidia/trab-gb/pac-man/pacman.mpg

What is symbiosis? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.whaleswim.com/en/information/video.html

Aeromonas veronii ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://yoda.ucc.uconn.edu/~mcbstaff/graf/Sym.html

Vibrio fischeri ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://yoda.ucc.uconn.edu/~mcbstaff/graf/Sym.html

Buchnera ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://yoda.ucc.uconn.edu/~mcbstaff/graf/Sym.html

Parasitism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://ftp.decsy.ru/nanoworld2002/v075/DATA/mpeg/virus.mpg

Symbiosis in the Microbial World ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.steve.gb.com/vegetable_empire/the_dark_side.html

Rhizobium , Root Nodules & Nitrogen Fixation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.science.siu.edu/parasitic-plants/images/nodules.JPEG http://www.agron.iastate.edu/plantscience/Beneficial_microbes.htm

The Perfect Relationship! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/fieldcrops/3256.html

Nitrogen Fixation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.donkeyshow.org/movies/

Nitrogen Cycle Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.uoguelph.ca/%7Emgoss/seven/nodules.jpg

What are Rhizobium ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How does Rhizobium form root nodules? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.cfr.washington.edu/classes.esc.210/Lecture%20Notes/Lecture%2023/lec23.htm

2 Basic Types of Root Nodules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/Roots/RootSymbioses.htm

http://redescolar.ilce.edu.mx/redescolar/Revista/06/articulos/06.html

Rhizobium etli possesses 2 regulatory cascades containing nitrogen-fixing genes. What are they? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

rpoN is found in a wide variety of microorganisms. Describe the examples given in the paper. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What do the authors of this paper hypothesize? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~tcharles/rhizobium.html

What originally led the authors to suspect that there may be a 2 nd rpoN gene? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Map of region containing rpoN2 gene (Fig. 1)

What phenotypic defects were observed when rpoN1 and rpoN2 were inactivated? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Why do the authors think that rpoN2 may have been acquired via lateral gene transfer (as opposed to gene duplication)? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.ambassadors.net/archives/issue8/symposium_select.htm

Why was media containing ammonium, nitrate and alanine used (testing under aerobic & microaerobic conditions)? What happened when glutamine and mannitol were used in the media? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How did the mutations affect nodulation in P. vulgaris ? How did they impact the ability to fix nitrogen? Are both of these genes necessary for nitrogen fixation? ,[object Object],[object Object]

How did the mutations affect nodulation in P. vulgaris ? How did they impact the ability to fix nitrogen? Are both of these genes necessary for nitrogen fixation? ,[object Object]

How did the authors know that the absence of transcription of the rpoN2 gene were not responsible for the observed phenotypes of FAJ1173? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Why did the authors test for the production of melanin? What does rpoN have to do with the production of melanin? Is rpoN1 necessary for melanin synthesis? rpoN2 ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The authors stated that rpoN1 and rpoN2 are active under different physiological conditions. Are these observations explained by the differential expression of both genes? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What was concluded about the expression patterns of rpoN2 with relation to orf180 ? ,[object Object]

According to the authors, no active RpoN2 protein is formed under free-living aerobic or microaerobic conditions in the rpoN1 mutant. How did they know this? How could RpoN2 protein facilitate turning off the rpoN1 gene during symbiosis? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

According to the authors, no active RpoN2 protein is formed under free-living aerobic or microaerobic conditions in the rpoN1 mutant. How did they know this? How could RpoN2 protein facilitate turning off the rpoN1 gene during symbiosis? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Symbiosis Presentation

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Symbiosis Presentation