The document summarizes the history and evolution of Church Square in Panaji, Goa, India. It describes how the area has developed from a marshy landscape in the 15th century under Muslim rule, to becoming the central business district and urban core of Panaji after the Portuguese invasion in 1510. Key events included the construction of a causeway connecting the area in 1632, the development of the urban grid and buildings in the 18th century, and the establishment of institutions like the medical school and market square in the late 19th century. The document traces the planning regulations and governance structure that have shaped the area over time under Portuguese colonial rule, the union territory period after 1961, and after statehood was achieved in
Ancient Indian cities had sophisticated town planning systems based on Vedic texts. Towns were classified by size, from small villages to large capital cities, and by shape, including rectangular, square, circular and mystic symbolic designs. Larger cities had defined areas for temples, tanks, palaces, markets and residential zones for different castes. Streets were arranged in a grid pattern with widths specified in ancient units of measurement. Overall town planning principles focused on providing resources, security and social organization according to religious scripts.
Ramadan in Egypt is a special time celebrated through religious customs and traditions. It is a month of fasting, prayer, charity and spending time with family and community. During Ramadan, many Egyptians visit important mosques and sacred sites. Cultural events are also popular, including concerts featuring religious music, folkloric dancing, and storytelling. Museums and historical sites plan new exhibits and developments to attract visitors during Ramadan.
The document describes various traditional village layout plans from ancient India. It discusses 8 different plans - Dandaka, Sarvatobhadra, Swastika, Nandyavarta, Chaturmukha, Karmuka, Prastara, and Padmaka. Each layout has distinct features such as shape, location of temples, streets, gates, and defensive structures like walls. Specific examples of historical cities like Jaipur and Madurai are also mentioned that exhibit elements of these traditional plans.
1. The document discusses the traditional planning of ancient cities, describing how early human settlements evolved from nomadic tribes to small hamlets and villages as agriculture and other skills developed. It outlines how religious, social, and governing institutions then emerged to manage these early urban areas.
2. Key aspects of traditional city planning are summarized, including the use of grid networks, definition of land uses, drainage systems, fortifications, and responsive architecture. Examples are provided of the Indus Valley civilization and ancient cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro that exhibited such planning through features like their layout, infrastructure, and buildings.
3. Possible reasons for the decline of the Indus civilization are then debated, such
The northern historical circuit of Ethiopia includes the towns of Aksum, Lalibela, Gondar, and Bahir Dar. Aksum is the oldest and birthplace of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, containing many historical structures from 500 BC to 500 AD. Lalibela is known for its rock-hewn churches carved out of bedrock in the 12th century. Gondar contains Portuguese-influenced castles and colorful churches. Bahir Dar sits on Lake Tana near the Blue Nile Falls and island monasteries. The region has over 3000 years of history preserved in its architectural, religious, and written contributions to Ethiopian civilization.
Study of city evolution- temple town Madurai Sulthan Ahamed
Madurai, located in Tamil Nadu, India, is an ancient city with a long history as the capital of the Pandyan Kingdom. Known as the "Athens of the East," the city evolved around the Meenakshi Amman Temple complex located at its center. Madurai was carefully planned according to traditional Indian principles with concentric streets radiating outward from the temple. Lower castes lived farther from the temple core. Today, Madurai remains an important economic, cultural, and transportation hub of Tamil Nadu renowned for its vibrant cultural life and traditions.
The document discusses the history of urban planning in India from ancient to modern times. Some of the key points covered include:
- Ancient cities developed along rivers for communication and security during the Indus Valley civilization.
- Vedic texts like Shilpshastra provided guidance on town layouts and infrastructure.
- Buddhist emperor Ashoka's minister Kautilya's text Arthashastra outlined principles like road alignments and zoning.
- Mughal cities like Agra and Delhi were expanded with new features like gardens and monuments.
- The British established colonial towns and hill stations with a focus on hygiene and climate.
- Post independence, planned new capital cities were developed like Chandig
The document summarizes the history and evolution of Church Square in Panaji, Goa, India. It describes how the area has developed from a marshy landscape in the 15th century under Muslim rule, to becoming the central business district and urban core of Panaji after the Portuguese invasion in 1510. Key events included the construction of a causeway connecting the area in 1632, the development of the urban grid and buildings in the 18th century, and the establishment of institutions like the medical school and market square in the late 19th century. The document traces the planning regulations and governance structure that have shaped the area over time under Portuguese colonial rule, the union territory period after 1961, and after statehood was achieved in
Ancient Indian cities had sophisticated town planning systems based on Vedic texts. Towns were classified by size, from small villages to large capital cities, and by shape, including rectangular, square, circular and mystic symbolic designs. Larger cities had defined areas for temples, tanks, palaces, markets and residential zones for different castes. Streets were arranged in a grid pattern with widths specified in ancient units of measurement. Overall town planning principles focused on providing resources, security and social organization according to religious scripts.
Ramadan in Egypt is a special time celebrated through religious customs and traditions. It is a month of fasting, prayer, charity and spending time with family and community. During Ramadan, many Egyptians visit important mosques and sacred sites. Cultural events are also popular, including concerts featuring religious music, folkloric dancing, and storytelling. Museums and historical sites plan new exhibits and developments to attract visitors during Ramadan.
The document describes various traditional village layout plans from ancient India. It discusses 8 different plans - Dandaka, Sarvatobhadra, Swastika, Nandyavarta, Chaturmukha, Karmuka, Prastara, and Padmaka. Each layout has distinct features such as shape, location of temples, streets, gates, and defensive structures like walls. Specific examples of historical cities like Jaipur and Madurai are also mentioned that exhibit elements of these traditional plans.
1. The document discusses the traditional planning of ancient cities, describing how early human settlements evolved from nomadic tribes to small hamlets and villages as agriculture and other skills developed. It outlines how religious, social, and governing institutions then emerged to manage these early urban areas.
2. Key aspects of traditional city planning are summarized, including the use of grid networks, definition of land uses, drainage systems, fortifications, and responsive architecture. Examples are provided of the Indus Valley civilization and ancient cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro that exhibited such planning through features like their layout, infrastructure, and buildings.
3. Possible reasons for the decline of the Indus civilization are then debated, such
The northern historical circuit of Ethiopia includes the towns of Aksum, Lalibela, Gondar, and Bahir Dar. Aksum is the oldest and birthplace of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, containing many historical structures from 500 BC to 500 AD. Lalibela is known for its rock-hewn churches carved out of bedrock in the 12th century. Gondar contains Portuguese-influenced castles and colorful churches. Bahir Dar sits on Lake Tana near the Blue Nile Falls and island monasteries. The region has over 3000 years of history preserved in its architectural, religious, and written contributions to Ethiopian civilization.
Study of city evolution- temple town Madurai Sulthan Ahamed
Madurai, located in Tamil Nadu, India, is an ancient city with a long history as the capital of the Pandyan Kingdom. Known as the "Athens of the East," the city evolved around the Meenakshi Amman Temple complex located at its center. Madurai was carefully planned according to traditional Indian principles with concentric streets radiating outward from the temple. Lower castes lived farther from the temple core. Today, Madurai remains an important economic, cultural, and transportation hub of Tamil Nadu renowned for its vibrant cultural life and traditions.
The document discusses the history of urban planning in India from ancient to modern times. Some of the key points covered include:
- Ancient cities developed along rivers for communication and security during the Indus Valley civilization.
- Vedic texts like Shilpshastra provided guidance on town layouts and infrastructure.
- Buddhist emperor Ashoka's minister Kautilya's text Arthashastra outlined principles like road alignments and zoning.
- Mughal cities like Agra and Delhi were expanded with new features like gardens and monuments.
- The British established colonial towns and hill stations with a focus on hygiene and climate.
- Post independence, planned new capital cities were developed like Chandig
The document summarizes the opening of the Avenue of Sphinxes in Luxor, Egypt in March 2012. It details the history and restoration of the 2,700 meter avenue lined with sculptures of sphinxes connecting Luxor and Karnak temples. The restoration project took nearly five years and unearthed artifacts along the avenue. The opening will allow visitors to experience the avenue and visit other nearby historical sites like Khonsu Temple and the tomb of King Mereneptah.
This document provides information on the planning of Islamic cities, specifically Islamabad, Pakistan and Shahjahanabad, India. It discusses how Islamabad was planned on a grid iron pattern with sectors divided by wide principal roads for different land uses. Shahjahanabad was planned according to Hindu principles with the Red Fort at the most auspicious junction, major mosques including the Jama Masjid, and markets around the Friday Mosque. Both cities featured hierarchical systems of streets and mosques to serve communities.
1. The document discusses the planning and design of a temporary tent city built for the Kumbh Mela, a large religious festival and pilgrimage that occurs every 12 years on the banks of the Ganges River in Allahabad, India.
2. Millions of pilgrims attend the festival, requiring the construction of a huge tent city to accommodate them. The tent city is designed to provide housing, sanitation, medical facilities, parking, and other services to pilgrims.
3. The author analyzes the site context and connectivity to the existing city, and discusses case studies of other tent cities and riverfront designs to inform the planning of the Kumbh Mela tent city.
The Mughal Empire ruled northern India from 1526 to 1707. Some key developments during this period included the construction of monumental architecture and cities like Agra and Delhi. Fatehpur Sikri was entirely planned by Akbar, and many gardens were developed, including Kabul Bagh and Shalimar Bagh. The Indus Valley civilization spanned from 3000 BC to 1300 BC in modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. Major cities like Mohenjo-Daro had advanced systems of town planning, with streets in a grid pattern and houses built around central courtyards. They developed new techniques in crafts and metallurgy. The Indus Valley culture collapsed due to an unknown catastrophe.
The document discusses the diverse architecture found across Africa, from ancient structures like the Great Pyramids of Egypt to more modern styles. It covers architectural traditions in North, West, East, Central, Southern, and medieval Africa. Key points include the use of local materials like mud bricks, wood, and thatch in many regions. Monumental structures include Great Zimbabwe and various royal palaces and fortified cities across Africa.
Heritage is valued globally and locally, for its value, impact, context and contribution it makes to a place and human settlements. Cities and settlements, with history and resources, remain valuable cultural resources. Such cities showcase a wide diversity in their morphology. Being products of different geographical contexts, specific historic times, characteristics and functions, such cities embody numerous “Systems” /“Sub-systems” with definite structures and hierarchies, performing their specific roles but operating together in an urban spatial entity. Planning, development and management of such cities have to be carried out with sensitivity, care and caution. The historic cities have to be viewed, both as source and repository of architectural and technical knowledge, for rediscovering, defining and describing the historicity of city and its heritage. Accordingly, history, geography, morphology and cultural components of Amritsar heritage need careful study and analysis before solutions for its preservation and conservation are put in place. Numerous development schemes are already in the process of implementation/in the pipeline. These schemes need study analysis and evaluation for their impact on valuable heritage. Considering the present political, economic and developmental scenario, Amritsar is witnessing a new resurgent era of enormous growth and development with lot of investment and people coming into the city. Real estate values are rising sharply resulting in rapid conversion of land uses and enormous development pressure on the city and its existing inadequate infrastructure. The pressure remains more pronounced within the walled city which houses large proportion of the valuable heritage. How these developmental pressures are rationalized /channelized for promoting the orderly growth and development of the city and its heritage, would hold the key to the future of the city as the home of all virtues, heartbeat of majha and repository of spiritual and national heritage.
The document discusses Islamic principles of city planning and the design of Shahjahanabad, a historic city in India. Some key points:
- Islamic city planning is guided by principles from the Quran and hadith, including not causing harm, respecting privacy, sharing water, and locating sources of smell/noise away from mosques.
- A typical Islamic city layout centers around a grand mosque, with souqs (markets), residential quarters, and a citadel. Narrow streets separate public and private spaces.
- Shahjahanabad was planned according to Hindu texts, with the Red Fort at the junction of its two main axes along the Yamuna River. It had an elaborate infrastructure including the fort
Chapter Four: The Traditional Architecture of China and JapanDouglas Vail
The document discusses the traditional architecture of China and Japan. It explains that Chinese architectural traditions were influenced by Daoism and Confucianism, which emphasized harmony with nature and order/respect for authority respectively. These traditions were later imported to Japan, where they blended with indigenous Shinto ideas focused on nature worship. Wood was a primary building material in both countries, and moveable partitions were used to blur interior and exterior spaces. The chapter goes on to provide numerous examples of specific architectural styles and structures from China and Japan.
Early Chinese civilizations developed along rivers like the Wei River Valley and Yellow River, which provided fertile soil, stable food supply, and water. Cities in China served as centers for agriculture, housing, trade, manufacturing, politics, culture, and administration. Chinese cities were carefully designed based on principles of feng shui, ying guo, and feng li to integrate architecture with nature, morality, and social harmony.
The document summarizes the history and architecture of Fort Kochi and Mattancherry in Kochi, India. It describes how the Portuguese, Dutch, and British controlled the area from the 16th to 20th centuries. Two notable sites discussed are the Paradesi Synagogue and Mattancherry Palace. The synagogue contains artifacts like Torah scrolls and porcelain tiles. The palace blends colonial and Kerala architectural styles. Narrow streets in the area are lined with buildings exhibiting pitched roofs, windows, and other traditional Kerala features. Issues like traffic and lack of green space are also addressed, along with recommendations to improve the area.
The capital of British India was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911. British architect Edwin Lutyens was tasked with planning and designing New Delhi. Lutyens designed an expansive garden city with wide avenues and classical buildings. Key elements of the design included the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Secretariat buildings, Parliament House, residential areas, and princely state palaces. However, the rapid growth of Old Delhi was not adequately planned for, leading to overcrowding and deterioration.
ISPER - 8th National Seminar - Presentation 23rd-24th April, 2014Malkit Singh
Presentation on "Ancient Civilisations and Sustainability of 20th Century New Capital Cities" prepared by Prof. Er. Jagjit Singh Ghuman, Formerly Chief Town Planner and Head T&CP Dept., Govt. of Punjab in 8th National Seminar organised by ISPER, Panchkula, Haryana on 23rd-24th April, 2014
Roman cities town planning uploaded by Pankaj dhakad
submitted by
Mustafa Hasan
Pankaj Dhakad
Savy Soni
Shivangi Shrivastva
Vedant Chawla
Yashasvi Agrawal
Settlement pattern of town (Varanasi) brief history of city evolve , settlement of institution and residents, concepts of the main ghats , master plan of Varanasi
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering blood pressure, reducing muscle tension, and decreasing levels of stress hormones. Meditation has also been shown to improve focus and concentration while boosting mood.
Two clever students, a girl and a boy, figured out how to solve their problem after thinking about their sack of potatoes and their classmates. Rather than focus on past wrongs, they remembered the many times their classmates had been good friends to both of them.
This document is a hand-drawn map of Pte St. Charles Montreal, Canada from 1971. It was drawn by Joe Carter and Pieter Sijpkes. The map provides a visual representation of the area layout and landmarks from that time period.
The next logical step in our social evolution from family, to tribe, to city, to nation, is a world commonwealth of nations. Consciously or unconsciously, humanity has been engaged in an endeavour to create this world community.
Globalization is a sign that we are entering our long-awaited
stage of maturity. We are arriving at what has been variously called the New World Order, the Omega Point, the Global Village, Tian Xia Yi Jia (All Under Heaven One Family), the Grand Synthesis, the Kingdom of God on Earth, and so on;
It is no longer just a dream; the survival of the human race, in
fact, depends on constructing this New World Order.
If China is rich in material, cultural, and spiritual resources and potentialities; then it is important to understand China's maturation process and potential contributions as we face the challenges of the adult stage of our collective life. This book contains my thoughts, and references to those of others, collected so far, exploring this theme.
A picture emerges; the more the definition of modernization
and prosperity includes spiritual development - as well as material - the more the collective endeavour humanity faces seems feasible, and the more apparent will China's potential contributions be.
Sheff Lecture presented by Joe Carter at McGill University, School of Architecture, on November 24, 2014. Most of the presentation concerns Joe's almost thirty years of experience as an architect in China. It also includes some of his Canadian experience before going to China, in Montreal and Newfoundland.
The document summarizes the opening of the Avenue of Sphinxes in Luxor, Egypt in March 2012. It details the history and restoration of the 2,700 meter avenue lined with sculptures of sphinxes connecting Luxor and Karnak temples. The restoration project took nearly five years and unearthed artifacts along the avenue. The opening will allow visitors to experience the avenue and visit other nearby historical sites like Khonsu Temple and the tomb of King Mereneptah.
This document provides information on the planning of Islamic cities, specifically Islamabad, Pakistan and Shahjahanabad, India. It discusses how Islamabad was planned on a grid iron pattern with sectors divided by wide principal roads for different land uses. Shahjahanabad was planned according to Hindu principles with the Red Fort at the most auspicious junction, major mosques including the Jama Masjid, and markets around the Friday Mosque. Both cities featured hierarchical systems of streets and mosques to serve communities.
1. The document discusses the planning and design of a temporary tent city built for the Kumbh Mela, a large religious festival and pilgrimage that occurs every 12 years on the banks of the Ganges River in Allahabad, India.
2. Millions of pilgrims attend the festival, requiring the construction of a huge tent city to accommodate them. The tent city is designed to provide housing, sanitation, medical facilities, parking, and other services to pilgrims.
3. The author analyzes the site context and connectivity to the existing city, and discusses case studies of other tent cities and riverfront designs to inform the planning of the Kumbh Mela tent city.
The Mughal Empire ruled northern India from 1526 to 1707. Some key developments during this period included the construction of monumental architecture and cities like Agra and Delhi. Fatehpur Sikri was entirely planned by Akbar, and many gardens were developed, including Kabul Bagh and Shalimar Bagh. The Indus Valley civilization spanned from 3000 BC to 1300 BC in modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. Major cities like Mohenjo-Daro had advanced systems of town planning, with streets in a grid pattern and houses built around central courtyards. They developed new techniques in crafts and metallurgy. The Indus Valley culture collapsed due to an unknown catastrophe.
The document discusses the diverse architecture found across Africa, from ancient structures like the Great Pyramids of Egypt to more modern styles. It covers architectural traditions in North, West, East, Central, Southern, and medieval Africa. Key points include the use of local materials like mud bricks, wood, and thatch in many regions. Monumental structures include Great Zimbabwe and various royal palaces and fortified cities across Africa.
Heritage is valued globally and locally, for its value, impact, context and contribution it makes to a place and human settlements. Cities and settlements, with history and resources, remain valuable cultural resources. Such cities showcase a wide diversity in their morphology. Being products of different geographical contexts, specific historic times, characteristics and functions, such cities embody numerous “Systems” /“Sub-systems” with definite structures and hierarchies, performing their specific roles but operating together in an urban spatial entity. Planning, development and management of such cities have to be carried out with sensitivity, care and caution. The historic cities have to be viewed, both as source and repository of architectural and technical knowledge, for rediscovering, defining and describing the historicity of city and its heritage. Accordingly, history, geography, morphology and cultural components of Amritsar heritage need careful study and analysis before solutions for its preservation and conservation are put in place. Numerous development schemes are already in the process of implementation/in the pipeline. These schemes need study analysis and evaluation for their impact on valuable heritage. Considering the present political, economic and developmental scenario, Amritsar is witnessing a new resurgent era of enormous growth and development with lot of investment and people coming into the city. Real estate values are rising sharply resulting in rapid conversion of land uses and enormous development pressure on the city and its existing inadequate infrastructure. The pressure remains more pronounced within the walled city which houses large proportion of the valuable heritage. How these developmental pressures are rationalized /channelized for promoting the orderly growth and development of the city and its heritage, would hold the key to the future of the city as the home of all virtues, heartbeat of majha and repository of spiritual and national heritage.
The document discusses Islamic principles of city planning and the design of Shahjahanabad, a historic city in India. Some key points:
- Islamic city planning is guided by principles from the Quran and hadith, including not causing harm, respecting privacy, sharing water, and locating sources of smell/noise away from mosques.
- A typical Islamic city layout centers around a grand mosque, with souqs (markets), residential quarters, and a citadel. Narrow streets separate public and private spaces.
- Shahjahanabad was planned according to Hindu texts, with the Red Fort at the junction of its two main axes along the Yamuna River. It had an elaborate infrastructure including the fort
Chapter Four: The Traditional Architecture of China and JapanDouglas Vail
The document discusses the traditional architecture of China and Japan. It explains that Chinese architectural traditions were influenced by Daoism and Confucianism, which emphasized harmony with nature and order/respect for authority respectively. These traditions were later imported to Japan, where they blended with indigenous Shinto ideas focused on nature worship. Wood was a primary building material in both countries, and moveable partitions were used to blur interior and exterior spaces. The chapter goes on to provide numerous examples of specific architectural styles and structures from China and Japan.
Early Chinese civilizations developed along rivers like the Wei River Valley and Yellow River, which provided fertile soil, stable food supply, and water. Cities in China served as centers for agriculture, housing, trade, manufacturing, politics, culture, and administration. Chinese cities were carefully designed based on principles of feng shui, ying guo, and feng li to integrate architecture with nature, morality, and social harmony.
The document summarizes the history and architecture of Fort Kochi and Mattancherry in Kochi, India. It describes how the Portuguese, Dutch, and British controlled the area from the 16th to 20th centuries. Two notable sites discussed are the Paradesi Synagogue and Mattancherry Palace. The synagogue contains artifacts like Torah scrolls and porcelain tiles. The palace blends colonial and Kerala architectural styles. Narrow streets in the area are lined with buildings exhibiting pitched roofs, windows, and other traditional Kerala features. Issues like traffic and lack of green space are also addressed, along with recommendations to improve the area.
The capital of British India was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911. British architect Edwin Lutyens was tasked with planning and designing New Delhi. Lutyens designed an expansive garden city with wide avenues and classical buildings. Key elements of the design included the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Secretariat buildings, Parliament House, residential areas, and princely state palaces. However, the rapid growth of Old Delhi was not adequately planned for, leading to overcrowding and deterioration.
ISPER - 8th National Seminar - Presentation 23rd-24th April, 2014Malkit Singh
Presentation on "Ancient Civilisations and Sustainability of 20th Century New Capital Cities" prepared by Prof. Er. Jagjit Singh Ghuman, Formerly Chief Town Planner and Head T&CP Dept., Govt. of Punjab in 8th National Seminar organised by ISPER, Panchkula, Haryana on 23rd-24th April, 2014
Roman cities town planning uploaded by Pankaj dhakad
submitted by
Mustafa Hasan
Pankaj Dhakad
Savy Soni
Shivangi Shrivastva
Vedant Chawla
Yashasvi Agrawal
Settlement pattern of town (Varanasi) brief history of city evolve , settlement of institution and residents, concepts of the main ghats , master plan of Varanasi
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering blood pressure, reducing muscle tension, and decreasing levels of stress hormones. Meditation has also been shown to improve focus and concentration while boosting mood.
Two clever students, a girl and a boy, figured out how to solve their problem after thinking about their sack of potatoes and their classmates. Rather than focus on past wrongs, they remembered the many times their classmates had been good friends to both of them.
This document is a hand-drawn map of Pte St. Charles Montreal, Canada from 1971. It was drawn by Joe Carter and Pieter Sijpkes. The map provides a visual representation of the area layout and landmarks from that time period.
The next logical step in our social evolution from family, to tribe, to city, to nation, is a world commonwealth of nations. Consciously or unconsciously, humanity has been engaged in an endeavour to create this world community.
Globalization is a sign that we are entering our long-awaited
stage of maturity. We are arriving at what has been variously called the New World Order, the Omega Point, the Global Village, Tian Xia Yi Jia (All Under Heaven One Family), the Grand Synthesis, the Kingdom of God on Earth, and so on;
It is no longer just a dream; the survival of the human race, in
fact, depends on constructing this New World Order.
If China is rich in material, cultural, and spiritual resources and potentialities; then it is important to understand China's maturation process and potential contributions as we face the challenges of the adult stage of our collective life. This book contains my thoughts, and references to those of others, collected so far, exploring this theme.
A picture emerges; the more the definition of modernization
and prosperity includes spiritual development - as well as material - the more the collective endeavour humanity faces seems feasible, and the more apparent will China's potential contributions be.
Sheff Lecture presented by Joe Carter at McGill University, School of Architecture, on November 24, 2014. Most of the presentation concerns Joe's almost thirty years of experience as an architect in China. It also includes some of his Canadian experience before going to China, in Montreal and Newfoundland.
The Needs of Our Age: Chinese and Baha'i Viewpoints Joe Carter
This presentation explores and compares the Chinese and Baha'i viewpoints on the needs of our age: in particular the need to enlarge our consciousness and our allegiance to include the whole planet; and the need to build a global community that is both materially and spiritually advanced, and that draws on all of our collective heritage.
The document discusses the provincial style of architecture in Bengal between 1203-1573 CE. It focuses on the Chota Sona Masjid built in Chapai Nawabganj, Bangladesh between 1493-1519 CE. The mosque was constructed under Sultan Hussain Shah and is notable for its fifteen domes that were once gold-plated, giving it its name. The document provides detailed descriptions of the architectural features and decorative elements of the Chota Sona Masjid.
History of Architecture - Vedic and Buddhist ArchitectureSachith Pagidi
Indus valley civilization and its introduction to the planning
Buddhist architecture stupas, vihara halls, chaitya halls, sthambas, and its way to temple architecture and evolution.
The document discusses how pyramids in ancient Egypt served religious purposes as tombs for pharaohs and queens. Building pyramids required immense labor from Egyptians and affected their lives through the exhaustive construction process. Pyramids provide insights into ancient Egyptian civilization as they demonstrate the Egyptians' devotion to their rulers, architecture skills, and status as wealthy and powerful at the time.
INDIAN ARCHITECTURE - A SYNTHESIS AND FUSION OF DIVERSE CULTURES AND BELIEFSJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to bring out the architectural glory of India during various periods of History defining typologies of buildings, objectives , materials and technologies used in construction
Indian Architecture- A Synthesis of Diverse Culture and BeliefsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to give an overview of the Indian architecture and its growth and genesis through various period of history showcasing the factors which led to its growth
The document provides a summary of Harmony Street in Malacca, Malaysia. It describes how the street got its name due to the tolerance and coexistence of Buddhists, Hindus, and Muslims who worship at temples and mosques along the street. It highlights several significant religious buildings constructed in the 18th century that represent the multi-ethnic communities, including Cheng Hoon Teng Temple (1646), Kampung Kling Mosque (1748), and Sri Poyyatha Vinayagar Temple (1781). The document also discusses traditional trades that still exist on the street and the cultural influences represented by each community that has lived harmoniously there for centuries.
Indian architecture has evolved over 4,500 years, with influences from the Harappan, Vedic, Buddhist, Jain, and later periods. The Harappans demonstrated advanced town planning and engineering skills in their cities. Buddhism and Jainism influenced the development of stupas, viharas, and chaityas to mark important sites in Buddha's life. Under the Guptas, the first free-standing Hindu temples were constructed, beginning a golden age of Indian temple architecture. Indian architecture is thus a synthesis of indigenous styles and external influences that has developed uniquely over millennia.
Indian monuments and architecture quizVikram Joshi
The document discusses various Indian monuments and architectural sites, providing details about each:
1) The first Islamic structure in India employing true domes and arches was the Alai Darwaza gate at the Qutb complex in Delhi.
2) The Dhakeshwari temple in Dhaka, Bangladesh, which gave the city its name.
3) The Pancha Rathas in Mahabalipuram dedicated to the five Pandavas and Draupadi.
4) The Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health in Vailankanni, Tamil Nadu, known as the "Lourdes of the East".
The document summarizes the planning and development of Shahjahanabad, the capital city established by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1638. Key elements included the Red Fort, which served as the imperial palace complex; the Jama Masjid, the principal mosque; and two main boulevards, Chandni Chowk and Faiz Bazaar. The city was laid out according to geometric principles with walled boundaries and gates. While public spaces like streets and markets were planned, residential areas developed organically without centralized planning. The new capital represented an ideal city design intended to reflect Mughal power and culture.
This document summarizes a report on heritage tourism at the Capitol Complex in Chandigarh, India. It provides background on the architect Le Corbusier and discusses the key buildings he designed at the complex, including the Secretariat, Legislative Assembly, High Court, and monuments like the Open Hand. The report outlines the objectives and methodology of studying heritage tourism, noting that it can strengthen local economies and cultural pride if managed sustainably. In conclusion, it states that heritage tourism plays an important role in maintaining cultural identity and traditions.
The document summarizes some of India's World Heritage Sites as recognized by UNESCO. It discusses 29 total sites, including 23 cultural sites and 6 natural sites. Some of the sites highlighted include the Ajanta Caves, Agra Fort, Kaziranga National Park, Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, Mahabodhi Temple Complex, Humayun's Tomb, Qutub Minar, Red Fort Complex, Churches and Convents of Goa, Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, Group of Monuments at Hampi, Group of Monuments in Pattadakal, Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, Khajuraho
Punjab is a culturally rich region with a long history. The major cities - Lahore, Rawalpindi, Multan, and Taxila - each offer historical sites dating back to various empires that ruled the region. Lahore has numerous grand Mughal-era monuments, including the Badshahi Mosque and Lahore Fort. Taxila was home to one of the earliest known universities and contains well-preserved Buddhist structures. The diverse culture is also reflected in the local cuisine and crafts of the Punjab region.
Group 11's project focuses on Taxila, an ancient city located in modern-day Pakistan. Taxila was an important trade center from 1000 BC to 1000 AD, under several different empires. The archaeological site contains 18 important cultural sites from Taxila's history, including the 2nd century CE Jaulian Stupa, known for its elaborate decorations. Taxila is also notable as the site of Takshashila University, considered the world's oldest university established around 2700 years ago, where over 60 fields of study were offered. Today, Taxila remains an archaeological region offering insight into its rich past.
This document lists 25 cultural and 7 natural heritage sites in India that have been declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. It provides brief descriptions of several of the cultural sites, including key details about their historical significance, architectural features, and the time periods they were built. It also lists the year each site was declared a World Heritage Site. The sites represent a diverse range of cultural and architectural styles spanning Buddhist, Hindu, Jain and Islamic influences over centuries.
Pakistan has many important cultural and sacred places due to its diverse religious history. Some key sites include the Shah Faisal Mosque in Islamabad, the Royal Fort and Wazir Khan's Mosque in Lahore that were centers of the Mughal Empire, and various Buddhist ruins like Takht-i-Bhai that show Gandhara civilization's influence. Pakistan also has several UNESCO World Heritage sites reflecting its rich cultural past, such as the fort and gardens in Lahore and Taxila's ancient university ruins.
Pakistan has a wealth of important cultural and sacred sites from various religions throughout its four provinces and territories. Some of the most significant include:
- In Islamabad, the iconic Shah Faisal Mosque as well as various parks and gardens.
- In Lahore, the ancient Royal Fort and Wazir Khan's Mosque dating back to the Mughal Empire, as well as the historic Shalimar Gardens.
- In Karachi, the largest single-dome mosque Masjid-e-Tooba and various churches like St. Patrick's Cathedral.
- In the north, Gandhara archaeological sites like Taxila which show the influence of Buddhism and Greek culture, as
National & international heritage buildingKaiserin Tania
The document provides information about two heritage buildings - the Shat Gombuj Mosque in Bangladesh and Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey. It describes the architectural features and history of the Shat Gombuj Mosque, including that it was built in the 15th century and has 77 domes. It also outlines the history of Hagia Sophia, including that it was originally a Christian church, later a mosque, and is now a museum. It has changed functions and architectural features over time as a result.
The Orheiul Vechi museum complex consists of natural and man-made sites forming an exceptional landscape in Moldova. Within the complex are remnants of fortifications and settlements dating from the 10th century BC to the 19th century AD, including Thracian-Geto-Dacian walls, a 14th century medieval citadel, and traditional peasant houses. The complex provides a glimpse into the diverse history and cultures that have inhabited the region over millennia. Today it is an open-air museum conserving the area's archaeological treasures and architectural heritage.
MAJOR TOURIST ATTRACTION PLACES:PART THREETag Tour
The northern historical circuit of Ethiopia includes four important towns - Aksum, Lalibela, Gondar, and Bahir Dar. Aksum is the oldest and birthplace of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, reputed burial place of the Ark of the Covenant. Lalibela is known for its rock-hewn churches carved out of monolithic rock in the 12th century. Gondar was founded in the 17th century and is known for its Portuguese-influenced castles. Bahir Dar sits on Lake Tana and provides access to the Blue Nile Falls and island monasteries. The northern region has contributed significantly to Ethiopia's history, culture, and religion over the past 3,000
Similar to Social Sustainability: Civic Centers and PODS (20)
Chinese & islamic contributions to global civilization enJoe Carter
The document discusses the contributions of Chinese and Islamic civilizations to global development. It notes that China was a leader in many fields, including agriculture, astronomy, engineering, and medicine, until around 1200 AD. Many key inventions originated in China and spread to other parts of the world through trade and the translation of knowledge, facilitated by Islam. The document discusses several important figures, including Saʿd ibn Abī Waqqās, one of the earliest converts to Islam who led an envoy to China in 651 AD and is buried there. It outlines the transmission of knowledge from China to Europe over centuries and the role of the Islamic Golden Age from 750-1258 AD in advancing knowledge in many fields.
City Structure and the Shape of Community 2018 12 08Joe Carter
An exploration of East-West urban spatial order and the transition in China from an extended family compound (the courtyard house) to a multi-family self-administered compound (modern housing estate); from an extended family community to an urban residential community.:
The courtyard is a deep-seated Eastern pattern, that is persisting and re-appearing - at a larger scale and higher density - in the residential compounds that are the basic building blocks of China’s recent urban explosion. The social scale has also expanded. The courtyard house was originally designed for the extended family; the new residential compound courtyards are for a neighbourhood, an emerging and increasingly self-managed urban territory and social unit.
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And another statement by Shoghi Effendi, the grandson of Abdu'l-Baha:
“China, a land which has its own world and civilization, whose people (in 1923) constitute one-fourth of the population of the globe, which ranks foremost among all nations
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This document discusses some social aspects of sustainability. It begins by noting that while sustainability is often discussed in terms of architecture, planning, construction, and tourism, it also has important social dimensions that are sometimes overlooked. These include socio-economic and equity considerations.
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[DOCUMENT]:
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This document summarizes a lecture given at Tianjin University on the Chinese way of building cities. It discusses research done at McGill University comparing urban structure in Beijing and Montreal at the scale of one square kilometer. The research looks at density, land use, street networks, and block sizes. In Beijing, land is divided into large mixed-use residential compounds, while Montreal has lower densities and more separation of uses. The lecture explores how these differences shape urban form and community life.
Beijing China Courtyard House 2017 02 22Joe Carter
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Joe Carter, a graduate of the School of Architecture, McGill (1972) lived in China (mostly in Beijing) for thirty years (1985-2015). This presentation is in five parts, and discusses the Chinese courtyard house primarily in the context of Beijing.
Part 1 is a brief introduction at the typology and construction of the courtyard house.
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Part 3 looks at the above patterns as an urban spatial order.
Part 4 describes some of the efforts at preservation and regeneration in old Beijing.
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A collection of mixed media work on paper including some collage.
He Hongyu is an artist based in Beijing, China and Montreal, Canada.
Email: he.hongyu@hotmail.com
A collection of mixed media work on paper including some collage.
He Hongyu is an artist based in Beijing, China and Montreal, Canada.
Email: he.hongyu@hotmail.com
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A collection of mixed media work on paper including some collage.
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Email: he.hongyu@hotmail.com
This small book is the result of a two week exercise to introduce students to the richness and depth of thought contained in the Dao De Jing, the primary text of Daoism. This small volume is said to contain, by some scholars, the cultural genes of China. The students were invited to a select a few passages that interested them and then express their understandings in a non-verbal form. The understanding thus gained were applied to the assignment for the remainder of the term, the design of a Daoist Learning Center in the hills north of Beijing, near the Great Wall. See Daoist Learning Center (2)
ONE SQ. KM. / SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTUREJoe Carter
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This book records the exploration by our seminar group at McGill University School of Architecture: Course Arch 540, Selected Topics, Winter Term, 2015.
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Twelve proposals for a Daoist Learning Center for a site just north of the Great Wall were designed by students in a design class at the McGill University School of Architecture in the Winter Term of 2015. This slide show contains selections from their work. The class was led by Joe Carter and He Hong Yu, architects from Beijing, China. The results of an exercise to immerse ourselves in the Daoist text, the Dao De Jing, can be seen in "Daoist Learning Center (1)".
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China's sacred literature provides guidance for social development and achieving the Great Unity.
The literature describes the goal of the Great Unity as a world of universal harmony, fairness, and shared prosperity. It advocates cultivating virtue and selecting leaders based on talent and ability.
The Great Learning outlines the path to achieve social transformation through individual self-cultivation and investigation of reality starting from the self and expanding to family, society, and the world. It emphasizes developing one's character through education and participating in positive social change.
China's traditional vision sees development as a reciprocal process between bettering oneself and helping others, with individual cultivation necessary to transform society for the benefit of all.
China’s sacred literature is an important part of humanity’s collective spiritual heritage. In a world “weary for want of a pattern of life to which to aspire” , it is a valuable source of insights into the urgent needs of our day, not only for China but for the rest of the world as well.
1. 市民中心
为了人类居住点的社会和环境的可持续发展
而建造的实体结构和制度结构
Civic Centers
A Proposed Physical and Institutional Structure
for the Social and Environmental Sustainability
of Human Settlements
2012 06 25
2. 1.
市民中心 : 历史先例
CIVIC CENTERS:
Historical Precedents
2.
市民中心 : 社会发展 与社区建设
CIVIC CENTERS:
Social Development & Community-Building
.
3.
市民中心 : 城市与小镇 规划
CIVIC CENTERS:
City and Town Planning
3. 1.
市民中心 : 历史先例
CIVIC CENTERS:
Historical Precedents
2.
市民中心 : 社会发展 与社区建设
CIVIC CENTERS:
Social Development & Community-Building
.
3.
市民中心 : 城市与小镇 规划
CIVIC CENTERS:
City and Town Planning
4. The Emperor, the Representative of Heaven, (spiritual and temporal authority combined as one)
is located at the center of the city. Old Beijing’s city plan and the Forbidden City are based on this model
. In the Chinese model of an ideal city, there is a coherence of spiritual and material authority.
China did not experience the same early rupture of reason and faith, “church” and state as in the West.
历史先例 Historical Precedents
5. The drum towers provide venues for the whole
village to discuss and settle important matters,
hold important festivals or entertainments
such as singing and playing wind instruments.
A leather drum is placed in the drum tower.
When there are important things to talk about,
the drum is beaten by a respected village
leader to summon the villagers. There is a fire
on the ground where a fire burns almost all
year round.
Community Centers in Guizhou, Dong Minority Village
历史先例 Historical Precedents
6. Drum Tower
Drum Tower Drum Tower
Drum Tower
Drum Tower
Drum Tower Community Centers in Guizhou, Dong Minority Village
历史先例 Historical Precedents
7. The Mandala pattern was used by astronomer-King Sawai Jai Singh (1700-1743), India.
In the center are the Palace Complex and Observatory.
历史先例 Historical Precedents
8. The word “mandala” is from the classical Indian
language of Sanskrit, loosely translated to mean “circle“.
It represents wholeness, and can be seen as a model for
the organizational structure of life itself--a cosmic
diagram that reminds us of our relation to the infinite.
Mandala
历史先例 Historical Precedents
9. Civic Center in Ancient Athens (Greece), The Agora
A cluster of spiritual, political , educational, and commercial institutions
历史先例 Historical Precedents
10. Civic Center in Ancient Athens (Greece), The Agora
历史先例 Historical Precedents
11. Civic Center in Ancient Rome, The Forum
历史先例 Historical Precedents
12. Gur city is a circle-shaped city with diameter of 2 kilometres. The city is divided into 61 parts by 20 radial
walls and 3 concentric circles. The core circle is 450 meters in diameter. Most probably important
buildings such as ceremonial, religious, and governmental departments were in this area, remains of two
of which can still be seen in the area. One of them is the famous mihrab (altar) which is located just in the
centre of the circle and the other is known as the seat monument which must have been a big Zoroastrian
temple.
Gur, Iran. Founded by Ardeshir I ( 224-651 CE), the founder of the Sasanian Dynasty
历史先例 Historical Precedents
13. In 762 AD, construction began on Mansur. The city was designed as a circle about 2.7 km in diameter,
leading it to be known as the "Round City". The original design shows as single ring of residential and
commercial structures along the inside of the city walls, but the final construction added another ring
inside the first. Within the city there were many parks, gardens, villas, and promenades. In the center
of the city lay the mosque, as well as headquarters for guards. The purpose or use of the remaining
space in the center is unknown.
City of Al- Mansoor, Baghdad (762)
历史先例 Historical Precedents
14. City of Al- Mansoor, Baghdad (762)
历史先例 Historical Precedents
15. Institutions of
Spiritual and
Temporal Authority
Residential
Commercial
(assumed)
City of Al- Mansoor, Baghdad (762)
历史先例 Historical Precedents
16. Devotion
Education
English Medieval Monastery
历史先例 Historical Precedents
23. Devotion
Education
Ince Madrassah (1260-65)
历史先例 Historical Precedents
24. The Süleymaniye Mosque
was built on the order of
Sultan Suleyman
(the Magnificent) and
designed by Sina Pasha.
Construction work began
in 1550 and was finished
in 1558.
Suleymaniye Mosque, Istanbul, Turkey (1558)
历史先例 Historical Precedents
27. The Baha’i Mashriqu’l-Adhkar, A Temple surrounded by “dependencies”
巴哈伊灵曦堂建筑群,包括礼拜堂及其周围的附属建筑
历史先例 Historical Precedents
28. 阿博都巴哈提到,
灵曦堂建筑群应包括即将建立的附属建筑,包括:
•医院
•救济穷人的药房
•接待旅人的馆舍
•教导孤儿的学校
•老弱病残者之家
•高等研究的大学
•及其他慈善建筑
所有这些都将向所有种族、民族和宗教的人开放。
The Baha’i Mashriqu’l-Adhkar, including a central House of Worship, or Temple, and the complex of
buildings surrounding it, is to be at the heart of every Bahá’í community. The surrounding buildings, or
“dependencies” are to include educational and humanitarian service institutions open to people of all
religions: a hospital, drug dispensary for the poor, travelers’ hospice, school for orphans, home for the
elderly, infirm and disabled, university for advanced studies, and other philanthropic buildings; in addition,
community administration offices with a secretariat, treasury, archives, library, publishing office, assembly
hall, and council chamber. The dependencies surrounding the Temple link worship to service to humanity;
the prayers …. within the Temple are translated into deeds of compassion, care, and education in the world
outside.
历史先例 Historical Precedents
29. The Mashriqu’l-Adhkár Temples built so far, such as this one in New Delhi, India,
allow for expansion, for the addition of the dependencies.
灵曦堂用以扩建其附属建筑的土地
历史先例 Historical Precedents
31. Schools are located along the Grand Avenue or in the surrounding countryside.
Social and humanitarian institutions are located in the surrounding countryside.
历史先例 Historical Precedents
32. Schools are located along the Grand Avenue.
The Culturally-oriented Civic center includes:
Town Hall, Museum-Gallery, Hospital, Library, Theater, and Concert Hall
历史先例 Historical Precedents
33. Elementary School
Junior High School
Senior High School
Plan by Jose Sert
A hierarchy of community centers organized around education
历史先例 Historical Precedents
34. Sweden: A hierarchy of community centers organized around education and social centers
历史先例 Historical Precedents
35. Temple
Kindergarten
Center for Elderly
加内施纳格尔社区: 5.3 公顷, 1200 户居民,人口总数 7000 人 /5.3 化顷= 1300 人 / 公顷
Map of Ganeshnagar, Pune, 历史先例 Historical Precedents
drawn in 1989.
37. 研究与文化中心
Research and Culture Center
学校
School
四川羌族杨柳村( 2010 重建)
Qiang Minority
Yang Liu Village
(Reconstructed 2010)
Sichuan
历史先例 Historical Precedents
38. Kindergarten
Central Green Space
Elementary School
Nan Mo Fang Residential Community, Beijing, 1995.
Planning law requires community service buildings, particularly for education.
历史先例 Historical Precedents
39. 1.
市民中心 : 历史先例
CIVIC CENTERS:
Historical Precedents
2.
市民中心 : 社会发展 与社区建设
CIVIC CENTERS:
Social Development & Community-Building
.
3.
市民中心 : 城市与小镇 规划
CIVIC CENTERS:
City and Town Planning
40. 市民中心 : 社会发展 与社区建设
CIVIC CENTERS: Social Development & Community-Building
Extended
.
任务: 塑造人的能力。培育个人、社区和制度的建设性变革。
41. The enterprise of
building human capacity, 促进塑造人类的能力以培育
of fostering constructive
• individual, 社会发展 • 个人、
• community and • 社区与
• institutional
change,
• 机构的
is increasingly
being recognized 建设性转变
as the fundamental 是发展的根本目的
purpose of
development. 这日益 成为人们的共识。
机构
个人 社区
Social Development and Community-Building: The Individual, The Community, Institutions
社会发展 与社区建设:个人,社区和机构
Science, Religion and Development: Some Initial Considerations, Prepared by the Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity
42. 个人 , 社区 , 机构的新定义
A New Definition of the INDIVIDUAL, COMMUNITY, and INSTITUTIONS
转变周期 新世界秩序
古代
时代
社会演变 Social Evolution
43. 三种社会关系 Three Kinds of Social Relationships
Social Characteristics World View Emotional and Relationships
Character Intellectual with Others
Characteristics
1. Authoritarian Power- oriented Dichotomous Rigidity Authoritarian
Perceptions Submission
2. Indulgent Pleasure-oriented Indiscriminate Promiscuity Anarchic
Perceptions Relationships
3. Integrative Growth-oriented Unity in Diversity Creativity Responsibility and
Cooperation
Chart by psychologist Dr. Hossain Danesh
人格类型 情感与理智特
特征 世界观 与他人的关系
( 民族性格 征
)
专制型 以权力为导向 二元分立的感知 刻板僵化 屈从于专制
无法无天的关
放纵型 以享乐为导向 不加分辨的感知 混乱
系
整合型 以成长为导向 存多样求团结 有创造性 负责与合作
Challenge: To Mature from authoritarian to “integrative” social relations
44. 个人的新定义(负责任的提倡者)
当我们对“发展目标”再下定义的时候﹐重新审视当事人在
发展过程中所扮演的角色是很必要的。各层政府机构在
社会发展方面的重 要作用不言而喻。然而﹐在一个称颂
平等主义原则以及相关的民主原则的时代里﹐发展规划应把
广大民众视为援助和训练的接受者﹐远而我们的后代将会对
此感到不可理解。尽 管“民众参与”是公认的原则﹐然而留
给世界绝大多数 人民的决策范围充其量是次要性的:他们的
抉择范围被高不可及的机构所规定﹐并常常受那些与他们的
现实观 背道而驰的目标所制约。
A New Definition of the INDIVIDUAL (The Responsible Protagonist)
“Future generations, however, will find almost incomprehensible the circumstance
that, in an age paying tribute to an egalitarian philosophy and related
democratic principles, development planning should view
the masses of humanity as essentially recipients of benefits from aid and training.
Despite acknowledgement of participation as a principle,
the scope of the decision making left to most of the world's population
is at best secondary, limited to a range of choices formulated by agencies
inaccessible to them and determined by goals
that are often irreconcilable with their perceptions of reality.”
The Prosperity Of Humankind, A Statement Prepared by the Baháí International Community's Office of Public Information
45. 个人的新定义(负责任的主人翁)
个人的作用
个人的知识水平越高、学科面越广,
促进集体决策和集体行动的国际机制越多,
个人表达自身志向和需要的能力越强,
公民就越容易参与公共计划和政策的观念形成、具体实践
和效果评估方面,成为积极的参与者
。
A New Definition of the INDIVIDUAL (The Responsible Protagonist)
The Role of the Individual
“Higher levels of knowledge across an ever-expanding range of disciplines,
increasing international mechanisms
that promote collective decision-making and action,
and increasing ability to articulate their aspirations and needs,
makes it increasingly possible for citizens to become active participants
in the conceptualization, implementation, and evaluation
of public programs and policies.”
Science, Religion and Development: Some Initial Considerations, Prepared by the Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity
46. 个人的新定义(负责任的主人翁)
A New Definition of the INDIVIDUAL (The Responsible Protagonist)
"No calamity is greater than not knowing what is enough
No fault worse than wanting too much
Whoever knows what is enough
Has enough.
Attachment comes at wasteful cost;
Hoarding leads to a certain loss;
Knowing what is enough avoids disgrace;
Knowing when to stop secures from peril.
Only thus can you long last.
知足不辱,知止不殆,可以長久 .
( 知足于内而不争虚名,就不会有屈辱;知止于外而不贪得无厌,就不会有忧患。
如此可以使身体健康长寿。 )
Lao Zi, Dao De Jing, ch. 46 and 44
老子《道德经》节 46 及 44
"The sage does not hoard,
The more he does for others,
The more he has himself.
The more he gives,
The more he gets.
聖人不積,既以為人己愈有,既以與人己愈多 ;
( 圣人不为自己积攒什么:既然一切都是为了世人,自己就愈发拥有了;
既然一切都已给了世人,自己就愈发丰富了 .) Spiritual Heritages
Lao Zi, Dao De Jing, ch. 8
老子《道德经》 节 8
47. 个人的新定义(负责任的主人翁)
A New Definition of the INDIVIDUAL (The Responsible Protagonist)
婴儿 / 儿童 / 青年 / 成年 / 长者
Infant / Child / Youth / Adult / Senior
Served by Others Serving Others
接受他人服务 服务他人
幼小的和衰老的依靠他人的服务
The very young and the very old rely on the service of others.
成熟的标 志是有能力为他人服务。
A sign of maturity is the capacity to be of service to others.
服务 SERVICE
48. 社区的新定义
一个成熟和谐的社区定义为:
“ 文明的综合单位,由个人家庭和机构组成
是对体制、部门和组织的发起者和激励者、
机构和组织等为一个共同的目标、
为内部和外部的福祉而协同运作的个人、
家庭和机构组成;由多样化的、彼此互动的、
在为灵性和社会进步而不懈追求中实现团结的参与者组成。
A New Definition of COMMUNITY
We can define a mature harmonious community as….
“a comprehensive unit of civilization
composed of individuals, families and institutions
that are originators and encouragers of
systems, agencies and organizations
working together with a common purpose
for the welfare of people both within and beyond its borders;
it is a composition of diverse, interacting participants
that are achieving unity
in an unremitting quest for spiritual and social progress.”
The Universal House of Justice, The Four Year Plan, pp.34-35 世界正义院《四年计划》 34-35
49. 社区的新定义 A New Definition of COMMUNITY
国家
社区
家庭
在社区的层次上增加机构的一层,
以安全地、有效地、创造性地增加人类的能力
Add an institutional layer at the community level
to channel safely, productively, and creatively the increasing capacity of humanity.
50. 社区的新定义
A New Definition of COMMUNITY
The Human Body:
A Unified System
人体 : 一个统一的统系
Society is also
a Mutual Helpfulness System
社会也是一个相互帮助的统系
51. 机构的新定义
“ 如果统治机构确实能够为公民提供机会,
使他们有意义地参与公共事务和政策的
观念形成、具体实践和效果评估,
那么社团影响和应对变化的
能力必将大在增强。
事实就是如此,
无论机构是在村庄还是国际范围内运行。”
A New Definition of INSITUTIONS
“If governing institutions do, in fact,
provide for the meaningful
participation of citizens in the conceptualization,
implementation and evaluation
of public programs and policies,
then a community's capacity to effect
and manage change
will indeed be greatly enhanced.
This is true whether the institutions operate
at the village or international level”.
Science, Religion and Development: Some Initial Considerations,
Prepared by the Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity
摘自《科学、宗教与发展,最初始的考虑》全球繁荣研究所
52. 机构的新定义
“ 建立全球社会的诸多机构,从各层面上把社会凝聚起来、
形成结构上彼此连结的网络,
让这些机构,无论是地方性还是国际性机构,
都逐渐成为整个地球上的所有居民的宝贵财富,
在我看来,这是发展计划与策略中的首要挑战之一。
做不到这一点,恐怕全球化就会成为大众边缘化的同义词。”
Dr. Farzam Arbab, The Lab, the Temple, and the Market, IDRC, 2001.
摘自 法赞 . 阿巴布:《庙宇与市场》 2001
A New Definition of INSITUTIONS
“The creation of the institutions of a global society,
a web of interconnected structures that hold society together
at all levels, from local to international institutions that
gradually become the patrimony of all the inhabitants of
the planet is for me one of the major challenges of
development planning and strategy.
Without it, I fear, globalization will be synonymous with
the marginalisation of the masses.
Dr. Farzam Arbab, The Lab, the Temple, and the Market, IDRC, 2001.
Science, Religion and Development: Some Initial Considerations,
Prepared by the Institute for Studies in Global Prosperity
53. 市民中心 : 社会发展 与社区建设
CIVIC CENTERS: Social Development & Community-Building
市民中心在组织小区、城镇、城市时提供如下功能:
1. 提供机构框架,使服务型社会释放出来的能量得到和谐输导。
2. 提供社会结构,使社会理想转化成行动。
3. 提供社区建设途径,以实现城市发展。
4. 提供与中国思想更相符的发展模式,例如:
a) 个人进步和社会进步依赖于生命中物质与精神双方面的动态的、共同发展
(修身、齐家、治国、平天下)。
b) 个人内在生命的发展需要通过与社会的互动、通过为社会服务来实现。
c) 天国与尘世的和谐
5. 提供机会,使各机构之间实现一体性。
The use of Civic Centers to organize communities, towns, and cities provides:
.
11. The institutional framework to channel harmoniously, the energy released by a service-oriented society.
12. A unifying social structure for the translation of social ideals into action.
13. A community-building approach to urban development.
4. A model of development more in harmony with Chinese thought, for example:
- Individual and social progress depend on the dynamic co-development of the material and spiritual dimensions of life.
- Development of the inner life of the individual is through interaction with, and service to, the society around him.
- Harmony of Heaven and Earth
5. Opportunities for synergistic relations between the assembled institutions.
54. 市民中心: 人道机构和社会机构的步调一致的一个实例。
灵曦堂的建构不仅激发了“重振人类生命”的意识,还激励个人采取行动;
其附属建筑之间有一种积极的协作关系。
实例:机构统筹:东京市民中心的机构不仅促进一种自学和设想个人行动,
以重建人类生活 . 而且还使各个从居住部分主动融合。江户川区老人院与幼儿园相结合
CIVIC CENTERS: An example of synergy when humanitarian and social institutions are juxtaposed.
The Institution of the Civic Center will not only stimulate a consciousness
and inspire individual action “to regenerate the life of humanity”; it also
allows for positive synergies between the dependencies.
The following is an example of what could happen: Kotoen, Tokyo, Edogawa
district combines a home for the elderly and a kindergarten.
55. 举例:机构统筹:东京江户川区老人院与幼儿园相结合
An example of Institutional Synergy:
Kotoen, Tokyo, Edogawa district combines a home for the elderly and a kindergarten.
很多老年人选择在此居住,他们通过与孩子们交往找到了新的快乐。由此得享天伦之乐。
Many elderly choose to live here; they find a new happiness through their association with the children.
The family circle is complete again.
56. 举例:机构统筹:东京江户川区老人院与幼儿园相结合
An example of Institutional Synergy:
Kotoen, Tokyo, Edogawa district combines a home for the elderly and a kindergarten.
一起锻炼
Exercise together
57. 机构统筹
“ 我们发现一旦把两种设施结合起来,
儿童就开始学习如何照顾他人,
比如陪老人聊天。我们从这个经验中看到,
儿童正成长为更温暖、更仁爱的人。
对于老人来说,我们意识到通过与儿童交往,
他们正变得富有生气,其健康也在好转。
看着这些老人,很多我原以为已经失去欢笑
能力或思想表达能力的人,开始拥抱儿童,
跟他们快乐地笑谈,让我们意识到两个有关怀心
的人群建立令人感动的关系是多么重要。
Maeda Takumi, Kotoen Director
INSTITUTIONAL SYNERGY
“We found that once the two facilities were joined together,
the children began learning how to care for others
by talking and being who her older co-residents.
We could see that through this experience the children
were growing into warm and compassionate human beings.
For the elderly, we realized that through her association with the children,
They were becoming more alive and their health was improving.
Seeing these aged people, many of whom I thought had forgotten
how to laugh or even express their thoughts,
holding the children and happily talking with them,
brought home how important a touching relationship
can be between two caring people”
Maeda Takumi, Kotoen Director
58. 举例:机构统筹:东京江户川区老人院与幼儿园相结合
An example of Institutional Synergy:
Kotoen, Tokyo, Edogawa district combines a home for the elderly and a kindergarten.
爷爷给孩子们讲述过去的美好时光
Grandpa talks to the children about the good old days.
59. 举例:机构统筹:东京江户川区老人院与幼儿园相结合
An example of Institutional Synergy:
Kotoen, Tokyo, Edogawa district combines a home for the elderly and a kindergarten.
儿童为老奶奶画像
The children draw a picture of Grandma.
60. 举例:机构统筹:东京江户川区老人院与幼儿园相结合
An example of Institutional Synergy:
Kotoen, Tokyo, Edogawa district combines a home for the elderly and a kindergarten.
儿童帮助照顾老人
The children help take care of Grandma
61. PROXIMITY of INSTITUTIONS “Civic Buildings should be grouped together…….
‘It has too often been the case, in the history of
cities, that their Cultural Institutes have been
postponed until adequate sites for them are no
longer obtainable. Modern cities (British and
American especially) are thus discovering their
needs when too late adequately to supply them at
great expense, and then in too scattered locations.’
His point is that it was vital to ensure the
proximity of these institutes, so as to
prevent their mutual forgetfulness, which in
time hardens into exclusiveness, and thus to
failure of usefulness all round: and just when
duly intelligent and understanding and
On January 7, 1913, Abdu’l-Baha
sympathetic cooperation are most required.
visited the "Outlook Tower”, an
educational institution in Edinburgh,
This condition of proximity, and for mutual
Scotland, guided by the learned interaction, is fundamentally necessary.’
scholar, Prof Patrick Geddes. Prof.
Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes, Social Evolutionist and City Planner,
Geddes gave Abdu’l-Baha a rousing Routledge, 1990, p.280.
reception. The Master praised his
energy and patience.
62. 市民中心
Municipal Government Civic Center Home for the
Humanitarian Institutions Elderly Hospital
Hospice
University / Schools Orphanage
The harmony of heavenEarth earth
Harmony of Heaven and and
63. 1.
市民中心 : 历史先例
CIVIC CENTERS:
Historical Precedents
2.
市民中心 : 社会发展 与社区建设
CIVIC CENTERS:
Social Development & Community-Building
.
3.
市民中心 : 城市与小镇 规划
CIVIC CENTERS:
City and Town Planning
64. 市民中心
不同规模的城镇与城市
围绕市民中心 + 步行距离
的社区之建设概念
CIVIC CENTERS:
Conceptual plans of towns and cities
of different sizes organized
around the concept of Civic Centers and
Pedestrian-Oriented Districts.
65. 市政府 (26 公顷 ) 大学( 30 公顷)
医院( 15 公顷)
孤儿院( 7 公顷)
旅馆( 7 公顷)
敬老院( 12 公顷)
慈善机构( 12 公顷)
一个市级水平的市民中心的典型内涵 , 以 30 万人口的城市为例
Typical Contents of a Municipal Level Civic Center
Example: City of 300,000 people
66. 城市级市民中心 半径 1000 米 面积 314 公顷
Civic Center: City Level
R = 1000m. Area 314 h.
67. 市区级 社区级
半径 R = 250 米 . 半径 R = 175 米 .
21 公顷 . 面积 10 公顷 .
半径 R = 1000 米 .
市民中心 : 城市级 , 市区级 , 社区级
面积 314 公顷 .
30 万人口的城市 City of 300,000 people
Assumption: Cities will have municipal, district, and community-level Civic Centers
The size of each type will be in proportion to the population.
Civic Center: Hierarchy of Sizes
68. 社区级
面积 10 公顷 .
半径 R = 175 米 .
市区级
21 公顷 .
半径 R = 250 米 .
Civic Center at District and Community Levels
70. “Walking” POD
Community
Assumption: People will need convenient access to the Civic Center. An easy 10
minute walk to the center, a distance of about 400 meters, defines a 50 hectare land
area. Using a typical Chinese urban residential density of 200 people per hectare, we
get a population of 10,000 people. The Civic Center can be reached by everyone
without the use of cars or public transport, inside this Pedestrian-Oriented District
(POD).
Community Level Mashriqu’l-Adkar at the center of a “Walking” POD community
71. Two City Centers
Civic Center CBD
步行距离的社区 + 市民中心
最小型的市民中心应建在步行范围内街区的中心地带,每个人都能很容易地到达。
这种小区市民中心的数量达到一定程度,就将形成一个城镇或市区的市民中心。
当市区的数量达到一定程度时,就可能形成市级的市民中心。
如此即可形成两极点式的城镇或城市:
一个极点是以社会发展为核心的市民中心,另一个极点是以商务为中心的商务区。
Civic Centers and PODs
• The smallest Civic Center is at the heart of an 800 meter diameter Pedestrian-Oriented District (POD)
allowing the Center to be within easy reach of everyone.
• When there are enough PODs to make a Town or a District of a City; it, in turn, has a Town or District
Level Civic Center.
• When there are enough Districts, it is possible to create a municipal level Civic Center.
• The result is a bi-polar town or city with the Civic Center focused on social development and the CBD
focused on business and commerce.
72. “Walking” POD
Community
District-Level
Civic Center
40,000 people
Four “Walking” Communities and a District-Level Civic Center
73. “Walking”
Community
District-Level
Civic Center
Municipal-Level
Civic Center
220,000 people
Five Districts and a Municipal-Level Civic Center
74. 市区级市民中心 步行导向型市区的市民中心
城市级市民中心
集中的商务区
Concentrated CBD
30 万人口的城市
垃圾处理
City of 300,000 people organized around Civic Centers and PODS
75. 市区级市民中心
District-level 步行导向型市区的市民中心
Civic Center Community-level
Civic Center
城市级市民中心
Municipal-level
Civic Center
城市绿色空间网络
垃圾处理
City of 300,000 people organized around Civic Centers and PODS
76. 街区市民中心 步行导向型市区的市民中心
街区
步行导向型市区
城市级市民中心
市区市民中心
30 万人口的城市
一个围绕着市民中心安排的城市的概念性规划
A conceptual plan of a city organized around Civic Centers
77. 快速直达环路
快速直达干道
居住
商业
市民中心
水面
工业
都市农业
人口在 30 万以上城市的交通概念规划
Transportation Concept Plan for a city of 300,000 people
78. Managed Growth: An original town becomes a District of the new City;
original villages become Communities within a new District
可控增长:一个现有的城镇发展成为一个新城市的社区;现在的村庄发展成为一个新市区里的小区。
District Heavy Industry
Civic Center
市民中心小区及
Industry
1
Heavy
1,2,3,4 原来都是村庄
1,2,3, and 4 4 市民中心
城市级 2
are Original Villages Original
City Civic
Town Center
Urban Forest
Heavy Industry
CBD
3
步行距离的社区 + 市民中心
Walking-Distance Community
with Civic Center
例子:七个新市区、一个现有市区(白色)和一个城市级市民中心
Example: Seven New Districts, One Existing District (white) and a City-Level Civic Center
94. 步行距离的社区 + 市民中心
Walking-Distance Community
with Civic Center
CBD
Heavy
Industry
市民中心小区及
Town Civic Center
Urban Forest
小镇 / 区:四个社区和一个区级市民中
心
Small Town / District : Four Communities and a District-Level Civic Center
95. 市民中心小区及 Industry
Town Civic Center
CBD
CBD
Urban Forest
Walking-Distance Community
with POD Civic Center
步行距离的社区 + 市民中心
Yuan Shang Du
大城镇 / 小城市:二个市区,每市区各有一个市民中心
Large Town / Small City: Two Districts each with District-Level Civic Center
96. 可控增长:一个现有的城镇发展成为一个新城市的社区;现在的村庄发展成为一个新市区里的小区。
Managed Growth: An original town becomes a District; original villages become Communities within a District
Heavy Industry Original town becomes CBD
CBD Original village becomes a POD
市民中心
城市级
Heavy
City Civic Industry
Center
Walking-Distance Community
with Civic Center
步行距离的社区 + 市民中心
District
Civic Center
Urban Forest 市民中心小区及
城市:六个市区和一个城市级市民中心
City: Six Districts and a City-Level Civic Center
97. 步行距离的社区 + 市民中心
Walking-Distance Community
with Civic Center
市民中心小区及
District Civic Center
市民中心
City Civic Center
Urban Forest
Heavy Industry
城市:十二个市区和一个城市级市民中心
City: Twelve Districts and a City-Level Civic Center
98. 市民中心小区及
步行距离的社区 + 市民中心
District Civic Center
Walking-Distance Community
with Civic Center
市民中心
City Civic
Center
CBD
CBD
Urban Forest
城市:十二个市区和一个城市级市民中心
City: Twelve Districts and a City-Level Civic Center