Survival English grammar

BASIC GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
1. Personal pronouns + verb TO BE + verb TO HAVE + other verbs
PRONOUM TO BE TO HAVE TO SPEAK
I Am Have Speak
You are Have speak
He Is Has Speaks
She Is Has Speaks
It Is Has Speaks
We Are Have Speak
You Are Have Speak
They Are have Speak
- Most verbs in English take a final “-s” to form the third person singular (loves,
works, plays).
- Verbs ending in /sh/, /ch/, /x/, /o/ or /ss/ and an “-e” before the “-s” (teaches,
washes, goes, does, fixes, kisses)
- Verbs ending in consonant + “-y” change “-y” to “-ies” (cry-cries, fly-flies, study-studies)
and ending in vowel + “-y” they maintain the “-y” (play, stay, say)
- Have is irregular (have-has)
The normal word order in English is SVO (Subject + Verb + Object):
SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
I am Spanish
We have different services
The spa costs fifteen euros
Children under 12 are free
This is the order in AFFIRMATIVE or POSITIVE.
For the NEGATIVE we use an AUXILIARY VERB and the particle NOT:
SUBJECT VERB 1 NOT VERB 2 OBJECT
I am not Spanish
We have not got different services
The spa does not cost fifteen euros
Children under 12 are not free
You do not speak French
Survival English, course 2014-2015 Grammar and vocabulary, page 1

We usually contract the form:
I’m not Spanish
We haven’t got different services
The spa doesn’t cost fifteen euros
Children under 12 aren’t free
You don’t speak French
We use HAVE differently in BrE (British English) and AmE (American English):
BrE: We have got two cats/ Have we got two cats? / We haven’t got two cats
AmE: We have two cats / Do we have two cats? / We don’t have two cats
YES/NO questions:
- to be, to have…: verb +subject + object
Example: He is Spanish ------------ Is he Spanish?
You have got a cat ----- Have you got a cat?
- other verbs: auxiliary + subject + verb +object
Example: I live in Sant Cugat ----- Do you live in Sant Cugat?
He plays football------- Does he play football?
The auxiliary is DO or DOES (3rd person singular) in PRESENT.
Different examples of word order in English:
Affirmative She is my friend
Negative She isn’t my friend / She isn’t my friend
Question Is she my friend?
Affirmative We have got a lot of books/ We have a lot of books*
Negative We haven’t got a lot of books/ We don’t have a lot of books *
Question Have we got a lot of books?/ Do we have a lot of books?*
Affirmative They live in a nice house
Negative They don’t live in a nice house
Question Do they live in a nice house?
Affirmative He drives his car every day
Negative He doesn’t drive his car every day
Question Does he drive his car every day?

2. Ordinal numbers
1 ONE 11 ELEVEN
2 TWO 12 TWELVE
3 THREE 13 THIRTEEN
4 FOUR 14 FOURTEEN
5 FIVE 15 FIFTEEN
6 SIX 16 SIXTEEN
7 SEVEN 17 SEVENTEEN
8 EIGHT 18 EIGHTEEN
9 NINE 19 NINETEEN
10 TEN 20 TWENTY
21 TWENTY-ONE 30 THIRTY
22 TWENTY-TWO 40 FOURTY
23 TWENTY-THREE 50 FIFTY
24 TWENTY-FOUR 60 SIXTY
25 TWENTY-FIVE 70 SEVENTY
26 TWENTY-SIX 80 EIGHTY
27 TWENTY-SEVEN 90 NINETY
28 TWENTY-EIGHT 100 A HUNDRED
29 TWENTY-NINE 1000 A THOUSAND
1435 A THOUSAND FOUR HUNDRED (AND) THIRTY-FIVE
721.011 SEVEN HUNDRED TWENTY-ONE THOUSAND (AND) ELEVEN
111.111 ONE HUNDRED ELEVEN THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED (AND) ELEVEN
3. Parts of the day, days, months, years
Parts of the day
Morning Before 12
Midday/Noon 12
Afternoon 12-18
Evening 18 and until you go to bed
Night When you go to bed or is really late
Midnight 00
Days of the week:
Sunday - Monday - Tuesday - Wednesday - Thursday - Friday - Saturday
(we start the week saying Sunday and not Monday in English)
Months of the year:
January, February, March,. April, May, June, July, August, September, October,
November, December
Seasons of the year: Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter

How to read years in English:
4. Pronunciation tips
listen: /lisen/ kiss /kis/ keys /ki:s/
often: /offen/ live /lif/ leave /li:f/
walk: /uoc/ shit /shit/ sheet /shi:t/
talk: /toc/ ship /ship/ sheep /shi:p/
often: /offen/ this: /dis/ these: /di:s/
live: /lif/ write: /rait/l
life: /laif/ right: /rait/
5. There is / There are
Singular: there is + a/an/one ….
Plural: there are + some/(number) …….
How many toys are there on the floor? There are three
Is there a dog in the picture? No, there isn’t any
6. Some / any
Any: in negatives and questions
Some: in affirmatives
Do you need any help? Yes, please. I need some help
No, thank you. I don’t need any.

7. Short answers
Has she got a pink T-shirt? No, she hasn’t got any
Do you speak English? Yes, I do
Are you American? Yes, I am
8. Basic verbs
To have + a meal: to have breakfast
to have lunch
to have dinner
to have a coffee/tea
to watch TV/a tennis match/a ski competition
to play a game
cards
the piano/violin/flute/drums
to ride a bike/a horse/ a scooter/ a motorbike
to drive a car/a bus/a train/a plane…
Phrasal verb: a verb which goes with certain prepositions:
to look at mirar
to look around donar un cop d’ull
to look after cuidar de (una persona, una casa, un animal, una planta, un
negoci…)
to look down to mirar de forma despectiva

VOCABULARY: THE FAMILY
Immediate Family
Masculine Feminine
father mother
son daughter
brother sister
husband wife
When you have children, you are a parent. One collective word to describe brothers
and sisters is siblings.
Different Generations
Masculine Feminine
Forefathers
Great-great grandfather Great-great grandmother
Great grandfather Great grandmother
Grandfather Grandmother
Father Mother
Son Daughter
Grandson Granddaughter
Great grandson Great granddaughter
Great-great grandson Great-great granddaughter
Descendents
Relatives and Extended Family
grandparents: the parents of your parents
grandfather: the father of your father/mother
grandmother: the mother of your father/mother
grandchildren: the children of your children
grandson: the son of one of your children
granddaughter: the daughter of one of your children
great grandfather: the father of your grandfather/grandmother
great grandmother: the mother of your grandfather/grandmother
uncle: the brother (or brother-in-law) of your mother/father
aunt: the sister (or sister-in-law)of your mother/father
cousin: the child of your aunt/uncle
nephew: the male child of your brother/sister
niece: the female child of your brother/sister

The In-Laws
father-in-law: the father of your spouse
mother-in-law: the mother of your spouse
son-in-law: the husband of your daughter
daughter-in-law: the wife of your son
brother-in-law: the husband of your sister
sister-in-law: the wife of your brother
The Family Mix
"Step-" means that you are related as a result of one parent marrying again
stepfather: the (new) husband of your mother
stepmother: the (new) wife of your father
stepson: the son of your (new) husband / wife
stepdaughter: the daughter of your (new) husband / wife
stepsister: the daughter of your stepmother or stepfather
stepbrother: the son of your stepmother or stepfather
Sometimes one of your parents gets married again and they have more children. There
half-brother: the brother you have only one parent in common with .
half-sister: the sister you only have one parent in common with.

VOCABULARY: DAILY OBJECTS
Furniture in the dining room
Sofa Chair Armchair Shelf/shelves
Plant Table Bookcase TV/television
Carpet Door Window Clock
Portrait Picture Lamp Cupboard
Irregular plurals
Singular plural
Woman /wuman/ women /wimin/
Man /man/ men /men/
Child children
Mouse /maus/ mice /mais/
Fish fish
Sheep sheep
Shelf shelves
Pronunciation tips
Crisps /crisps/ picture /pikcher/
Sausages /sosagis/ culture /culcher/
Architecture /arquitekcher/

SMALL TALK AND INTRODUCTIONS
1. Small talk
To be kind
To be polite
Context: situation
relationship
Using only first name (Laura, Evan, Tom…)
- only in friendly situations (family, friends, children, co-workers or colleagues)
- examples:
· Hi, Tom. Do you want to go to a film tonight? (a man to his friend)
· Excuse me, Mary. What do you think of this presentation? (a woman
to a co-worker in the office)
· Do you know the answer to number seven, Jack? –(a student to
another student)
Using title and last name (surname): Mr Smith, Mrs Johnson
- at work, with supervisors or managers (talking with superiors)
- with senior people
- with adult people that you don’t know
- in meetings, public speaking
- examples:
· Good morning Ms Johnson. Did you have a good weekend?
(a student to her teacher)
· Mr Johnson, I'd like to introduce you to Jack West from Chicago
(an employee introducing a colleague to his supervisor)
2. Introductions and social language
Title: Mr (Mister, for men)
Ms (pronounced “miss”, for women in general)
Mrs (pronounced “missis”, for married women)
Miss (pronounced “miss”, for unmarried women)
Letters and writings:
Formal informal
Dear Sir/Madam, Dear John,
(…) (…)
Yours faithfully, Regards

A. introducing a person to another one
Structure: Example:
(name), do you know (name)? Laura, do you know Tom?
I'd like you to meet (name) Laura, I’d like you to meet Tom
B- greeting that person
Ken: Laura, I'd like you to meet Mary.
Laura: How do you do?
Mary: How do you do / Pleased to meet you / It’s a pleasure
Ken: Mary works for ...
What do you do? vs How are you?
1st time you meet a person: A - How do you do?
B - How do you do?
2nd time you meet that person: A – How do you do?
B – Fine, thanks!
Formal answers: Nice to meet you
Pleased to meet you
It’s a pleasure

PERSONAL INFORMATION
What sort of questions do you ask?
type
kind
Age: How old are you?
What’s your age? I’m 40 years old
Name: What’s your name? My name’s Sandra
I’m Sandra
Birth: Where were you born? I was born in Sabadell
When is your birthday? My birthday is on 14 May
When were you born? I was born on 14 May 1966
Nation: What’s your nationality? I’m Spanish
Where are you from? I’m from Spain
Live: Where do you live? I live in Sant Cugat
What’s your address? 1, Ignasi Barraquer, 2nd-3rd
Family: Are you married? Yes, I am married
No, I’m single
Have you got any brothers or sisters?
No, I haven ‘t any
Yes, I’ve got one brother and one sister
Does your grandfather live with you?
Yes, he does
No, he doesn’t
How old is your sister? She’s 15
Job: What’s your job? I’m a teacher (but I work as a massagist=
What do you do? I’m a massagist
Where do you work? I work in Barcelona
I work in a hotel
I work at the fitness area of a hotel in BCN
Hobbies: What’s your hobby? I like dancing / listening to music / reading
What’s your favourite film? My favourite film is Psicosis
Have you got any hobbies? No, I haven’t got any
House: How many rooms are there in your house?
There are four rooms

WORD ORDER in QUESTIONS:
a/ question words: to ask for a part of the sentence.
(Question word + verb or auxiliary +subject + verb 2 + object)
Mandy speaks French: WHO speaks French?
I speak German: WHAT do you speak?
I go to the beach: WHERE do you go?
I get up at 7: WHEN do you get up?
This book is mine: WHICH book is yours?
The cat is big: HOW is the cat?
b/ YES/NO questions:
- to be, to have…: verb +subject + object
Example: He is Spanish ------------ Is he Spanish?
You have got a cat ----- Have you got a cat?
- other verbs: auxiliary + subject + verb +object
Example: I live in Sant Cugat ----- Do you live in Sant Cugat?
He plays football------- Does he play football?
The auxiliary is DO or DOES (3rd person singular) in PRESENT.
PRONOUNS
Personal subject
pronoun
Possessive
adjective
Possessive
pronoun
Personal object
pronoun
I My Mine Me
You Your Yours You
He His His Him
She Her Hers Her
It Its Its It
We Our Ours Us
You Your Yours You
They Their theirs them
Personal subject pronoun:
We live in Sant Cugat He has two books
I am forty years old They speak Chinese
Possessive adjective:
My father is French This is his book
Their car is red What’s your name?
Possessive pronoun
This car is hers Those books are theirs
Your car is red. Mine is green
Personal object pronoun
This is a present for them Nice to meet you

Introductions (presentacions)
Do you know each other? Us coneixeu?
Carol, let me introduce John to you: Carol, deixa que et presenti el John
Carol, let me introduce you to John: Carol, deixa que et presenti al John
Let me introduce myself: Deixa que em presenti
Can you introduce yourself? Et podries presentar?
Family name = last name = surname (Bosch, Calatayud)
First name = given name (Rosa, Meritxell)
Peter Sebastian Walker
Peter = first name, given name
Sebastian = middle name
Walker = surname, family name, surname
To meet a person = trobar-se a algú
To have a meeting = tenir una reunió
Reflexive pronouns
I Myself I hurt myself when I was cutting the bread
You Yourself Emma, did you take the picture by yourself?
He Himself Robert made this T-shirt himself
She Herself Lisa often speaks to herself
It Itself The lion can defend itself
We Ourselves We helped ourselves with some cola at the party
You Yourselves Tim and Gerry, if you want more milk, help yourselves
They Themselves Alice and Doris collected the stickers themselves
False friends
To present = to make a presentation
To introduce = presenter a algú
Pronunciation tips
Know /nou/ love /lov/
No /nou/ law /lo/
Knowledge /nouleig/ laugh /laf/
Dead /ded/ (adjectiu: mort) kite /kait/
Death /dez/ (substantiu: mort) bike /baik/
Died /daed/ (participi passat: mort) bite /bait/

THE ALPHABET AND SPELLING
CLASSROOM LANGUAGE:
How do you spell ________________ in English?
Can you spell it, please?
How do you pronounce _______________ in English?
What’s “mesa” in English?
Can you repeat it, please?
Is it correct?
It’s my turn!
Can you speak slowly, please?

JOBS IN ENGLISH
She’s a police officer. She’s a policewoman
He’s a police officer. He’s a policeman
She’s a nurse
She’s a lawyer
ENGLISH SPANISH
accountant contable
actor/actress actor/actriz
air hostess azafata
architect arquitecto
baker panadero
butcher carnicero
chemist farmacéutico
cook cocinero
dentist dentista
doctor médico
driver conductor
electrician electricista
employee empleado
engineer ingeniero
farmer granjero
fireman bombero
fisherman pescador
gardener jardinero
hairdresser peluquero
instructor monitor
journalist periodista
labourer obrero
lawyer abogado
mechanic mecánico
nanny niñera

ENGLISH SPANISH
Nun monja
nurse enfermero
office worker oficinista
painter pintor
pilot piloto
plumber fontanero
policeman policía
politician político
postman cartero
psychiatrist psiquiatra
psychologist psicólogo
receptionist recepcionista
salesman vendedor
secretary secretario
shoemaker zapatero
shop assistant dependiente
singer cantante
student estudiante
teacher profesor
technician técnico
vet veterinario
waiter/waitress camarero/a
writer escritor

Vocabulary
Some of my cousins live ABROAD = Some of my cousins live IN ANOTHER COUNTRY
To look up a word in the dictionary = buscar una paraula al diccionari
I have a work colleague WHO is from Portugal. He’s Portuguese.
I have a car THAT is from Japan. It is Japanese.
Pronunciation tips
Musician /musishan/ euro /iuro/
Electrician /electrishan/
Television /televishon/
Adverbs from adjectives
He is SAD. He sings SADLY
She is HAPPY. She dances HAPPILY
The price is EXACT This is EXACTLY the price

Countable and uncountable nouns (I)
A noun can be countable:
One pen, two pens, forty pens….
Or uncountable:
One water, two waters, three waters…
We use different words to count uncountable nouns:
A bottle of water, two bottles of water, three bottles of water…
A glass of water, two glasses of water…
Only with
uncountable nouns
With uncountable
and countable nouns
Only with
countable nouns
How much? How much or How many? How many?
a little no/none a few
a bit (of) not any a number (of)
- some (any) several
a great deal of a lot of a large number of
a large amount of plenty of a great number of
- lots of -
Examples:
I have a little money in my pocket
I have a few coins in my pocket
We use a large amount or rice to cook a paella
We use a great number of eggs to cook a cake
Online English practice:
Greetings:
http://eslgamesworld.com/members/games/grammar/sentences/greetings/greetings.
html
Film – elementary level:
http://film-english.com/category/elementary-a1-pre-intermediate-a2/
Introductions and small talk:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qa44S_B4xWQ

Addresses in English
St Street
Av Avenue
Blvd Boulevard
Rd Road
Sq Square
Flat (BrE) = Apartment (AmE)
5, Sant Bartomeu St, 1st-2nd (number, street, floor, door)
08172 SANT CUGAT DEL VALLÈS (zip code, town or city)
BARCELONA (area)
SPAIN (country)
Where do you live ?
What’s your address ?
Do you live in an apartment or in a house?
What’s your home/land phone number?
Have you got an alternate phone?
Have you got an e-mail address?
@ = “at”
. = “dot”
What’s your Social Security Number?
What is your marital status?
Are you married or single?
What’s the title of the job?
What’s your birth date?
When were you born? I was born on 27th June 1971
(nineteen seventy-one)

In, At, On + Time or Date
When is your birthday? Mine is ON October 12. When do you eat lunch? I usually eat it
AT noon. When does the school year begin in your country? In mine it begins IN
September.
Do you know which preposition to use before times, days, months and years? Here is a
reminder.
Don't forget to use...
in + month or year- In March, In 2003
on + date (with the year or without it) or day of the week- On April 2, On March 3,
1999, On Saturday
at + clock time, midnight, noon- At 3:30 p.m., At 4:01, At noon
Remember also...
in + season- In the summer, In the winter
in + morning, afternoon, evening- In the morning, In the evening
at + night- At night

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES (revision)
My car el meu cotxe
My cars els meus cotxes
Your car el teu cotxe / el vostre cotxe
Your cars els teus cotxes / els vostres cotxes
His car el seu cotxe (d’ell)
Her cars els seus cotxes (d’ella)
Their car el seu cotxe (d’ells)
Their cars els seus cotxes (d’ells)
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

WH Question Words
We use question words to ask certain types of questions. We often refer to them as
WH words because they include the letters WH (for example WHy, HoW).
Question
Word
Function Example
what asking for information about something What is your name?
asking for repetition or confirmation What? I can't hear you.
You did what?
what...for asking for a reason, asking why What did you do that for?
when asking about time When did he leave?
where asking in or at what place or position Where do they live?
which asking about choice Which colour do you want?
who asking what or which person or people
(subject)
Who opened the door?
whose asking about ownership Whose are these keys?
Whose turn is it?
why asking for reason, asking what...for Why do you say that?
why don't making a suggestion Why don't I help you?
how asking about manner How does this work?
asking about condition or quality How was your exam?
how + adj/adv asking about extent or degree see examples below
how far distance How far is Pattaya from
Bangkok?
how long length (time or space) How long will it take?
how many quantity (countable) How many cars are there?
how much quantity (uncountable) How much money do you have?
how old age How old are you?

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS IN ENGLAND
Federal holiday: public holiday in a federation
National holiday: in Catalonia, 11th September
Public holiday: a holiday established by law. It’s a non-working day
Bank holiday: colloquialism for “public holiday” in England
Abans del 1834 el Banc d’Anglaterra va fixar 33 dies i festivals religiosos com a festius, però en
1834 aquests es van reduïr a 4: 1st May (or May Day), 1st November (All Saints Day), Good
Friday (divendres Sant) i Christmas Day. Actualment a Anglaterra hi ha vuit festius d’aquest
tipus:
New Year’s day Good Friday Easter Monday
1st May Last Monday in May Last Monday in August
Christmas Day Boxing Day (Saint Stephen’s Day)
HALLOWEEN 2014
October 31 is Halloween. On Halloween, children wear costumes and go trick-or-treating. They
knock on doors and say "Trick or treat." The person who opens the door gives the children
sweets. The children say "Thank you." Adults like Halloween, too. They like to wear costumes
to work and attend parties. Orange and black are popular Halloween colours. Orange is the
colour of pumpkins and black is the colour of darkness. Halloween is a fun holiday, but it
is not a federal holiday.
When is Halloween?
 It is on October 31.
 In 2014, it is on a Friday.
 On October 31 we say "Happy Halloween!"
 Halloween is not a federal holiday.
What is the child in this picture doing?
 He is selecting a pumpkin.
 On Halloween, people cut faces on
pumpkins and put candles inside of them.
 They light the candles at night.
What are these children wearing?
 They are wearing Halloween costumes.
 The witch is wearing a black dress and a tall
black hat.

What are these children doing?
 They are trick-or-treating.
 They are waiting for someone to open the
door and give them candy.
Who are these people?
 They are pumpkinscarecrows.
 The woman is on the left and the man is on the
right.
What kind of house is this?
 It is a haunted house.
 A full moon is out.
What is the skeleton doing?
 He is holding a lantern and waiting for the
ship.
 Ghosts live on the ship.
Who is this woman?
 She is a fortune teller.
 She can tell the future by looking into the
crystal ball.

ONLINE LISTENING ACTIVITIES
Grammar – Simple present:
http://www.simpleenglishvideos.com/carters-breakfast/
Greetings and meetings (listen and repeat):
http://www.simpleenglishvideos.com/meeting-and-greeting/
Address (AmE) or addrEss (BrE) (la majúscula indica on recau l’accent tònic)
http://www.simpleenglishvideos.com/jennifer/
Make or do
http://www.simpleenglishvideos.com/make-or-do/
Make or do (fixed expressions)
http://www.simpleenglishvideos.com/make-and-do-fixed-expressions/
Wh questions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLefVAvKsRk&list=UUicjynhfFw2LiIQFnoS1JTw&i
ndex=42
How to pronounce “the” in English
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTLLy0cftBQ&list=UUicjynhfFw2LiIQFnoS1JTw&i
ndex=58
Different ways to say “thank you” in English
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMIXAqAy5HE&index=61&list=UUicjynhfFw2LiIQ
FnoS1JTw

Pronunciation tips
/dis/ /di:s/
(HERE)
El modisme “veritat?”
/dat/
Després de la frase posem una coma I afegim el verb canviant el “signe” (en negatiu si la frase
està en afirmatiu, I en afirmatiu si la frase està en negatiu) seguit del subjecte:
You are Spanish, aren’t you? (ets espanyol, oi?)
She isn’t married, is she? (està casada, oi?)
You live in Madrid, don’t you? (vius a Madrid, oi?)
You don’t speak Chinese, do you? (no parles xinès, oi?)
She eats a banana, doesn’t she? (ella menja un plàtan, oi?)
She doesn’t go to Paris, does she? (ella no va a París, oi?)
Simple present vs present continuous
Simple present Present continuous
(Verb) (To be + verb + ing)
1. for habitual actions 1. for actions happening now
2. for facts that are always true 2. actions happening in this period of time
3. for feelings or thoughts
Example: I run Example: I am running
What are they doing?
He is buying a newspaper They are running
She is eating an ice-cream I am listening to you
He is walking slowly
(THERE)
/dous/

The time in English
What time is it? It’s…….
20:15 It’s a quarter past eight
19:45 It’s a quarter to eight
20:00 It’s eight o’clock
20:30 It’s half past eight
20:05 It’s five past eight
20:40 It’s twenty to nine
Ten Expressions to say goodbye
Expression: How to use the expression:
Bye! The most common
Goodbye! A little more formal
Bye for now! Informal and friendly. They mean that you
expect to see the other See you! person again soon.
See you later!
See you soon!
I’m off Informal and not very polite. You are leaving
without a farewell greeting
Cheerio! Informal and old fashioned
Catch you later! Very informal. You expect to see the other
person again soon
Good night! We only say it at night (when you go home at
night or when you go to bed)

Other examples with ¨See you…”:
See you tomorrow
See you in an hour
See you at work
Vocabulary and expressions
Lucky you! Quina sort que tens!
Good luck! Bona sort!
It seems so Ho sembla
To take off enlairar-se
To land aterrar

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