This document summarizes research on supply chain strategy-based supplier evaluation frameworks. It provides an overview of different manufacturing strategies (lean, agile, leagile) and discusses how supplier strategy should align with the organization's manufacturing strategy. The document then proposes a hybrid methodology using fuzzy positive/negative ideal ratings and membership degree transformation to evaluate supplier performance based on six key criteria under different supply chain strategies. An application example is provided to illustrate the proposed evaluation methodology.
A NALYSIS O F S UPPLIER’S P ERFORMANCE T HROUGH F PIR /F NIR A ND M EM...csandit
In today’s highly competitive business environment,
evaluation of suppliers is the prime function
of the purchasing department of the organization. I
t is due to the fact that high percentage of the
material cost for manufacturing of a product is inv
olved. Identification of decision criteria and
methods for supplier evaluation are appearing to be
the important research area in the
literature. In this paper, hybrid methodology of Fu
zzy positive Ideal rating /Fuzzy Negative
Ideal rating and Membership Degree Transformation-
M (1, 2, 3) is proposed for evaluation of
supplier’s performance. A wide literature review is
made and six selection criteria namely:
Cost, Quality, Service, Business performance, Techn
ical Capability and Delivery performance
are considered for evaluation. A detailed applicati
on of the proposed methodology is illustrated.
The proposed methodology is useful not only to judg
e the overall performance of the supplier
but also to know which criteria/sub-criteria need t
o be improved
Most original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are strategically involved in supplier base rationalization and increased consciousness of sustainable development. This reinforces need for accurately considering sustainability in supplier selection to improve organizational
performance. In real industrial case, problems are unavoidable and pose huge challenge to
accurately incorporate sustainability factors into supplier selection. Such problems include
imprecise data, ambiguity of human judgment, uncertainty among sustainability factors and the
need to capture all subjective and objective criteria
Supplier Selection and Order Allocation Models in Supply Chain Management: A ...IJERA Editor
Supplier selection decisions are an important component of production and logistics management for many
firms. Such decisions entail the selection of individual suppliers to employ and the determination of order
quantities to be placed with the selected suppliers. This paper reviews supplier selection and order allocation
models based on an extensive search in the literature (170 paper during 2000-2016) and tries to show their
contribution to supply chain management. After discussing different methods and their applications, the most
prevalently used approaches and criteria are presented. In the second step, different attributes of these papers are
defined and finally issues for future research are recommended
One of the most important issues concerning the designing a supply chain is selecting the supplier. Selecting proper suppliers is one of the most crucial activities of an organization towards the gradual improvement and a promotion in performance. This intricacy is because suppliers fulfil a part of customer’s expectancy and selecting among them is multi-criteria decision, which needs a systematic and organized approach without which this decision may lead to failure. The purpose of this research is proposing a new method for assessment and rating the suppliers. We have identified several evaluation criteria and attributes; the selection among them was by the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) method, then we have specified the connection and the influence of the criteria on each other by DEMATEL method. After that, suppliers were graded by using the Fuzzy Analytical Network Process (FANP) approach and the most efficient one was selected. The innovation of this research is combining the SMART method, DEMATEL method, and Analytical Network Process in Fuzzy state which lead to more exact and efficient results which is proposed for the first time by the researchers of this study.
A brief literature review on decision methods analysis for 3 pl selectionAli Elkhateb
This document provides a literature review and analysis of existing methods for evaluating and selecting third-party logistics (3PL) providers. It analyzes 50 academic articles on 3PL selection methods published between 1997-2008. The majority of methods considered a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach, using criteria like quality, cost, and services to evaluate candidates. The document categorizes the methods as qualitative, quantitative, or mixed. Most used a mixed method, with some initial quantitative screening followed by qualitative analysis from an expert team. The literature review aims to provide a reference on current 3PL selection research and the characteristics of different evaluation methods.
Relationships among Supplier Selection Criteria using Interpretive Structural...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document provides an abstract for a dissertation that evaluates criteria used in supplier selection processes. The dissertation was submitted by Alan Kurien Punnoose to the University of Bath in partial fulfillment of an MSc in Management with Operations Management. It contains 14,545 words. The dissertation involves a qualitative case study of the supplier selection process at Aston Martin, a luxury car manufacturer. It uses interviews to collect data and evaluates Aston Martin's process using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology for decision making. The dissertation aims to critically evaluate criteria for supplier selection and compare Aston Martin's process to the AHP methodology.
The Simulation of the Supply Chain in an Investment Company by Genetic Algori...Mohammad Ali Arjamfekr
Nowadays, the supply chain is considered as the most effective element among the economic and manufacturing enterprises and the reason of its foundation is the increase of the pressures by the customer demands on high quality and quick service. Time management in the supply chain causes quick service and the enhancement of customers’ satisfaction level that is the most important component for managing waiting reduction time. After the selection of the suitable supplier, the amount of optimal order of each one of the suppliers must be obtained, implementing using the multi-objective planning models. Thus the purpose of this study is to investigate the simulation of the supply chain in an investment company by genetic algorithm and PSO. This work is done using the multi-objective model design, with the purposes of reducing existing costs in chain, as well as maximizing the purchased materials’ quality from the suppliers.
A NALYSIS O F S UPPLIER’S P ERFORMANCE T HROUGH F PIR /F NIR A ND M EM...csandit
In today’s highly competitive business environment,
evaluation of suppliers is the prime function
of the purchasing department of the organization. I
t is due to the fact that high percentage of the
material cost for manufacturing of a product is inv
olved. Identification of decision criteria and
methods for supplier evaluation are appearing to be
the important research area in the
literature. In this paper, hybrid methodology of Fu
zzy positive Ideal rating /Fuzzy Negative
Ideal rating and Membership Degree Transformation-
M (1, 2, 3) is proposed for evaluation of
supplier’s performance. A wide literature review is
made and six selection criteria namely:
Cost, Quality, Service, Business performance, Techn
ical Capability and Delivery performance
are considered for evaluation. A detailed applicati
on of the proposed methodology is illustrated.
The proposed methodology is useful not only to judg
e the overall performance of the supplier
but also to know which criteria/sub-criteria need t
o be improved
Most original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are strategically involved in supplier base rationalization and increased consciousness of sustainable development. This reinforces need for accurately considering sustainability in supplier selection to improve organizational
performance. In real industrial case, problems are unavoidable and pose huge challenge to
accurately incorporate sustainability factors into supplier selection. Such problems include
imprecise data, ambiguity of human judgment, uncertainty among sustainability factors and the
need to capture all subjective and objective criteria
Supplier Selection and Order Allocation Models in Supply Chain Management: A ...IJERA Editor
Supplier selection decisions are an important component of production and logistics management for many
firms. Such decisions entail the selection of individual suppliers to employ and the determination of order
quantities to be placed with the selected suppliers. This paper reviews supplier selection and order allocation
models based on an extensive search in the literature (170 paper during 2000-2016) and tries to show their
contribution to supply chain management. After discussing different methods and their applications, the most
prevalently used approaches and criteria are presented. In the second step, different attributes of these papers are
defined and finally issues for future research are recommended
One of the most important issues concerning the designing a supply chain is selecting the supplier. Selecting proper suppliers is one of the most crucial activities of an organization towards the gradual improvement and a promotion in performance. This intricacy is because suppliers fulfil a part of customer’s expectancy and selecting among them is multi-criteria decision, which needs a systematic and organized approach without which this decision may lead to failure. The purpose of this research is proposing a new method for assessment and rating the suppliers. We have identified several evaluation criteria and attributes; the selection among them was by the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) method, then we have specified the connection and the influence of the criteria on each other by DEMATEL method. After that, suppliers were graded by using the Fuzzy Analytical Network Process (FANP) approach and the most efficient one was selected. The innovation of this research is combining the SMART method, DEMATEL method, and Analytical Network Process in Fuzzy state which lead to more exact and efficient results which is proposed for the first time by the researchers of this study.
A brief literature review on decision methods analysis for 3 pl selectionAli Elkhateb
This document provides a literature review and analysis of existing methods for evaluating and selecting third-party logistics (3PL) providers. It analyzes 50 academic articles on 3PL selection methods published between 1997-2008. The majority of methods considered a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach, using criteria like quality, cost, and services to evaluate candidates. The document categorizes the methods as qualitative, quantitative, or mixed. Most used a mixed method, with some initial quantitative screening followed by qualitative analysis from an expert team. The literature review aims to provide a reference on current 3PL selection research and the characteristics of different evaluation methods.
Relationships among Supplier Selection Criteria using Interpretive Structural...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document provides an abstract for a dissertation that evaluates criteria used in supplier selection processes. The dissertation was submitted by Alan Kurien Punnoose to the University of Bath in partial fulfillment of an MSc in Management with Operations Management. It contains 14,545 words. The dissertation involves a qualitative case study of the supplier selection process at Aston Martin, a luxury car manufacturer. It uses interviews to collect data and evaluates Aston Martin's process using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology for decision making. The dissertation aims to critically evaluate criteria for supplier selection and compare Aston Martin's process to the AHP methodology.
The Simulation of the Supply Chain in an Investment Company by Genetic Algori...Mohammad Ali Arjamfekr
Nowadays, the supply chain is considered as the most effective element among the economic and manufacturing enterprises and the reason of its foundation is the increase of the pressures by the customer demands on high quality and quick service. Time management in the supply chain causes quick service and the enhancement of customers’ satisfaction level that is the most important component for managing waiting reduction time. After the selection of the suitable supplier, the amount of optimal order of each one of the suppliers must be obtained, implementing using the multi-objective planning models. Thus the purpose of this study is to investigate the simulation of the supply chain in an investment company by genetic algorithm and PSO. This work is done using the multi-objective model design, with the purposes of reducing existing costs in chain, as well as maximizing the purchased materials’ quality from the suppliers.
Quantitative Research Modelling: Hard and Soft Criteria of Total Quality Serv...inventionjournals
The major intend of this research study is on hard and soft criteria of Total Quality Service (TQS) in ISO 9001 certified SME’s in TamilNadu. The nature of the research is exploratory method, and the sample size is 401 respondents from purposively selected ISO 9001 certified SME’s companies in TamilNadu with regard to the hard and soft criteria of TQS. First the analysis of the general profile of SME’s is given and data collection method used in the research is ―Questionnaire Method‖. Data has been analyzed by using SPSS 20.0 & Smart PLS 3.0. Findings, suggestions and conclusions were made by keeping an eye on the research objectives.
This document summarizes a research paper that investigated strategies companies undertake for supply chain sustainability. It developed a framework to identify sustainability initiatives across the supply chain phases of inbound supply, production, outbound supply, warehousing, and product design. The framework was applied to 10 multinational companies to assess their adoption of initiatives. Interviews with managers from 3 companies provided further insights. The document outlines the methodology and discusses initiatives for each supply chain phase identified from the literature.
- The document discusses a research project analyzing the use and effectiveness of Total Quality Management (TQM) approaches in the German food industry.
- A survey of 442 food industry companies in Germany was conducted to assess the current status of TQM implementation based on the EFQM Excellence Model, which defines nine key areas.
- The results showed that companies have successfully implemented some TQM requirements like reducing environmental impacts and ensuring organizational structures. However, other areas like collecting employee feedback and communicating societal impacts need improvement.
- Statistical analysis found a positive correlation between TQM implementation and long-term business success, though companies ranked the impact of different TQM areas differently than the statistical results.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...researchinventy
1. The document evaluates the quality of work of two manufacturers, Sanat Pazhouhan-e-Kia Co. and Laton Manufacturing Co., who are suppliers to Mega Motor Co. based on the EFQM excellence model.
2. Data was collected on the suppliers' working environments, management capabilities, staff training, quality control reports on rejected parts, and C/100 index.
3. The analysis found that while Sanat Pazhouhan-e-Kia Co. met many of the EFQM criteria, Laton Manufacturing Co. needed to make more improvements to achieve organizational excellence according to the model.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPPLIER SELECTION MODEL FOR MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT OF A THA...IAEME Publication
The purpose of this research is to establish a supplier selection model for
maintenance operations in the petrochemical industry in Thailand. The research
identifies six factors that could be relevant to supplier selection success, including cost,
quality, time, reliability, flexibility, and human resources. A survey was conducted of
experts in maintenance supplier management in one of Thailand’s large petrochemical
firms (n = 113). Results were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and
structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings showed that there were significant
effects of cost, quality, flexibility, and human resources on the supplier selection
success. However, factors including time and reliability were not significant. The
implication of this research is that cost, quality, flexibility and human resources should
be used to select appropriate suppliers in petrochemical maintenance operations.
Limitations and opportunities for further research are also discussed for the findings.
Optimal Alternative Selection Using MOORA in Industrial Sector - A ijfls
Modern manufacturing organizations tend to face versatile challenges due to globalization, modern
lifestyle trends and rapid market requirements from both locally and globally placed competitors. The
organizations faces high stress from dual perspective namely enhancement in science and technology and
development of modern strategies. In such an instance, organizations were in a need of using an effective
decision making tool that chooses out optimal alternative that reduces time, complexity and highly
simplified. This paper explores a usage of new multi criteria decision making tool known as MOORA for
selecting the best alternatives by examining various case study. The study was covered up in two fold
manner by comparing MOORA with other MCDM and MADM approaches to identify its advantage for
selecting optimal alternative, followed by extending MOORA with interval grey numbers, crisp and interval
grey number and whitening coefficient and future scope of the present work concentrate on highlighting the
scope and gap between MOORA, Multiplicative form of MOORA(MULTIMOORA) and Multi objective
optimization on the basis of simple ratio analysis (MOOSRA) for numerous manufacturing and service
applications.
This document discusses the impact of supplier relationship management (SRM) on organizational performance. It begins with an introduction that outlines the objectives and significance of studying how effectively managing supplier relationships can affect a company's performance. A literature review identifies that SRM involves strategic partnerships with suppliers and can help reduce risks and improve business activities. The study aims to evaluate how SRM influences organizational goals. It will use surveys and statistical analysis to explore the relationship between supplier development, organizational performance, and other determinants of effective supplier management.
Success in supply begins with the right choice of suppliers and in the long run is directly related to how suppliers are managed, because suppliers have a significant impact on the success or failure of a company. Multi-criteria decisions are approaches that deal with ranking and selecting one or more suppliers from a set of suppliers. Multi-criteria decisions provide an effective framework for comparing suppliers based on the evaluation of different criteria. The present research is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-survey based on the nature and method of the research. In the present study, two library and field methods have been used to collect information. According to the objectives of this study, suppliers will be evaluated using two methods of fuzzy hierarchical analysis with D-numbers. In order to better understand these two methods, a case study is presented in which suppliers are ranked using two methods and then the results are compared with each other. For manufacturing companies, 4 categories of parts were considered and based on the classification, the suppliers of the manufacturing company were evaluated and analyzed. In the results of suppliers of type A and B components in hierarchical analysis, D and fuzzy methods have many differences in the evaluation and ranking of suppliers, and this shows the lack of expectations of experts in D and fuzzy analysis. On the other hand, in type C and D components, the classification and ranking of suppliers have been matched in two ways and shows that the opinions in the evaluation of these suppliers are the same.
ROLE OF SUPPLIER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATIONAL PERFORM...muo charles
ROLE OF SUPPLIER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICE INDUSTRY IN KENYA. A CASE OF SAFARICOM LIMITED KENYA
HIDDEN COSTS OF QUALITY: MEASUREMENT & ANALYSIS ijmvsc
This document discusses hidden costs of quality and provides a literature review on previous studies related to measuring and analyzing quality costs. It identifies direct and hidden costs of quality and categorizes them into costs of conformance and non-conformance. The study aims to identify, measure, and quantify all hidden quality costs, like indirect and opportunity costs, across all processes and activities in a manufacturing firm to understand their impact on total quality costs and organizational performance. A methodology is outlined to collect comprehensive cost data and compare traditional quality cost analysis with one including hidden costs.
This study examines the relationship between supplier involvement in product development processes, new product advantage, and new product performance. It hypothesizes that supplier involvement positively influences new product performance directly and indirectly through new product advantage. The study collected data from 103 electronics companies in Thailand. Regression analysis found that supplier involvement positively impacts new product performance both directly and indirectly through new product advantage, supporting the hypotheses. Effective supplier collaboration can help create advantages for new products and ultimately improve new product performance.
Factors that Influence the Supplier Selection of Manufacturing BusinessesQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : The objective of this study is to find out the factors that influence businesses in manufacturing industry while selecting suppliers. The data used in the study were obtained from 80 small and medium sized enterprises in Samsun organized industrial site and small industrial areas by using face-to-face questionnaire method. KMO and Barlett’s test were used to find out whether the data set used in the study was suitable for factor analysis. According to the results, KMO and Barlett’s test results (0.761) show that the sample size is sufficient for factor analysis. Factor analysis gave a 4 factor structure that explained 84.48% of the total variance. The names of these factors and their rates of explaining the total variance were quality 33.08%, delivery 20.29%, price 18.72% and criteria about the supplier 12.39%, respectively. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficients of these four factors and their sub-components were 0.978, 0.967, 0.920 and 0.602, respectively. As a conclusion, it was found that the businesses in manufacturing industry placed great importance on the quality and delivery of the product provided by the supplier. In addition, manufacturing businesses aim to supply quality products from the supplier with the lowest cost within the same period of time in accordance with their objectives.
Testing Model Of Development Organic Farming Dragon Fruit Based Market ResearchIJMER
This study aims to test the model of the development of organic farming dragon fruit which has been obtained in previous studies. This follow-up study to test the model that has been obtained, through a comprehensive marketing research by analyzing the factors which influence consumers purchasing organic dragon fruit Object of the research in Pamekasan, The method used is the analysis of factors that influence consumer buying decisions in determining organic dragon fruit. The data used is the 60 respondents, the number of variables studied were 23 variables, factor analysis is based on 22
variables that can be further analyzed. One variable ignored because the value of the MSA is less than
0.5, the results showed that of the 22 variables were analyzed. The results showed that of the 22 variables
analyzed, there are 8 factors that influence consumers to buy organic dragon fruit, while the results of the 8 factors analyzed are: [1] Psychological (eigen value = 5,025), [2] The product (eigen value = 3,015), [3] Social (eigen value = 2,186), [4] Distribution (eigen value = 1.640), [5] Price (eigen value =1.354), [6] Promotion (eigen value = 1,286), [7] Individuals (eigen value = 1,196), [8] Service (eigen
value = 1.115), overall there are 3 of the most dominant factor affecting the marketing of organic dragon fruit, is the first factor of the product, the second is the social factor and the third factor is the price.
An effective way to optimize key performance factors of supply chainIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Management that discusses optimizing key performance factors in supply chain management. The article begins with an abstract that outlines the goal of using analytical techniques to optimize costs in the outward supply chain. It then reviews relevant literature on supply chain performance measurement and modeling supply chain systems. The methodology section outlines the steps taken, which include identifying key parameters that influence performance, formulating the problem as minimizing total supply chain costs given constraints, validating the model, and implementing the solution. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of supply chain performance measurement for competitiveness.
FACTORS AFFECTING GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN PRACTICES IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN INDIAIAEME Publication
Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has emerged as new management
strategy for automobile organizations to become more environmental friendly, cost
effective and competitive. The study focuses on green supply chain management
practices in Automotive Industry in India. Globally business environment is very
volatile in nature and is featured by uncertainties. Due to rising environmental issues,
awareness on environmental pollution issues combined with industrial development
should be addressed by supply chain management. Therefore Green Supply Chain
Management (GSCM) is an emerging agenda for the industrial organization to
improve their performance on different dimensions such as economic and
environment. GSCM has a parallel development to push green products in context to
the ever growing environmental concerns among the organizations .The objective of
the paper is to explore the factors affecting the Green supply Chain Management in
Automotive Industry in India
This document is a project report submitted by Anirban Patra for their B.Com Honours degree. The project analyzes the operational performance of pharmaceutical companies in India from 2011-2018. The supervisor, Dr. Mitrendu Narayan Roy, certified that the report was Anirban Patra's original work. Anirban Patra also declared the work as their own. The report contains chapters on the introduction and objectives, a conceptual overview using SWOT and ratio analysis, analysis and findings using descriptive statistics, conclusions and suggestions. It aims to assess past performance, current position, predict income and growth prospects to aid decision making.
This document proposes a conceptual framework for measuring the performance of supply chain collaboration at different stages of partnership. It discusses key performance metrics identified in the literature, including operational efficiency, risk/return ratio, order of dominance, cost, profit, inventory levels, forecast accuracy, flexibility, and responsiveness. The document also describes two case studies of companies at different stages of collaboration practice to validate the proposed model and understand how different metrics are used at initial and advanced collaboration stages.
Sustainable supplier selection: the effect of logistical collaboration on log...IJERA Editor
This research assesses the effect of buyer-supplier collaboration on logistical performance by considering sustainable criteria. The paper presents the results of a survey with 124 respondents of the Brazilian organizations to understand the relationship among Third-Party Logistical (3PL), Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) industry and Carriers. The results disclose that elements of logistical collaboration (interpersonal, tactical and strategic) exert positive influence in logistical performance (reliability, transport and risk). The interpersonal and strategic collaboration indices positively influence the reliability, which performs the highest-level performance index.
To study how nirmal healthcare products pvt. ltd. can strengthen their place ...Supa Buoy
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I am a mentor, Friend for all Management Aspirants, Any query related to anything in Management, Do write me @ supabuoy@gmail.com.
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Supply Chain Efficiency Evaluation: A Contemporary Theoretical ModelWorld-Academic Journal
Supply chain management has gained a prodigious amount of attention from both practitioners and industriessince the last decade. Until now, there are many articles, and dissertations that address supply chain management, but there is still a lack of integration between the current efficiency evaluation methods and practical requisites for the supply chain management. A contemporary efficiency evaluation method is proposed to provide necessary support for efficiency improvement in supply chain management. The proposed method will address this aim in the
following main aspects: a basic supply chain model; concrete and unconcrete efficiency measurement in various dimensions; a cross-organizational efficiency evaluation; and weighted average and fuzzy set theory method.
This document outlines methods for evaluating suppliers, including evaluating product samples, past performance history, third party certifications, and on-site assessments. It also lists questions for supplier questionnaires regarding the supplier's production capacity, quality control processes, sourcing of materials and components, testing facilities, past similar orders, financial standing, commitment to quality, and quality systems.
Mr. Shullich recently managed a successful project to execute a product selection for an ERP system which will replace many back office systems. This presentation is a case study of the project.
Quantitative Research Modelling: Hard and Soft Criteria of Total Quality Serv...inventionjournals
The major intend of this research study is on hard and soft criteria of Total Quality Service (TQS) in ISO 9001 certified SME’s in TamilNadu. The nature of the research is exploratory method, and the sample size is 401 respondents from purposively selected ISO 9001 certified SME’s companies in TamilNadu with regard to the hard and soft criteria of TQS. First the analysis of the general profile of SME’s is given and data collection method used in the research is ―Questionnaire Method‖. Data has been analyzed by using SPSS 20.0 & Smart PLS 3.0. Findings, suggestions and conclusions were made by keeping an eye on the research objectives.
This document summarizes a research paper that investigated strategies companies undertake for supply chain sustainability. It developed a framework to identify sustainability initiatives across the supply chain phases of inbound supply, production, outbound supply, warehousing, and product design. The framework was applied to 10 multinational companies to assess their adoption of initiatives. Interviews with managers from 3 companies provided further insights. The document outlines the methodology and discusses initiatives for each supply chain phase identified from the literature.
- The document discusses a research project analyzing the use and effectiveness of Total Quality Management (TQM) approaches in the German food industry.
- A survey of 442 food industry companies in Germany was conducted to assess the current status of TQM implementation based on the EFQM Excellence Model, which defines nine key areas.
- The results showed that companies have successfully implemented some TQM requirements like reducing environmental impacts and ensuring organizational structures. However, other areas like collecting employee feedback and communicating societal impacts need improvement.
- Statistical analysis found a positive correlation between TQM implementation and long-term business success, though companies ranked the impact of different TQM areas differently than the statistical results.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...researchinventy
1. The document evaluates the quality of work of two manufacturers, Sanat Pazhouhan-e-Kia Co. and Laton Manufacturing Co., who are suppliers to Mega Motor Co. based on the EFQM excellence model.
2. Data was collected on the suppliers' working environments, management capabilities, staff training, quality control reports on rejected parts, and C/100 index.
3. The analysis found that while Sanat Pazhouhan-e-Kia Co. met many of the EFQM criteria, Laton Manufacturing Co. needed to make more improvements to achieve organizational excellence according to the model.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPPLIER SELECTION MODEL FOR MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT OF A THA...IAEME Publication
The purpose of this research is to establish a supplier selection model for
maintenance operations in the petrochemical industry in Thailand. The research
identifies six factors that could be relevant to supplier selection success, including cost,
quality, time, reliability, flexibility, and human resources. A survey was conducted of
experts in maintenance supplier management in one of Thailand’s large petrochemical
firms (n = 113). Results were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and
structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings showed that there were significant
effects of cost, quality, flexibility, and human resources on the supplier selection
success. However, factors including time and reliability were not significant. The
implication of this research is that cost, quality, flexibility and human resources should
be used to select appropriate suppliers in petrochemical maintenance operations.
Limitations and opportunities for further research are also discussed for the findings.
Optimal Alternative Selection Using MOORA in Industrial Sector - A ijfls
Modern manufacturing organizations tend to face versatile challenges due to globalization, modern
lifestyle trends and rapid market requirements from both locally and globally placed competitors. The
organizations faces high stress from dual perspective namely enhancement in science and technology and
development of modern strategies. In such an instance, organizations were in a need of using an effective
decision making tool that chooses out optimal alternative that reduces time, complexity and highly
simplified. This paper explores a usage of new multi criteria decision making tool known as MOORA for
selecting the best alternatives by examining various case study. The study was covered up in two fold
manner by comparing MOORA with other MCDM and MADM approaches to identify its advantage for
selecting optimal alternative, followed by extending MOORA with interval grey numbers, crisp and interval
grey number and whitening coefficient and future scope of the present work concentrate on highlighting the
scope and gap between MOORA, Multiplicative form of MOORA(MULTIMOORA) and Multi objective
optimization on the basis of simple ratio analysis (MOOSRA) for numerous manufacturing and service
applications.
This document discusses the impact of supplier relationship management (SRM) on organizational performance. It begins with an introduction that outlines the objectives and significance of studying how effectively managing supplier relationships can affect a company's performance. A literature review identifies that SRM involves strategic partnerships with suppliers and can help reduce risks and improve business activities. The study aims to evaluate how SRM influences organizational goals. It will use surveys and statistical analysis to explore the relationship between supplier development, organizational performance, and other determinants of effective supplier management.
Success in supply begins with the right choice of suppliers and in the long run is directly related to how suppliers are managed, because suppliers have a significant impact on the success or failure of a company. Multi-criteria decisions are approaches that deal with ranking and selecting one or more suppliers from a set of suppliers. Multi-criteria decisions provide an effective framework for comparing suppliers based on the evaluation of different criteria. The present research is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-survey based on the nature and method of the research. In the present study, two library and field methods have been used to collect information. According to the objectives of this study, suppliers will be evaluated using two methods of fuzzy hierarchical analysis with D-numbers. In order to better understand these two methods, a case study is presented in which suppliers are ranked using two methods and then the results are compared with each other. For manufacturing companies, 4 categories of parts were considered and based on the classification, the suppliers of the manufacturing company were evaluated and analyzed. In the results of suppliers of type A and B components in hierarchical analysis, D and fuzzy methods have many differences in the evaluation and ranking of suppliers, and this shows the lack of expectations of experts in D and fuzzy analysis. On the other hand, in type C and D components, the classification and ranking of suppliers have been matched in two ways and shows that the opinions in the evaluation of these suppliers are the same.
ROLE OF SUPPLIER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATIONAL PERFORM...muo charles
ROLE OF SUPPLIER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICE INDUSTRY IN KENYA. A CASE OF SAFARICOM LIMITED KENYA
HIDDEN COSTS OF QUALITY: MEASUREMENT & ANALYSIS ijmvsc
This document discusses hidden costs of quality and provides a literature review on previous studies related to measuring and analyzing quality costs. It identifies direct and hidden costs of quality and categorizes them into costs of conformance and non-conformance. The study aims to identify, measure, and quantify all hidden quality costs, like indirect and opportunity costs, across all processes and activities in a manufacturing firm to understand their impact on total quality costs and organizational performance. A methodology is outlined to collect comprehensive cost data and compare traditional quality cost analysis with one including hidden costs.
This study examines the relationship between supplier involvement in product development processes, new product advantage, and new product performance. It hypothesizes that supplier involvement positively influences new product performance directly and indirectly through new product advantage. The study collected data from 103 electronics companies in Thailand. Regression analysis found that supplier involvement positively impacts new product performance both directly and indirectly through new product advantage, supporting the hypotheses. Effective supplier collaboration can help create advantages for new products and ultimately improve new product performance.
Factors that Influence the Supplier Selection of Manufacturing BusinessesQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : The objective of this study is to find out the factors that influence businesses in manufacturing industry while selecting suppliers. The data used in the study were obtained from 80 small and medium sized enterprises in Samsun organized industrial site and small industrial areas by using face-to-face questionnaire method. KMO and Barlett’s test were used to find out whether the data set used in the study was suitable for factor analysis. According to the results, KMO and Barlett’s test results (0.761) show that the sample size is sufficient for factor analysis. Factor analysis gave a 4 factor structure that explained 84.48% of the total variance. The names of these factors and their rates of explaining the total variance were quality 33.08%, delivery 20.29%, price 18.72% and criteria about the supplier 12.39%, respectively. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficients of these four factors and their sub-components were 0.978, 0.967, 0.920 and 0.602, respectively. As a conclusion, it was found that the businesses in manufacturing industry placed great importance on the quality and delivery of the product provided by the supplier. In addition, manufacturing businesses aim to supply quality products from the supplier with the lowest cost within the same period of time in accordance with their objectives.
Testing Model Of Development Organic Farming Dragon Fruit Based Market ResearchIJMER
This study aims to test the model of the development of organic farming dragon fruit which has been obtained in previous studies. This follow-up study to test the model that has been obtained, through a comprehensive marketing research by analyzing the factors which influence consumers purchasing organic dragon fruit Object of the research in Pamekasan, The method used is the analysis of factors that influence consumer buying decisions in determining organic dragon fruit. The data used is the 60 respondents, the number of variables studied were 23 variables, factor analysis is based on 22
variables that can be further analyzed. One variable ignored because the value of the MSA is less than
0.5, the results showed that of the 22 variables were analyzed. The results showed that of the 22 variables
analyzed, there are 8 factors that influence consumers to buy organic dragon fruit, while the results of the 8 factors analyzed are: [1] Psychological (eigen value = 5,025), [2] The product (eigen value = 3,015), [3] Social (eigen value = 2,186), [4] Distribution (eigen value = 1.640), [5] Price (eigen value =1.354), [6] Promotion (eigen value = 1,286), [7] Individuals (eigen value = 1,196), [8] Service (eigen
value = 1.115), overall there are 3 of the most dominant factor affecting the marketing of organic dragon fruit, is the first factor of the product, the second is the social factor and the third factor is the price.
An effective way to optimize key performance factors of supply chainIAEME Publication
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FACTORS AFFECTING GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN PRACTICES IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN INDIAIAEME Publication
Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has emerged as new management
strategy for automobile organizations to become more environmental friendly, cost
effective and competitive. The study focuses on green supply chain management
practices in Automotive Industry in India. Globally business environment is very
volatile in nature and is featured by uncertainties. Due to rising environmental issues,
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should be addressed by supply chain management. Therefore Green Supply Chain
Management (GSCM) is an emerging agenda for the industrial organization to
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the ever growing environmental concerns among the organizations .The objective of
the paper is to explore the factors affecting the Green supply Chain Management in
Automotive Industry in India
This document is a project report submitted by Anirban Patra for their B.Com Honours degree. The project analyzes the operational performance of pharmaceutical companies in India from 2011-2018. The supervisor, Dr. Mitrendu Narayan Roy, certified that the report was Anirban Patra's original work. Anirban Patra also declared the work as their own. The report contains chapters on the introduction and objectives, a conceptual overview using SWOT and ratio analysis, analysis and findings using descriptive statistics, conclusions and suggestions. It aims to assess past performance, current position, predict income and growth prospects to aid decision making.
This document proposes a conceptual framework for measuring the performance of supply chain collaboration at different stages of partnership. It discusses key performance metrics identified in the literature, including operational efficiency, risk/return ratio, order of dominance, cost, profit, inventory levels, forecast accuracy, flexibility, and responsiveness. The document also describes two case studies of companies at different stages of collaboration practice to validate the proposed model and understand how different metrics are used at initial and advanced collaboration stages.
Sustainable supplier selection: the effect of logistical collaboration on log...IJERA Editor
This research assesses the effect of buyer-supplier collaboration on logistical performance by considering sustainable criteria. The paper presents the results of a survey with 124 respondents of the Brazilian organizations to understand the relationship among Third-Party Logistical (3PL), Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) industry and Carriers. The results disclose that elements of logistical collaboration (interpersonal, tactical and strategic) exert positive influence in logistical performance (reliability, transport and risk). The interpersonal and strategic collaboration indices positively influence the reliability, which performs the highest-level performance index.
To study how nirmal healthcare products pvt. ltd. can strengthen their place ...Supa Buoy
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Supply Chain Efficiency Evaluation: A Contemporary Theoretical ModelWorld-Academic Journal
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following main aspects: a basic supply chain model; concrete and unconcrete efficiency measurement in various dimensions; a cross-organizational efficiency evaluation; and weighted average and fuzzy set theory method.
This document outlines methods for evaluating suppliers, including evaluating product samples, past performance history, third party certifications, and on-site assessments. It also lists questions for supplier questionnaires regarding the supplier's production capacity, quality control processes, sourcing of materials and components, testing facilities, past similar orders, financial standing, commitment to quality, and quality systems.
Mr. Shullich recently managed a successful project to execute a product selection for an ERP system which will replace many back office systems. This presentation is a case study of the project.
This document discusses supplier evaluation. It explains that evaluating supplier performance is important for several reasons, including improving supplier performance, aiding decision making about retaining or removing suppliers, and providing incentives for suppliers to continuously improve. The document outlines how to evaluate suppliers using key performance indicators and collecting performance data through various methods. It also discusses common evaluation criteria, presenting Carter's 10Cs model as general guidelines involving criteria like competence, cost, capacity, quality commitment, consistency, and financial stability.
The document discusses supplier evaluation and selection. It provides an overview of the supplier evaluation and selection process, key criteria for evaluating suppliers, and developing surveys to aid in selection. Critical issues in supplier selection are also addressed. The presentation covers developing a multi-step process for evaluating suppliers on criteria like quality, cost, management capabilities, financial stability, and long-term relationship potential to select suppliers that minimize risk and maximize value.
The document discusses supplier performance evaluation methods for SMEs in Macedonia. It covers several key areas:
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3. Approaches to evaluate suppliers such as linear weighting, total cost of ownership, and statistical models. Linear weighting is most popular.
4. The study's methodology used grounded theory and questionnaires. Findings showed manufacturing is the largest industry, evaluation processes are common, and key criteria include price, quality and delivery
Performance Evaluation PowerPoint PPT Content Modern SampleAndrew Schwartz
136 slides include: 4 benefits and 11 additional values of performance appraisals, performance interviews, ground rules for performance evaluation, building performance contracts, developing work plans, setting the stage for a performance appraisal meeting, opening and closing your appraisal session, handling poor performance, conducting a feedback meeting, how to conduct a performance appraisal discussion, how to's and more.
A Review Of Multi-Criteria Decision Making Techniques For Supplier Evaluation...Steven Wallach
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This document summarizes a research paper that developed a new model for supplier selection using structural equation modeling (SEM) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The paper aims to select suppliers for a public sector company in India based on important supplier selection criteria. It reviewed previous supplier selection models and developed a generic theoretical model considering criteria like quality, cost, delivery, etc. An empirical study was conducted surveying 151 respondents to evaluate suppliers. The new composite SEM-AHP model was used to calculate supplier selection scores and identify strengths and weaknesses to help suppliers improve.
An Integrated Model For Solving Problems In Green Supplier Selection And Orde...Stephen Faucher
This document presents an integrated model for solving problems in green supplier selection and order allocation. The model first uses the best-worst method to determine weights for green evaluation criteria. It then applies a modified fuzzy TOPSIS method to select and rank green suppliers based on their performance. Finally, it uses fuzzy multi-objective linear programming to establish an order allocation model based on supplier rankings and company policy goals. The model was developed to address issues in prior research and provide a more effective and reliable approach to green supplier evaluation and purchasing strategy determination. It was tested using an actual case study from an electronics company.
Achieving Supply Chain Excellence Through Supplier Management A Case Study O...Wendy Hager
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Selection of Supplier by Using Saw and Vikor MethodsIJERA Editor
Now a days, Lean manufacturing becomes a key strategy for global competition. In this environment the most important process is the efficient selection of suppliers. In any organization various criteria such as quality, cost, location etc are used for the selection of supplier which plays a vital role in the industry. In the present work multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods are used such as SAW method and VIKOR method. It is used to select the best supplier for implementing the spring manufacturing industry. Choice of the efficient supplier could be a complicated and is a complex problem and this draw back associate degreed a key success for an organization. In this paper linguistic fuzzy data is used to search out the ratings and weights and also the introduced methodologies employed to pick the efficient supplier
A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS, SUPPLY ...Dr.Ganeshkumar C
This document outlines a study on the relationship between supply chain management components, supply chain performance, and organizational performance of manufacturing industries in Puducherry, India. The study aims to understand the impact of important supply chain management components on supply chain performance and organizational performance. It reviews literature on related topics and identifies variables and constructs such as supply chain concerns, competence, practices, and performance. The methodology section outlines how data will be collected and analyzed through statistical tools to test hypotheses and relationships between variables. The findings will provide insights on how supply chain management can impact performance.
Selection of Best Supplier in Furniture Manufacturing Company by Using Analyt...IJERA Editor
The selection of supplier is one of the most critical decisions in the design and development of a successful production environment. In this study, a user friendly decision support system is proposed for supplier selection. This system guides the decision maker in selecting proper supplier via effective algorithms, such as the Analytic Hierarchy process (AHP) Cost analysis helps the user evaluate the results based on economical considerations. Selection of supplier is a time consuming process which needs extensive data exploitation. The process of supplier selection is a multi- criteria decision-making problem with conflicting and diverse objectives. In this work a systematic methodology is presented under the consideration of multiple factors and objectives that are witnessed to be crucial to the construction process. The model includes building an analytic hierarchy structure with a tree of hierarchical criteria and alternatives to ease the decision-making.
The document presents a supplier management framework with 8 categories, 32 metrics, and a 4-rank scale (A, B, C, D) to evaluate suppliers. It was developed through literature review, surveys, interviews and focus groups with industry representatives. The framework aims to provide companies with a comprehensive, quantitative, and flexible approach to assess suppliers. It addresses common challenges companies face in tracking too many metrics, reporting to suppliers, and continual improvement. The goal is to help companies establish effective supplier strategies through a standardized and data-driven evaluation process.
This document presents a framework for supplier management that includes selection, evaluation, and performance management. It discusses the need for companies to regularly track and communicate key supplier metrics to improve relationships and ensure priorities are met. The proposed framework was developed through a literature review of common supplier evaluation criteria used in various industries, as well as input from companies on the metrics they use and challenges they face. It identifies eight main criteria categories (e.g. quality, cost, delivery), 32 specific metrics, and a 4-level ranking system to evaluate and manage supplier performance. The goal of the framework is to help companies standardize and consistently execute their supplier management processes.
TOP 10 MOST CITED ARTICLES IN JANUARY 2024 - International Journal of Ma...ijmvsc
International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains ( IJMVSC ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of value and supply chain management. The journal provides a platform to disseminate new ideas and new research, advance theories, and propagate best practices in the management of value and supply chain management, looking across both product and service-based businesses. This will include works based in service management, logistics and distribution, operations management, process management, flow control, and customer service. The journal offers a forum in which academics, consultants, and practitioners in a variety of fields can exchange ideas to further research and improve practices in all areas of business. The International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains ( IJMVSC ) seek to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in the management of both product and service-based organizations around the world.
A BENCHMARK MODEL FOR INTERNAL ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRY USING FUZZY TOPSIS APPR...ijmech
Internal assessment is one of the most important factor of an industry, needs appropriate improvement
planning between the departments with development of Benchmark model among them. The proposed study
applies Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution to rank different alternatives.
The preliminary results indicate that the proposed model is capable of determining appropriate
competition between departments which are Human Resource, Finance, Production, Quality Assurance. To
remove the subjectivity, the linguistic data about the attributes is converted into a crisp score by using
fuzzy numbers and then the different alternatives are evaluated based on attributes by TOPSIS approach to
find the best alternative according to the industry’s requirement. Thus the endeavor has been made by the
authors to give a simple model for the evaluation of internal assessment of an industry
4313ijmvsc02A FUZZY AHP APPROACH FOR SUPPLIER SELECTION PROBLEM: A CASE STUDY...ijmvsc
Supplier selection is one of the most important functions of a purchasing department. Since by deciding the best supplier, companies can save material costs and increase competitive advantage. However this decision becomes complicated in case of multiple suppliers, multiple conflicting criteria, and imprecise parameters. In addition the uncertainty and vagueness of the experts’ opinion is the prominent characteristic of the problem. Therefore an extensively used multi criteria decision making tool Fuzzy AHP can be utilized as an approach for supplier selection problem. This paper reveals the application of Fuzzy AHP in a gear motor company determining the best supplier with respect to selected criteria. The contribution of this study is not only the application of the Fuzzy AHP methodology for supplier selection problem, but also releasing a comprehensive literature review of multi criteria decision making problems. In addition by stating the steps of Fuzzy AHP clearly and numerically, this study can be a guide of the methodology to be implemented to other multiple criteria decision making problems.
Performance measurement systems for green supply chainsKurien G P
This document discusses using a modified balanced scorecard (BSC) integrated with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for performance measurement of green supply chains. The traditional BSC does not adequately address environmental measures or provide weightings to indicators. AHP can help overcome these limitations by determining the relative importance and contribution of each performance indicator in achieving organizational goals. The authors propose a framework that integrates AHP with a modified BSC, which incorporates environmental measures, to facilitate effective green supply chain performance measurement.
Building a Proposed Model for Suppliers' Selection using Multi-Criteria ApproachIRJET Journal
This document presents a proposed model for supplier selection using the multi-criteria decision making approach of analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The study aims to evaluate the relative importance of supplier selection criteria (quality, cost, delivery, flexibility) from the perspective of construction company managers. A survey was conducted of 50 managers who provided pairwise comparisons of criteria. The AHP approach structures the problem, identifies selection criteria and supplier alternatives, and determines the relative weights of criteria. Preliminary results found that cost has the highest importance as a supplier selection criterion, followed by delivery and flexibility based on manager responses. The proposed model could provide an objective, systematic approach to supplier selection compared to current subjective practices.
This document discusses statistical analysis methods for comparing final weight scores in quality function deployment (QFD) studies. It introduces a statistical testing procedure to determine if the final weights assigned to engineering attributes in a QFD house of quality matrix are significantly different. The testing procedure uses a parametric bootstrap method to generate random samples and test the significance of differences between final weight scores. The document also examines the robustness of different rating scales used in QFD relationship matrices and their impact on the final weight scores. The statistical testing procedure aims to provide a reliable basis for prioritizing engineering attributes and determine where differences in final weights are meaningful.
Designing a Computational tool for Supplier Selection using Analytical Hierar...Dr. Soumendra Kumar Patra
This document discusses the development of a computational tool using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for supplier selection. It presents a literature review on supplier selection criteria and models. The study aims to identify factors that influence supplier selection for manufacturing industries in Bhubaneswar, India. A questionnaire was used to collect data on important selection criteria from purchasing managers. An AHP model was developed to evaluate and prioritize suppliers based on criteria such as reputation, efficiency, flexibility, growth rate, strength, and responsiveness.
In recent years, management and, consequently, supply chain performance measurement, has attracted the attention of a large number of managers and researchers in the field of production and operations management. In parallel with the evolution of organizations from a single approach to a network and supply chain approach, performance measurement systems have also changed and moved towards network and supply chain performance measurement. Therefore, in order to face the storm of great change and transformation and not give in to the wave of competitive aggression, organizations have long had one thing in common, and that is to focus approaches and focus efforts towards achieving results. Results that lead to a competitive advantage and are more effective and decisive in the performance indicators of the organization, including earning more. In this study, in order to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the supply chain in manufacturing companies, using indicators such as cost, timely delivery and procurement time to evaluate the supply chain efficiency is considered. And performance evaluation was performed at the manufacturer level. Therefore, in order to evaluate the performance of the supply chain using the AHP integration approach and the DEA method approach in the fuzzy environment, the suppliers and suppliers of the manufacturing company were evaluated and ranked in terms of performance.
SUPPLIER SELECTION AND EVALUATION – AN INTEGRATED APPROACH OF QFD & AHPIJESM JOURNAL
In current scenario strong competitive pressure forces several organizations to available their products and services, cheaper, faster and improved than the rivals to their valuable customer. Managers have come to comprehend that they cannot do it individually without suitable vendors. Supply Chain Management empower the flows of material, information and funds in a association consisting of customers, suppliers, manufacturers and distributors, which beings raw materials, maintain by internal operations complete with distribution of finished goods. In the continually changing world, assortment of appropriate vender is facilitating in supply chain management, selection of right vendor is extremely useful part of purchasing department. This paper seeks to propose a methodology to integrate the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for right supplier selection and evaluation and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) analysis to enhance the effectiveness of outsourcing decisions. A selection that combines the subjective factors and objective factors and attitude of the decision maker decide the best supplier in the supply chain management system. The proposed integrated model could be used for supplier selection, which involves several quantitative and qualitative factors. Also could be used to determining the optimum order quantity. The propose method is a group decision making approach which shadows the traditional approaches of supplier selection.
The document discusses a rough multi-criteria decision-making approach for sustainable supplier selection under vague environments. It proposes integrating the ELECTRE method and rough set theory to address issues with previous approaches, including requiring much prior information, inflexibility in handling vagueness, and omitting social evaluation criteria. A case study applying the new approach to selecting sustainable suppliers for a solar air conditioner manufacturer is presented to demonstrate its benefits.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGY BASED SUPPLIER EVALUATION-AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK
1. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2015
DOI: 10.5121/ijmvsc.2015.6207 69
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGY BASED
SUPPLIER EVALUATION-AN INTEGRATED
FRAMEWORK
S.Hemalatha1
, G. Ram Babu2
, K.Narayana Rao3
and K.Venkatasubbaiah4
1
Department of Mechanical Engg, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Vizianagaram- 535 005
2
Department of Mechanical Engg, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 007
3
Government Model Residential Polytechnic, Paderu-531024
4
Department of Mechanical Engg, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 007
ABSTRACT
Evaluation of suppliers basing on the manufacturing strategy is the prime function of the purchasing
department of the organization in today’s highly competitive business environment. Cost is the market
winner in lean manufacturing strategy, thus the organizations focus on eliminating waste and achieve low
cost. Service level can be considered as market winner in agile manufacturing strategy and the
organization should be more flexible to meet the volatile demands. In leagile manufacturing strategy, the
organizations need to quickly responding to the variations in the customer demand with effective cost
reduction. Supplier’s strategy need to be in-line with manufacturing strategy of the organization. In this
paper, hybrid methodology of Fuzzy positive Ideal rating /Fuzzy Negative Ideal rating and Membership
Degree Transformation- M (1, 2, 3) is proposed for evaluation of supplier’s performance basing on the
supply chain strategy. A wide literature review is made and six selection criteria namely: Cost, Quality,
Service, Business performance, Technical Capability and Delivery performance are considered for
evaluation. A detailed application of the proposed methodology is illustrated. The proposed methodology is
useful not only to judge the overall performance of the supplier basing on the supply chain strategy but
also to know which criteria/sub-criteria need to be improved.
KEY WORDS
Membership Degree transformation; Fuzzy positive Ideal Rating; Fuzzy Negative Ideal Rating; Supplier
performance; Supply chain strategy;
1. INTRODUCTION
Performance analysis of supplier is of strategic importance for any organization. When making
this analysis, it is important which criteria are to be selected in finding the performance of the
supplier. Identification of decision criteria and methods for supplier evaluation are appearing to
be the important research area in the literature.
Supplier selection and assessment has received a significant research in the purchasing and
supply management literature. Cheraghi et al (2002) presented the critical success factors
2. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2015
70
(CSFs) for supplier selection reported in the literature emanating from the seminal work of
Dickson (1966) and provide an update based on reviewing more than 110 research papers. The
authors indicated significant change in the relative importance of various critical success factors
in the research reported during 1966-1990 versus 1990-2001. Supplier selection and their
performance evaluation is one of the important drivers of supply chain performance. Uses of
suitable criteria with appropriate methodologies are necessary for performance evaluation of a
supplier. In the literature, it is observed that supplier selection and evaluation methods were based
on quoted price, quality, business relations, lead time etc., constitute a multi-criteria or multi-
objective decision making problem. The overall objective of the supplier selection process is to
identify, evaluate, contract with the suppliers and optimum quota allocation to the suppliers.
Boer et al (2001) made a review on decision methods on supplier selection based on academic
literature. Byun (2001) presented Analytical Hierarch Process (AHP) approach for vendor
selection and identified supplier reliability, product quality and supplier experiences are the
critical factors for effective supplier selection in Korean automobiles. Muralidharan et al (2002)
suggested guidelines for comparing supplier attributes using a five-point rating scale and
developed aggregation technique for combining group member’s preferences into one consensus
for supplier rating. In the supplier selection process, organizations judge the supplier’s ability to
meet the requirements of the organization to survive in the intensely competitive global economy.
Dulmin and Mininno (2003) used multi-criteria decision analysis method in supplier selection
problem using PROMETHEE and GAIA methodology. Rajkumar and Ray (2004) identified
attributes and factors relevant for performance evaluation of suppliers through fuzzy inference
system of the MATLAB fuzzy logic tool box. Venkatasubbaiah and Narayana Rao (2004)
considered thirty three sub-criteria under six main criteria reported in the literature in four
decision hierarchy levels for supplier selection using AHP. Very often, experts opinion is the
prominent characteristic of multi-criteria decision making problems and this impreciseness of
human’s judgments can be handled through the fuzzy sets theory developed by Zadeh (1965).
Fuzzy set theory effectively incorporates imprecision and subjectivity into the model formulation
and solution process. Chen et al (2006) adopted TOPSIS concept in fuzzy environment to
incorporate imprecision and subjectivity into the model formulation and solution process to
determine the ranking order of the suppliers. The author considered the factors such as quality,
price, and flexibility and delivery performance. Lee et al (2007) adopted Fuzzy Analytic
Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to analyze the importance of multiple factors by incorporating the
experts’ opinions to select Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display (TFT-LCD) suppliers.
Narayana Rao et al (2007) illustrated fuzzy outranking technique for selection of supplier using
minimum and gamma operators for aggregating the concordance and discordance indices of the
alternative suppliers to arrive the ranking of suppliers with credibility values. Shouhua Yuan et al
(2008) proposed DEA, AHP and fuzzy set theory to evaluate the overall performance of
suppliers of a manufacturing company. Enyinda et al (2010) adopted analytic hierarchy process
(AHP) model and implemented using Expert Choice Software for a supplier selection problem
in a generic pharmaceutical organization. Elanchezhian et al (2010) adopted analytical network
process (ANP) and TOPSIS method for select the best vendor. Jitendra Kumar and Nirjhar Roy
(2010), adopted a hybrid model using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and neural networks
(NNs) theory to assess vendor performance. Farzad and Zahari (2010) proposed integration of
agile supplier’s selection and virtual group. Yucel and Guneri (2011) assessed the supplier
selection factors through fuzzy positive ideal rating and negative ideal rating to handle ambiguity
and fuzziness in supplier selection problem and developed a new weighted additive fuzzy
programming approach. Yang and Jiang (2012) proposed AHM (Analytic Hierarchy Method) and
M(1,2,3) methodology to evaluate the supply chains’ overall performance. Durga Prasad et al
3. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2015
71
(2012) proposed and illustrated the methodology for evaluating the efficiency and performance of
the suppliers using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique. Amindoust (2012) proposed
and illustrated ranking methodology in fuzzy environment with sustainable supplier selection
criteria/sub-criteria. Aysegul Tas (2012) presented A numerical example and illustrated the
different selection criteria to select the best supplier in pharmaceutical industry through fuzzy
AHP approach.
Abbasi et al (2013) proposed a framework and applied QFD/ANP to rank the relative importance
of the key attributes in selection of suppliers. Galankashi et al (2013) presented supplier
Selection for Electrical Manufacturing Companies Based on Different Supply Chain Strategies
using AHP. Eshtehardian et al (2013), presented a decision support system to the supplier
selection in the construction and civil engineering companies using AHP and ANP
simultaneously. Om pal et al (2013) presented review on supplier selection criteria and methods
basing on research reported in the supply chain management area. Deshmukh and Vasudevan
(2014) explored criteria that are important for green supplier selection, as evident in literature and
gathered from discussions with experts. Ergün and Atalay (2014) proposed FAHP and FTOPSIS
for evaluation of suppliers of an electronic company.
From the review of literature, it is observed that there is limited research in group decision
approach for prioritizing the supplier selection criteria in fuzzy environment. Further,
classification of a supplier belongs to a particular class basing on the data mining technology is
also limited. In lieu of this, a hybrid methodology is proposed for evaluation of supplier’s
performance and illustrated by considering the supplier of a pharmaceutical company under three
manufacturing strategies. In the methodology, Fuzzy positive Ideal Rating and Fuzzy Negative
Ideal rating approach is adopted to find out the importance weights of criteria/sub-criteria. Then,
Membership transformation method – M(1,2,3) is adopted to find out the grade of overall
performance of a supplier. Proposed methodology is explained in section two. Numerical
Illustration is presented in section three. Results and discussion are made in section four. Finally,
the conclusions are summarized with future scope in section five.
2. SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES
Due to advances in manufacturing, information technology and the increased customer demands
are need to be considered on the formation of supply chain strategies and operations to generate
more competitive markets for the companies. In Lean strategy, manufacturing focuses on cost
reduction by eliminating non-value added activities, so that minimization/elimination of waste,
increased business opportunities and high competitive advantage. Lean strategy can be
implemented to achieve better results with less time and cost and in environments that demand is
relatively stable and predictable and product diversity is relatively little. In case of agile strategy,
the organization is able to respond rapidly to changes in demand, both in terms of volume and
variety by embracing organizational structures, information point in the material, systems and
logistics processes. Leagile is the combination of the lean and agile paradigms within a total
supply chain strategy by positioning the decoupling point so as to best suit the need for
responding to a volatile demand downstream yet providing level scheduling upstream from the
market place (Mason-Jones, 2000). Ambe (2014), differentiated supply chain strategies
(Lean/Agile) basing on the product characteristics, manufacturing characteristics and decision
drivers.
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3. METHODOLOGY
Step 1: Identification of Manufacturing Strategy
Initially, the organization has to identify the supply chain strategy and accordingly evaluate the
suppliers for the organization. In this paper, product characteristics like product design, demand
uncertainty, cost and availability are considered for identification of the supply chain strategy. In
this paper, the relative weights of the product characteristics are determined using Attribute
Hierarchy Model (AHM) discussed by Xiao et al (2013).
Step 1.1: Formulate pair wise comparison matrix
Pair wise comparison matrix is formulated basing on the relative importance of the product
characteristics using saaty scale (Equally Important-1; moderately important-3; strongly
important-5; Very strong important-7; extremely important -9; 2,4,6,8 are average values between
the above degree of important)
Step 1.2: Formulate Attribute matrix
Attribute matrix A = ( µij )nxn is formulated from pair wise comparison matrix using
the following conversion equation
1
1 1
1
0.5 1,
0 1,
= +
== +
= ≠
= =
ij
ijij
ij
ij
k
a k
k
a
k k
a i j
a i j
β
β
µ
β
Step 1.3: Relative weights of the Attributes
Relative attribute weight is determined from the following relation
1
2
* 1,2....
*( 1) =
= =
−
∑
J
j ij
i
W j J
J J
µ
jW = Relative weight of the jth
attribute.
Step 2: Establish Evaluation Index System of Supplier Performance
An Organization has to identify criteria for supplier selection to evaluate whether the supplier fits
its competitive strategy and supply chain strategy .The total performance of the supplier depends
on the capabilities in each criteria/sub criteria and the relative importance given to them.
5. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2015
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Step 3: Determine importance weights of the criteria/sub criteria
Fuzzy Positive Ideal Rating (FPIR) and Fuzzy Negative Ideal Rating (FNIR) are used to compute
the weights of the criteria/sub criteria (Yucel and Guneri, 2011).
Step 4: Membership Transformation through “Effective, Comparison and
Composition”
Membership transformation method – M(1,2,3) proposed by Hua and Ruan (2009) as discussed in
the following steps is adopted to determine the evaluation matrix of the alternative.
Step 4.1: Determine Evaluation Membership ( )jk Qµ
Percentage of satisfaction among the domain experts under each class is considered as evaluation
matrix of each criterion.
( )jk Qµ =membership of jth
sub-criteria of the criteria group ‘Q’ belonging to the kth
fuzzy
membership class.
Step 4.2: Determine Distinguishable Weights ( ( )j Qα )
Distinguishable weight represents the normalized and quantized value obtained from the
following relation.
1
( ) ( )/ ( ) ( 1.. )=
= =∑
m
j j jj
Q v Q v Q j mα
Where
( ) 1 (1/ log( ))* ( )= −j jv Q p H Q
1
( ) ( )*log ( )
=
= −∑
p
j jk jk
k
H Q Q Qµ µ
( )jv Q = weight of the jth sub criteria of the evaluation criteria object ‘Q’ obtained from
uncertainty in the payoff information of the sub criteria
( )jH Q = Measure of uncertainty in the payoff information of the jth sub criteria of the evaluation
criteria object ‘Q’
Step 4.3: Determine Comparable sum Vector ( )kM Q
Comparable value of the sub criteria under the given criteria is determined from the following
relation
( )kM Q = 1
( )* ( )* ( )=∑
m
j j jkj
Q Q Qβ α µ
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74
( )j Qβ = Importance Weight Vector of sub-criteria
Step 4.4: Determine Membership Vector ( )k Qµ
Membership vector of the object ‘Q’ belonging to class ‘k’ is determined from the following
relation.
( )k Qµ =
1
( ) / ( )
=
∑
p
k k
k
M Q M Q
Step 4.5: Determine Evaluation Matrix of the alternative U(S)
Membership matrix of all the criteria of the object ‘Q’ is determined and evaluation matrix is
formed as shown below.
U(S)=
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
( 4)
..
..
C
C
C
C
µ
µ
µ
µ
Step 5: Determine Final membership Vector ( )Sµ
Once the evaluation matrix of the goal and the weights of the each criterion are known the
procedure is repeated from the step 4.1 to 4.5 is repeated to obtain the final membership vector of
the goal.
Step 6: Determine the grade of overall Performance (KO)
Overall performance of the alternative is determined by applying confidence recognition rule
(Confidence degree: λ >0.7)
KO = min {k|
1
( )
=
≥∑
k
k
k
Sµ λ }
4. NUMERICAL ILLUSTRATION
In this paper, the proposed methodology is illustrated with a numerical example of supplier
evaluation for a pharmaceutical manufacturing company. The supply chain strategy of the
company is identified basing on the product characteristics namely, product design (PD),
demand uncertainty (DU), cost (CO) and availability (AY).
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Supplier’s performance metrics taken from the literature (Venkatasubbaiah et al., 2004; Lee et al.,
2007; Narayana rao et al., 2007) are considered for performance evaluation of supplier.
Regulatory compliance as well as green purchasing criteria, quality, safety and reliability are
important criteria in supplier selection in the pharmaceutical industries. Selecting competent
suppliers can help manufacturing firms to reduce costs, attain real-time delivery, ensure world-
class quality, mitigate risks, and render better services.
4.1 Identification of manufacturing strategy
Pair wise comparison matrix
Pair wise comparison matrix is formulated by discussing with the employees of the
pharmaceutical company. The pair wise comparison matrix is shown below.
Table 1: pair wise comparison matrix of Product Characteristics
Criteria Product Characteristics of the
pharmaceutical Company
PD DU AY PC
PD 1 3 5 7
DU 1/3 1 3 5
AY 1/2 1/3 1 3
PC 1/7 1/3 1/3 1
Attribute matrix
Attribute matrix is formulated as discussed in step 1.2. the attribute matrix is shown
below.
Table 2: Attribute matrix of Product Characteristics
Criteria Product Characteristics of the
pharmaceutical Company
PD DU AY PC
PD 0.000 0.857 0.909 0.933
DU 0.143 0.000 0.857 0.909
AY 0.091 0.143 0.000 0.857
PC 0.067 0.143 0.143 0.000
Table 3: Relative weights of the Product Characteristics
Product
Characteristics
Product
Development
Demand
Uncertainty
Availability Product Cost
Relative weights 0.450 0.318 0.182 0.050
The relative weights of the product characteristics of the organization is shown table 3. The
relative weights of product development, demand uncertainty, availability and product cost are
8. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2015
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0.450, 0.318, 0.182 and 0.05 respectively indicates that responsiveness of the customer need to
be maximized, the pharmaceutical company prefers agile manufacturing strategy. Accordingly,
suppliers need to be analyzed.
4.2 Evaluation of Supplier
The supplier evaluation hierarchy is organized into three layers namely, Goal, Criterion layer and
sub-criterion layer as shown in fig 1.
Figure 1: Hierarchy of Evaluation Index System of Supplier performance
Evaluation of supplier performance is considered as goal. Supplier evaluation criteria namely,
Quality (Q), Cost (C), Service (S), Business performance (BP), Technical Capability (TC),
Delivery performance (DP) and environmental performance (EP) are considered at criterion level.
Sub-criteria under each criterion are given below.
Sub-criteria under Quality (Q): Product durability and Reliability (PDR); Quality systems (QS);
Percent Rejection (PR); Reputation and Position in the market (RP);
Sub-criteria under Cost (C): Competitive Pricing (CP); Unit Price (UP); Quantity Discount (QD);
Payment Terms (PT);
Sub-criteria under Service (S): Handling of Complaints (HC); Availability of product/service
(APS); Training equipment (TE); Flexibility (FL);
Sub-criteria under Business Performance (BP): Financial Stability (FS); IT usage (IT); Technical
Capability (TC); Personnel Capability (PC);
Sub-criteria under Delivery Performance (DP): Delivery of Lead Time (DLT); Expeditation of
Orders (EO); Flexible Transportation Modes (FTM); Safety and Security of Components (SS);
DP
DLT
EO
FTM
SS
EP
EMS
EMC
ECI
PCI
S
FS
IT
TC
PH
Goal
PDR
QS
PR
RP
Sub-Criterion Layer
Evaluation of Supplier
Criterion Layer
Q C BP
CP
UP
QD
PT
HC
APS
TE
FL
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77
Sub-criteria under Environmental Performance (EP): Environmental management systems
(EMS), environmental management competencies (EMC), environmental costs improvement
(ECI) and pollutant effects improvement (PCI).
Necessary data on the relative importance of criteria/sub-criteria gathered from discussions with
the managers of Purchasing, Logistics, Quality Control and Production departments of a
pharmaceutical company. These industries need to improve their supply chain performance by
concentrating on supplier issues to face with the uncertainty within the business environment
basing on the manufacturing strategy.
4.3 Relative weights of the criteria/sub-criteria
Relative weights of criteria/sub-criteria are determined as discussed in step 2 of the methodology
section. Data is collected by discussion with the managers of Purchasing, Logistics,Quality
Control and Production departments are needed to assess the relative importance of the criteria on
the supplier performance of the organization. Degree of relative importance of criteria is
presented with the linguistic variables: Nill-NL;Very Low- VL; Low-L; Medium Low- ML; M-
Medium; Medium High- MH; High- H;Very High- VH; Full- F; Aggregated responses of the
importance of criteria and sub-criteria in terms of the linguistic variables by the employees of
different departments are shown in the table 4 and table 5.
The study considered the above criteria/sub-criteria from the literature and these are prioritized.
Relative weights of criteria and sub-criteria are determined from the aggregated responses shown
table 4 and table 5 respectively through Fuzzy Positive Ideal Rating (FPIR) and Fuzzy Negative
Ideal Rating (FNIR) approach as discussed in step 2 of the methodology section. Relative weights
of criteria and sub-criteria are shown in table 6.
Table 4: Aggregated Response on Criteria
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Table 5: Aggregated Responses on Sub-Criteria
Table 6: Relative weights of the criteria/sub criteria
Criteria Weight
Sub-
criteria Weight Criteria Weight
Sub-
criteria Weight
Q 0.2219
PDR 0.2585
BP 0.1388
FS 0.3148
QS 0.2238 IT 0.2282
PR 0.2053 MC 0.2553
PC 0.3124 PH 0.2017
C 0.1239
CP 0.2787
EP 0.2025
EMS 0.3093
UP 0.214 EMC 0.2555
QD 0.2431 ECI 0.2029
PT 0.2642 PCI 0.2323
S 0.1542
HC 0.1941
DP 0.1587
DLT 0.2105
APS 0.3019 EO 0.3244
TE 0.2361 FTM 0.1878
FL 0.2679 SS 0.2774
11. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains (IJMVSC) Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2015
79
From table 6 it is observed that Quality criterion is highly prioritized (0.2219) followed by
Environmental performance (0.2025). Quality is the most important criterion that must be
evaluated for successful selection of the supplier. Technical Capability criterion is ranked second
since it is an obvious consideration for any pharmaceutical company.
As the manufacturing strategy is agile, the relative weights assigned with delivery Performance,
Service, Business Performance and cost (0.1388) are of 0.1587, 0.1542, 0.1388 and 0.1239
respectively indicates the supplier is in tune with the manufacturing strategy of the
pharmaceutical company. Relative weights of the criteria/sub-criteria are shown in fig 2
Figure 2: Relative weights of the criteria/sub-criteria
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Table 7: Evaluation Responses and Memberships
4.2 Evaluation Membership
Data on the given supplier performance sub-criteria is obtained from 75 employees of
production, Logistics, Quality control and Marketing & sales departments of the pharmaceutical
company. No of employees responded regarding the satisfaction levels in five classes and the
membership values are shown in table 7.
4.3 Evaluation matrix
Evaluation Matrix is determined as discussed in step 3 of methodology section. Evaluation
matrix of supplier’s performance is shown below.
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U(S) =
( ) 0.1530 0.1400 0.3896 0.2093 0.1081
( ) 0.1632 0.1583 0.3779 0.1576 0.1429
( ) 0.2365 0.2420 0.2606 0.1422 0.1187
( ) 0.3324 0.2039 0.1825 0.1503 0.1309
( ) 0.2581 0.1901 0.2357 0.1751 0.1411
( ) 0.
=
C
S
BP
EP
Q
DP
µ
µ
µ
µ
µ
µ 2458 0.1234 0.3459 0.1566 0.1283
4.4 Final membership Vector
Final membership vector of the supplier’s performance is determined as discussed in step 4 of
the methodology section. The Final membership vector of the supplier’s performance is shown
below.
( )( ) 0.2218 0.1639 0.3182 0.1699 0.1262=Sµ
4.5 Grade of Overall Performance of the supplier
From the numerical illustration, according to the final membership vector, it is observed that the
overall performance of the supplier belongs to the ‘General’ level with the confidence level of
70.39% (22.18%+16.39%+31.82%).
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Evaluation membership of supplier’s performance is shown in fig 2. From the figure, it is
understood that Technical Capability (TC) of the supplier is showing relatively high confidence
level of performances of 33.24% in ‘Very Satisfied’ level. Cost (C), Service (S), Supplier
performance in respect of Business performance (BP), Technical Capability (TC), Quality (Q),
and Delivery Performance (DP) are showing confidence levels of 38.96%, 37.79%, 26.06%,
18.25%, 23.57% and 34.59% respectively in ‘General’ level.
Figure 2: Evaluation memberships of supplier’s performance criteria
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From the results of the final membership values, it can be judged that the performance of the
supplier is considered as ‘General’ level as the obtained confidence level (70.39%) is more than
the minimum confidence level of 70%. Overall confidence level with ‘Very Satisfied’ is only
22.18% indicates that the supplier should improve the performance from every criteria. In the
context of supplier evaluation for a pharmaceutical company, the suppliers need to improve
quality, environmental performance and delivery performance such that the purchasing company
will be capable of rapidly responding to changes to their customer demands. Implementing
continuous quality improvement methods, making use of latest equipments and machines,
implementing new thoughts in business processes will be useful to improve the supplier’s
performance.
6. CONCLUSIONS
The proposed methodology is a hybrid methodology that combined the FPIR/FNIR approach with
Membership transformation method – M (1,2,3) to evaluate the performance of supplier. The
proposed methodology is useful not only to judge the overall performance of the supplier but also
to know which criteria/sub-criteria need to be increased. The proposed hybrid method is useful to
evaluate the supplier’s performance as it is affected by the subjective judgment involved in
measuring of the criteria/sub-criteria by the stake holders. The methodology maybe extended for
the supplier evaluation and selection basing on the supply chain strategy (Lean, Agile and
Leagile). To this effect, it requires critical judgment to assess the relative weights among the
criteria basing on lean, agile and leagile supply chain strategies. Also, the study can be extended
to other areas of decision making in evaluation and ranking of alternatives. Also, the performance
of the proposed method can be improved by reducing the subjective judgment in prioritizing the
factors/sub-factors.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are very much thankful to the reviewer for making constructive comments to
improve the quality of the paper.
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