In today’s highly competitive business environment,
evaluation of suppliers is the prime function
of the purchasing department of the organization. I
t is due to the fact that high percentage of the
material cost for manufacturing of a product is inv
olved. Identification of decision criteria and
methods for supplier evaluation are appearing to be
the important research area in the
literature. In this paper, hybrid methodology of Fu
zzy positive Ideal rating /Fuzzy Negative
Ideal rating and Membership Degree Transformation-
M (1, 2, 3) is proposed for evaluation of
supplier’s performance. A wide literature review is
made and six selection criteria namely:
Cost, Quality, Service, Business performance, Techn
ical Capability and Delivery performance
are considered for evaluation. A detailed applicati
on of the proposed methodology is illustrated.
The proposed methodology is useful not only to judg
e the overall performance of the supplier
but also to know which criteria/sub-criteria need t
o be improved
Supplier Selection and Order Allocation Models in Supply Chain Management: A ...IJERA Editor
Supplier selection decisions are an important component of production and logistics management for many
firms. Such decisions entail the selection of individual suppliers to employ and the determination of order
quantities to be placed with the selected suppliers. This paper reviews supplier selection and order allocation
models based on an extensive search in the literature (170 paper during 2000-2016) and tries to show their
contribution to supply chain management. After discussing different methods and their applications, the most
prevalently used approaches and criteria are presented. In the second step, different attributes of these papers are
defined and finally issues for future research are recommended
Relationships among Supplier Selection Criteria using Interpretive Structural...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A new fuzzy dematel todim hybrid method for evaluation criteria of knowledge ...ijmvsc
Knowledge management (KM) adoption in the supply chain network needs a good investment as well as
few changes in the culture of the entire SC. Knowledge management is the process of creating,
distributing and transferring information. The goal of this study is to Rank KM criteria in supply chain
network in Iran which is important for firms these days. Criterion used in this paper were extracted from
the literature review and were confirmed by supply chain experts. The proposed approach for ranking and
finding out about these criterion is hybrid fuzzy DEMATEL-TODIM, with using fuzzy number as data for
our studies we could avoid uncertainty. The data was gathered from PhD. And Ms. Students in industrial
engineering of Kharrazmi university of Tehran and PhD. And Ms. Students of the management department
of Semnan university. A new hybrid approach was used for achieving the results of this study. This new
hybrid approach ranks data criteria respect to each other, then by using TODIM for ranking respect to
the best situation (gains), the rates of criterion were determined which is a very important advantage.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPPLIER SELECTION MODEL FOR MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT OF A THA...IAEME Publication
The purpose of this research is to establish a supplier selection model for
maintenance operations in the petrochemical industry in Thailand. The research
identifies six factors that could be relevant to supplier selection success, including cost,
quality, time, reliability, flexibility, and human resources. A survey was conducted of
experts in maintenance supplier management in one of Thailand’s large petrochemical
firms (n = 113). Results were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and
structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings showed that there were significant
effects of cost, quality, flexibility, and human resources on the supplier selection
success. However, factors including time and reliability were not significant. The
implication of this research is that cost, quality, flexibility and human resources should
be used to select appropriate suppliers in petrochemical maintenance operations.
Limitations and opportunities for further research are also discussed for the findings.
The Simulation of the Supply Chain in an Investment Company by Genetic Algori...Mohammad Ali Arjamfekr
Nowadays, the supply chain is considered as the most effective element among the economic and manufacturing enterprises and the reason of its foundation is the increase of the pressures by the customer demands on high quality and quick service. Time management in the supply chain causes quick service and the enhancement of customers’ satisfaction level that is the most important component for managing waiting reduction time. After the selection of the suitable supplier, the amount of optimal order of each one of the suppliers must be obtained, implementing using the multi-objective planning models. Thus the purpose of this study is to investigate the simulation of the supply chain in an investment company by genetic algorithm and PSO. This work is done using the multi-objective model design, with the purposes of reducing existing costs in chain, as well as maximizing the purchased materials’ quality from the suppliers.
Supplier Selection and Order Allocation Models in Supply Chain Management: A ...IJERA Editor
Supplier selection decisions are an important component of production and logistics management for many
firms. Such decisions entail the selection of individual suppliers to employ and the determination of order
quantities to be placed with the selected suppliers. This paper reviews supplier selection and order allocation
models based on an extensive search in the literature (170 paper during 2000-2016) and tries to show their
contribution to supply chain management. After discussing different methods and their applications, the most
prevalently used approaches and criteria are presented. In the second step, different attributes of these papers are
defined and finally issues for future research are recommended
Relationships among Supplier Selection Criteria using Interpretive Structural...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A new fuzzy dematel todim hybrid method for evaluation criteria of knowledge ...ijmvsc
Knowledge management (KM) adoption in the supply chain network needs a good investment as well as
few changes in the culture of the entire SC. Knowledge management is the process of creating,
distributing and transferring information. The goal of this study is to Rank KM criteria in supply chain
network in Iran which is important for firms these days. Criterion used in this paper were extracted from
the literature review and were confirmed by supply chain experts. The proposed approach for ranking and
finding out about these criterion is hybrid fuzzy DEMATEL-TODIM, with using fuzzy number as data for
our studies we could avoid uncertainty. The data was gathered from PhD. And Ms. Students in industrial
engineering of Kharrazmi university of Tehran and PhD. And Ms. Students of the management department
of Semnan university. A new hybrid approach was used for achieving the results of this study. This new
hybrid approach ranks data criteria respect to each other, then by using TODIM for ranking respect to
the best situation (gains), the rates of criterion were determined which is a very important advantage.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPPLIER SELECTION MODEL FOR MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT OF A THA...IAEME Publication
The purpose of this research is to establish a supplier selection model for
maintenance operations in the petrochemical industry in Thailand. The research
identifies six factors that could be relevant to supplier selection success, including cost,
quality, time, reliability, flexibility, and human resources. A survey was conducted of
experts in maintenance supplier management in one of Thailand’s large petrochemical
firms (n = 113). Results were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and
structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings showed that there were significant
effects of cost, quality, flexibility, and human resources on the supplier selection
success. However, factors including time and reliability were not significant. The
implication of this research is that cost, quality, flexibility and human resources should
be used to select appropriate suppliers in petrochemical maintenance operations.
Limitations and opportunities for further research are also discussed for the findings.
The Simulation of the Supply Chain in an Investment Company by Genetic Algori...Mohammad Ali Arjamfekr
Nowadays, the supply chain is considered as the most effective element among the economic and manufacturing enterprises and the reason of its foundation is the increase of the pressures by the customer demands on high quality and quick service. Time management in the supply chain causes quick service and the enhancement of customers’ satisfaction level that is the most important component for managing waiting reduction time. After the selection of the suitable supplier, the amount of optimal order of each one of the suppliers must be obtained, implementing using the multi-objective planning models. Thus the purpose of this study is to investigate the simulation of the supply chain in an investment company by genetic algorithm and PSO. This work is done using the multi-objective model design, with the purposes of reducing existing costs in chain, as well as maximizing the purchased materials’ quality from the suppliers.
Optimal Alternative Selection Using MOORA in Industrial Sector - A ijfls
Modern manufacturing organizations tend to face versatile challenges due to globalization, modern
lifestyle trends and rapid market requirements from both locally and globally placed competitors. The
organizations faces high stress from dual perspective namely enhancement in science and technology and
development of modern strategies. In such an instance, organizations were in a need of using an effective
decision making tool that chooses out optimal alternative that reduces time, complexity and highly
simplified. This paper explores a usage of new multi criteria decision making tool known as MOORA for
selecting the best alternatives by examining various case study. The study was covered up in two fold
manner by comparing MOORA with other MCDM and MADM approaches to identify its advantage for
selecting optimal alternative, followed by extending MOORA with interval grey numbers, crisp and interval
grey number and whitening coefficient and future scope of the present work concentrate on highlighting the
scope and gap between MOORA, Multiplicative form of MOORA(MULTIMOORA) and Multi objective
optimization on the basis of simple ratio analysis (MOOSRA) for numerous manufacturing and service
applications.
INTEGRATION OF IMPORTANCEPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND FUZZY DEMATELijcsit
The traditional Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) assumes that quality attributes are independent variables, and presupposes that explicit customers’ response data is used for assessing the importance and performance of quality attributes. Under this supposition, when the quality attribute has explicit causation data, the traditional IPA cannot correctly provide importance and priority of improvement. Moreover, the
influential degree of the traditional quality attributes is emphasized as maximum degree. This study employs regression analysis and the fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), which consider the fuzziness of human thinking, to calculate the causal relationship and the influential degree among each quality attribute, and then proposes a new methodology of decision analysis, which
modifies the traditional IPA and obtains the accurate importance and the improvement the quality attributes. In this study, a Taiwanese bank is an empirical case study, which illustrates the application and the effectiveness of integrating fuzzy DEMATEL and IPA.
Download Link > https://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/blog/modelling-the-supply-chain-perception-gaps/
This study applies the research of perception gap analysis to supply chain integration and develops a generic model, the 3-Level Gaps Model, with the goal of contributing to harmonization and integration in the supply chain. The model suggests that significant perception gaps may exist among supply chain members with regards to the importance of different performance criteria. The concept of the model is conceived through an empirical and inductive approach, combining the research discipline of supply chain relationship and perception gap analysis. First hand data has been collected through a survey across a key buyer in the motor insurance industry and its eight suppliers. Rigorous statistical analysis testified the research hypotheses, which in turn verified the validity and relevance of the developed 3-Level Gaps Model. The research reveals the significant existence of supply chain perception gaps at all three levels as defined, which could be the root-causes to underperformed supply chain.
Success in supply begins with the right choice of suppliers and in the long run is directly related to how suppliers are managed, because suppliers have a significant impact on the success or failure of a company. Multi-criteria decisions are approaches that deal with ranking and selecting one or more suppliers from a set of suppliers. Multi-criteria decisions provide an effective framework for comparing suppliers based on the evaluation of different criteria. The present research is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-survey based on the nature and method of the research. In the present study, two library and field methods have been used to collect information. According to the objectives of this study, suppliers will be evaluated using two methods of fuzzy hierarchical analysis with D-numbers. In order to better understand these two methods, a case study is presented in which suppliers are ranked using two methods and then the results are compared with each other. For manufacturing companies, 4 categories of parts were considered and based on the classification, the suppliers of the manufacturing company were evaluated and analyzed. In the results of suppliers of type A and B components in hierarchical analysis, D and fuzzy methods have many differences in the evaluation and ranking of suppliers, and this shows the lack of expectations of experts in D and fuzzy analysis. On the other hand, in type C and D components, the classification and ranking of suppliers have been matched in two ways and shows that the opinions in the evaluation of these suppliers are the same.
Factors that Influence the Supplier Selection of Manufacturing BusinessesQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : The objective of this study is to find out the factors that influence businesses in manufacturing industry while selecting suppliers. The data used in the study were obtained from 80 small and medium sized enterprises in Samsun organized industrial site and small industrial areas by using face-to-face questionnaire method. KMO and Barlett’s test were used to find out whether the data set used in the study was suitable for factor analysis. According to the results, KMO and Barlett’s test results (0.761) show that the sample size is sufficient for factor analysis. Factor analysis gave a 4 factor structure that explained 84.48% of the total variance. The names of these factors and their rates of explaining the total variance were quality 33.08%, delivery 20.29%, price 18.72% and criteria about the supplier 12.39%, respectively. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficients of these four factors and their sub-components were 0.978, 0.967, 0.920 and 0.602, respectively. As a conclusion, it was found that the businesses in manufacturing industry placed great importance on the quality and delivery of the product provided by the supplier. In addition, manufacturing businesses aim to supply quality products from the supplier with the lowest cost within the same period of time in accordance with their objectives.
Extending canonical action research model to implement social media in microb...Debashish Mandal
This paper points out the limitation of Canonical Action Research (CAR) during the adoption process of social media by microbusinesses. CAR is found rigid since it does not permit to iterate within its stages. A CAR project is used to demonstrate the need for such flexibility. Pragmatism leads to a trial-and-error problem solving approach defying the fixed stages of a cycle. Rigidity issue with CAR is observed in the literature leading to development of Action Design Research (ADR) model. ADR has two problems: (a) consulting orientation with no philosophical standpoint, focused on development of IT artefact; and (b) definition of IT artefact. ADR treats IT artefact as technology as structure restricting its use in other views of technology. This paper proposes a versatile CAR with elements of design research to be used in volatile, diminished theory driven situation wherein the primary focus is theoretical development arising from solving problems of the participants.
ROLE OF SUPPLIER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATIONAL PERFORM...muo charles
ROLE OF SUPPLIER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICE INDUSTRY IN KENYA. A CASE OF SAFARICOM LIMITED KENYA
User Perceptions to the Quality of Apemkislamets Learning Application Managem...Argo Ciptono
This paper is aim to know specify the service
attributes which should be improved or developed in
Apemkislamets application. The approach used is WebQual.
WebQual is a quality measurement approach for websites or
applications through user perceptions based on three dimensions:
Usability, information quality and services interaction quality.
The population in this study is Apilikasi Apemkislamets users
with the number of samples taken as much as 321 respondents by
convinience sampling. The research method used is survey with
questionnaire based on WebQual 4.0 that analyzed with IPA
(Importance Performance Analysis) to know the level of user
satisfaction which is gap between importance and performance.
The results of validity and reliability test show the whole item
questionnaire valid and reliable. The results showed that 18 items
analyzed by IPA method were grouped into Quadrant I (1 item),
Quadrant II (5 items), Quadrant III (9 items) and Quadrant IV
(3 items). Items that are considered important and need to be
located lies in the first quadrant is Design in accordance with the
type of application of Learning Administration. The result of
double correlation analysis also shows a strong correlation
between independent variable and dependent in this research.
Selection of Best Alternative in Manufacturing and Service Sector Using Multi...csandit
Modern manufacturing organizations tend to face versatile challenges due to globalization,
modern lifestyle trends and rapid market requirements from both locally and globally placed
competitors. The organizations faces high stress from dual perspective namely enhancement in
science and technology and development of modern strategies. In such an instance,
organizations were in a need of using an effective decision making tool that chooses out optimal
alternative that reduces time, complexity and highly simplified. This paper explores a usage of
new multi criteria decision making tool known as MOORA for selecting the best alternatives by
examining various case study. The study was covered up in two fold manner by comparing
MOORA with other MCDM and MADM approaches to identify its advantage for selecting
optimal alternative, followed by highlighting the scope and gap of using MOORA approach.
Examination on various case study reveals an existence of huge scope in using MOORA for
numerous manufacturing and service applications.
Sustainable supplier selection: the effect of logistical collaboration on log...IJERA Editor
This research assesses the effect of buyer-supplier collaboration on logistical performance by considering sustainable criteria. The paper presents the results of a survey with 124 respondents of the Brazilian organizations to understand the relationship among Third-Party Logistical (3PL), Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) industry and Carriers. The results disclose that elements of logistical collaboration (interpersonal, tactical and strategic) exert positive influence in logistical performance (reliability, transport and risk). The interpersonal and strategic collaboration indices positively influence the reliability, which performs the highest-level performance index.
Selection of Equipment by Using Saw and Vikor Methods IJERA Editor
Now a days, Lean manufacturing becomes a key strategy for global competition. In this environment the most important process is the selection of the equipment. Equipment selection is a very important issue for effective manufacturing companies due to the fact that improperly selected machines can negatively affect the overall performance of manufacturing system. The availability of large number of equipments are more hence, the selection of suitable equipment for certain operation/ product becomes difficult. On the other hand selecting the best equipment among many alternatives is a Multi-criteria decision making ( MCDM ) Problems. In this Paper an approach which employs SAW, VIKOR Methods proposed for the equipment selection problem. The SAW and VIKOR is used to analyze the structure of the equipment selection problem and to determine weights of criteria and to obtain Final Ranking
A M ODIFIED M ETHOD F OR P REDICTIVITY OF H EART R ATE V ARIABILITYcsandit
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) plays an important rol
e for reporting several cardiological and
non-cardiological diseases. Also, the HRV has a pro
gnostic value and is therefore quite
important in modelling the cardiac risk. The nature
of the HRV is chaotic, stochastic and it
remains highly controversial. Because the HRV has u
tmost importance, it needs a sensitive tool
to analyze the variability. In previous work, Rosen
stein and Wolf had used the Lyapunov
exponent as a quantitative measure for HRV detectio
n sensitivity. However, the two methods
diverge in determining the HRV sensitivity. This pa
per introduces a modification to both the
Rosenstein and Wolf methods to overcome their drawb
acks. The introduced Mazhar-Eslam
algorithm increases the sensitivity to HRV detectio
n with better accuracy.
H IDDEN M ARKOV M ODEL A PPROACH T OWARDS E MOTION D ETECTION F ROM S PEECH S...csandit
Emotions carry the token indicating a human’s menta
l state. Understanding the emotion
exhibited becomes difficult for people suffering fr
om autism and alexithymia. Assessment of
emotions can also be beneficial in interactions inv
olving a human and a machine. A system is
developed to recognize the universally accepted emo
tions such as happy, anger, sad, disgust,
fear and surprise. The gender of the speaker helps
to obtain better clarity for identifying the
emotion. Hidden Markov Model serves the purpose of
gender identification
C RITICAL A SSESSMENT OF A UDITING C ONTRIBUTIONS T O E FFECTIVE AND E FF...csandit
Database auditing has become a very crucial aspect
of security as organisations increase their
adoption of database management systems (DBMS) as m
ajor asset that keeps, maintain and
monitor sensitive information. Database auditing is
the group of activities involved in observing
a set of stored data in order to be aware of the ac
tions of users. The work presented here
outlines the main auditing techniques and methods.
Some architectural based auditing systems
were also considered to assess the contribution of
auditing to database security. Here a
framework of several stages to be used in the insti
gation of auditing is proposed. Some issues
relating to handling of audit trails are also discu
ssed in this paper. This paper also itemizes
some of the key important impacts of the concept to
security and how compliance with
government policies and regulations is enforced thr
ough auditing. Once the framework is
adopted, it will provide support to database audito
rs and DBAs.
Optimal Alternative Selection Using MOORA in Industrial Sector - A ijfls
Modern manufacturing organizations tend to face versatile challenges due to globalization, modern
lifestyle trends and rapid market requirements from both locally and globally placed competitors. The
organizations faces high stress from dual perspective namely enhancement in science and technology and
development of modern strategies. In such an instance, organizations were in a need of using an effective
decision making tool that chooses out optimal alternative that reduces time, complexity and highly
simplified. This paper explores a usage of new multi criteria decision making tool known as MOORA for
selecting the best alternatives by examining various case study. The study was covered up in two fold
manner by comparing MOORA with other MCDM and MADM approaches to identify its advantage for
selecting optimal alternative, followed by extending MOORA with interval grey numbers, crisp and interval
grey number and whitening coefficient and future scope of the present work concentrate on highlighting the
scope and gap between MOORA, Multiplicative form of MOORA(MULTIMOORA) and Multi objective
optimization on the basis of simple ratio analysis (MOOSRA) for numerous manufacturing and service
applications.
INTEGRATION OF IMPORTANCEPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND FUZZY DEMATELijcsit
The traditional Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) assumes that quality attributes are independent variables, and presupposes that explicit customers’ response data is used for assessing the importance and performance of quality attributes. Under this supposition, when the quality attribute has explicit causation data, the traditional IPA cannot correctly provide importance and priority of improvement. Moreover, the
influential degree of the traditional quality attributes is emphasized as maximum degree. This study employs regression analysis and the fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), which consider the fuzziness of human thinking, to calculate the causal relationship and the influential degree among each quality attribute, and then proposes a new methodology of decision analysis, which
modifies the traditional IPA and obtains the accurate importance and the improvement the quality attributes. In this study, a Taiwanese bank is an empirical case study, which illustrates the application and the effectiveness of integrating fuzzy DEMATEL and IPA.
Download Link > https://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/blog/modelling-the-supply-chain-perception-gaps/
This study applies the research of perception gap analysis to supply chain integration and develops a generic model, the 3-Level Gaps Model, with the goal of contributing to harmonization and integration in the supply chain. The model suggests that significant perception gaps may exist among supply chain members with regards to the importance of different performance criteria. The concept of the model is conceived through an empirical and inductive approach, combining the research discipline of supply chain relationship and perception gap analysis. First hand data has been collected through a survey across a key buyer in the motor insurance industry and its eight suppliers. Rigorous statistical analysis testified the research hypotheses, which in turn verified the validity and relevance of the developed 3-Level Gaps Model. The research reveals the significant existence of supply chain perception gaps at all three levels as defined, which could be the root-causes to underperformed supply chain.
Success in supply begins with the right choice of suppliers and in the long run is directly related to how suppliers are managed, because suppliers have a significant impact on the success or failure of a company. Multi-criteria decisions are approaches that deal with ranking and selecting one or more suppliers from a set of suppliers. Multi-criteria decisions provide an effective framework for comparing suppliers based on the evaluation of different criteria. The present research is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-survey based on the nature and method of the research. In the present study, two library and field methods have been used to collect information. According to the objectives of this study, suppliers will be evaluated using two methods of fuzzy hierarchical analysis with D-numbers. In order to better understand these two methods, a case study is presented in which suppliers are ranked using two methods and then the results are compared with each other. For manufacturing companies, 4 categories of parts were considered and based on the classification, the suppliers of the manufacturing company were evaluated and analyzed. In the results of suppliers of type A and B components in hierarchical analysis, D and fuzzy methods have many differences in the evaluation and ranking of suppliers, and this shows the lack of expectations of experts in D and fuzzy analysis. On the other hand, in type C and D components, the classification and ranking of suppliers have been matched in two ways and shows that the opinions in the evaluation of these suppliers are the same.
Factors that Influence the Supplier Selection of Manufacturing BusinessesQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : The objective of this study is to find out the factors that influence businesses in manufacturing industry while selecting suppliers. The data used in the study were obtained from 80 small and medium sized enterprises in Samsun organized industrial site and small industrial areas by using face-to-face questionnaire method. KMO and Barlett’s test were used to find out whether the data set used in the study was suitable for factor analysis. According to the results, KMO and Barlett’s test results (0.761) show that the sample size is sufficient for factor analysis. Factor analysis gave a 4 factor structure that explained 84.48% of the total variance. The names of these factors and their rates of explaining the total variance were quality 33.08%, delivery 20.29%, price 18.72% and criteria about the supplier 12.39%, respectively. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficients of these four factors and their sub-components were 0.978, 0.967, 0.920 and 0.602, respectively. As a conclusion, it was found that the businesses in manufacturing industry placed great importance on the quality and delivery of the product provided by the supplier. In addition, manufacturing businesses aim to supply quality products from the supplier with the lowest cost within the same period of time in accordance with their objectives.
Extending canonical action research model to implement social media in microb...Debashish Mandal
This paper points out the limitation of Canonical Action Research (CAR) during the adoption process of social media by microbusinesses. CAR is found rigid since it does not permit to iterate within its stages. A CAR project is used to demonstrate the need for such flexibility. Pragmatism leads to a trial-and-error problem solving approach defying the fixed stages of a cycle. Rigidity issue with CAR is observed in the literature leading to development of Action Design Research (ADR) model. ADR has two problems: (a) consulting orientation with no philosophical standpoint, focused on development of IT artefact; and (b) definition of IT artefact. ADR treats IT artefact as technology as structure restricting its use in other views of technology. This paper proposes a versatile CAR with elements of design research to be used in volatile, diminished theory driven situation wherein the primary focus is theoretical development arising from solving problems of the participants.
ROLE OF SUPPLIER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATIONAL PERFORM...muo charles
ROLE OF SUPPLIER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICE INDUSTRY IN KENYA. A CASE OF SAFARICOM LIMITED KENYA
User Perceptions to the Quality of Apemkislamets Learning Application Managem...Argo Ciptono
This paper is aim to know specify the service
attributes which should be improved or developed in
Apemkislamets application. The approach used is WebQual.
WebQual is a quality measurement approach for websites or
applications through user perceptions based on three dimensions:
Usability, information quality and services interaction quality.
The population in this study is Apilikasi Apemkislamets users
with the number of samples taken as much as 321 respondents by
convinience sampling. The research method used is survey with
questionnaire based on WebQual 4.0 that analyzed with IPA
(Importance Performance Analysis) to know the level of user
satisfaction which is gap between importance and performance.
The results of validity and reliability test show the whole item
questionnaire valid and reliable. The results showed that 18 items
analyzed by IPA method were grouped into Quadrant I (1 item),
Quadrant II (5 items), Quadrant III (9 items) and Quadrant IV
(3 items). Items that are considered important and need to be
located lies in the first quadrant is Design in accordance with the
type of application of Learning Administration. The result of
double correlation analysis also shows a strong correlation
between independent variable and dependent in this research.
Selection of Best Alternative in Manufacturing and Service Sector Using Multi...csandit
Modern manufacturing organizations tend to face versatile challenges due to globalization,
modern lifestyle trends and rapid market requirements from both locally and globally placed
competitors. The organizations faces high stress from dual perspective namely enhancement in
science and technology and development of modern strategies. In such an instance,
organizations were in a need of using an effective decision making tool that chooses out optimal
alternative that reduces time, complexity and highly simplified. This paper explores a usage of
new multi criteria decision making tool known as MOORA for selecting the best alternatives by
examining various case study. The study was covered up in two fold manner by comparing
MOORA with other MCDM and MADM approaches to identify its advantage for selecting
optimal alternative, followed by highlighting the scope and gap of using MOORA approach.
Examination on various case study reveals an existence of huge scope in using MOORA for
numerous manufacturing and service applications.
Sustainable supplier selection: the effect of logistical collaboration on log...IJERA Editor
This research assesses the effect of buyer-supplier collaboration on logistical performance by considering sustainable criteria. The paper presents the results of a survey with 124 respondents of the Brazilian organizations to understand the relationship among Third-Party Logistical (3PL), Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) industry and Carriers. The results disclose that elements of logistical collaboration (interpersonal, tactical and strategic) exert positive influence in logistical performance (reliability, transport and risk). The interpersonal and strategic collaboration indices positively influence the reliability, which performs the highest-level performance index.
Selection of Equipment by Using Saw and Vikor Methods IJERA Editor
Now a days, Lean manufacturing becomes a key strategy for global competition. In this environment the most important process is the selection of the equipment. Equipment selection is a very important issue for effective manufacturing companies due to the fact that improperly selected machines can negatively affect the overall performance of manufacturing system. The availability of large number of equipments are more hence, the selection of suitable equipment for certain operation/ product becomes difficult. On the other hand selecting the best equipment among many alternatives is a Multi-criteria decision making ( MCDM ) Problems. In this Paper an approach which employs SAW, VIKOR Methods proposed for the equipment selection problem. The SAW and VIKOR is used to analyze the structure of the equipment selection problem and to determine weights of criteria and to obtain Final Ranking
A M ODIFIED M ETHOD F OR P REDICTIVITY OF H EART R ATE V ARIABILITYcsandit
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) plays an important rol
e for reporting several cardiological and
non-cardiological diseases. Also, the HRV has a pro
gnostic value and is therefore quite
important in modelling the cardiac risk. The nature
of the HRV is chaotic, stochastic and it
remains highly controversial. Because the HRV has u
tmost importance, it needs a sensitive tool
to analyze the variability. In previous work, Rosen
stein and Wolf had used the Lyapunov
exponent as a quantitative measure for HRV detectio
n sensitivity. However, the two methods
diverge in determining the HRV sensitivity. This pa
per introduces a modification to both the
Rosenstein and Wolf methods to overcome their drawb
acks. The introduced Mazhar-Eslam
algorithm increases the sensitivity to HRV detectio
n with better accuracy.
H IDDEN M ARKOV M ODEL A PPROACH T OWARDS E MOTION D ETECTION F ROM S PEECH S...csandit
Emotions carry the token indicating a human’s menta
l state. Understanding the emotion
exhibited becomes difficult for people suffering fr
om autism and alexithymia. Assessment of
emotions can also be beneficial in interactions inv
olving a human and a machine. A system is
developed to recognize the universally accepted emo
tions such as happy, anger, sad, disgust,
fear and surprise. The gender of the speaker helps
to obtain better clarity for identifying the
emotion. Hidden Markov Model serves the purpose of
gender identification
C RITICAL A SSESSMENT OF A UDITING C ONTRIBUTIONS T O E FFECTIVE AND E FF...csandit
Database auditing has become a very crucial aspect
of security as organisations increase their
adoption of database management systems (DBMS) as m
ajor asset that keeps, maintain and
monitor sensitive information. Database auditing is
the group of activities involved in observing
a set of stored data in order to be aware of the ac
tions of users. The work presented here
outlines the main auditing techniques and methods.
Some architectural based auditing systems
were also considered to assess the contribution of
auditing to database security. Here a
framework of several stages to be used in the insti
gation of auditing is proposed. Some issues
relating to handling of audit trails are also discu
ssed in this paper. This paper also itemizes
some of the key important impacts of the concept to
security and how compliance with
government policies and regulations is enforced thr
ough auditing. Once the framework is
adopted, it will provide support to database audito
rs and DBAs.
In economical societies of today, using cash is an inseparable aspect of human life. People use
cashes for marketing, services, entertainments, bank operations and so on. This huge amount of
contact with cash and the necessity of knowing the monetary value of it caused one of the most
challenging problems for visually impaired people. In this paper we propose a mobile phone
based approach to identify monetary value of a picture taken from cashes using some image
processing and machine vision techniques. While the developed approach is very fast, it can
recognize the value of cash by average accuracy of about 95% and can overcome different
challenges like rotation, scaling, collision, illumination changes, perspective, and some others
In this paper, a modified invasive weed optimization (IWO) algorithm is presented for
optimization of multiobjective flexible job shop scheduling problems (FJSSPs) with the criteria
to minimize the maximum completion time (makespan), the total workload of machines and the
workload of the critical machine. IWO is a bio-inspired metaheuristic that mimics the
ecological behaviour of weeds in colonizing and finding suitable place for growth and
reproduction. IWO is developed to solve continuous optimization problems that’s why the
heuristic rule the Smallest Position Value (SPV) is used to convert the continuous position
values to the discrete job sequences. The computational experiments show that the proposed
algorithm is highly competitive to the state-of-the-art methods in the literature since it is able to
find the optimal and best-known solutions on the instances studied.
STATE SPACE GENERATION FRAMEWORK BASED ON BINARY DECISION DIAGRAM FOR DISTRIB...csandit
This paper proposes a new framework based on Binary Decision Diagrams (BDD) for the graph distribution problem in the context of explicit model checking. The BDD are yet used to represent the state space for a symbolic verification model checking. Thus, we took advantage of high compression ratio of BDD to encode not only the state space, but also the place where each state will be put. So, a fitness function that allows a good balance load of states over the nodes of an homogeneous network is used. Furthermore, a detailed explanation of how to
calculate the inter-site edges between different nodes based on the adapted data structure is presented
Twitter is a popular microblogging service where users create status messages (called
“tweets”). These tweets sometimes express opinions about different topics; and are presented to
the user in a chronological order. This format of presentation is useful to the user since the
latest tweets from are rich on recent news which is generally more interesting than tweets about
an event that occurred long time back. Merely, presenting tweets in a chronological order may
be too embarrassing to the user, especially if he has many followers. Therefore, there is a need
to separate the tweets into different categories and then present the categories to the user.
Nowadays Text Categorization (TC) becomes more significant especially for the Arabic
language which is one of the most complex languages.
In this paper, in order to improve the accuracy of tweets categorization a system based on
Rough Set Theory is proposed for enrichment the document’s representation. The effectiveness
of our system was evaluated and compared in term of the F-measure of the Naïve Bayesian
classifier and the Support Vector Machine classifier.
Adaptive Trilateral Filter for In-Loop Filteringcsandit
High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) has achieved si
gnificant coding efficiency improvement
beyond existing video coding standard by employing
several new coding tools. Deblocking
Filter, Sample Adaptive Offset (SAO) and Adaptive L
oop Filter (ALF) for in-loop filtering are
currently introduced for the HEVC standard. However
, these filters are implemented in spatial
domain despite the fact of temporal correlation wit
hin video sequences. To reduce the artifacts
and better align object boundaries in video, a prop
osed algorithm in in-loop filtering is
proposed. The proposed algorithm is implemented in
HM-11.0 software. This proposed
algorithm allows an average bitrate reduction of ab
out 0.7% and improves the PSNR of the
decoded frame by 0.05%, 0.30% and 0.35% in luminanc
e and chroma.
Performance of the Maximum Stable Connected Dominating Sets in the Presence o...csandit
The topology of mobile ad hoc networks
(
MANETs
)
change dynamically with time. Connected
dominating sets
(
CDS
)
are considered to be an effective topology for net
work-wide broadcasts
in MANETs as only the nodes that are part of the CD
S need to broadcast the message and the
rest of the nodes merely receive the message. Howev
er, with node mobility, a CDS does not exist
for the entire duration of the network session and
has to be regularly refreshed
(
CDS
transition
)
. In an earlier work, we had proposed a benchmarkin
g algorithm to determine a
sequence of CDSs
(
Maximum Stable CDS
)
such that the number of transitions is the global
minimum. In this research, we study the performance
(
CDS Lifetime and CDS Node Size
)
of the
Maximum Stable CDS when a certain fraction of the n
odes in the network are static and
compare the performance with that of the degree-bas
ed CDSs. We observe the lifetime of the
Maximum Stable CDS to only moderately increase
(
by a factor of 2.3
)
as we increase the
percentage of the static nodes in the network; on t
he other hand, the lifetime of the degree-based
CDS increases significantly
(
as large as 13 times
)
as we increase the percentage of static nodes
from 0 to 80
.
The Appropriateness of the Factual Density as an Informativeness Measure for ...csandit
In circumstances where the receptivity of the onlin
e news is affected by the media bias in
covering public attention events, the quality of th
e textual component is of pervasive importance
for a reliable perception of their informativeness.
Aware of this threat, several natural language
processing techniques have been developed for the p
urpose of capturing the quality of the web
content based on the concepts of objectivity classi
fication and stylometric features, knowledge
maturing, factual density, or simple word count. Th
is paper explores the appropriateness of the
factual density as an adequate quality measure of t
he information reported on the missing
Malaysia Airliners Flight 370 as a public attention
event. The results suggest that the factual
density needs to be applied under strict conditions
in terms of increased confidence level of the
textual news content, if its substance is a subject
of capitalization as a referent source of
information.
ENHANCING PERFORMANCE OF AN HPC CLUSTER BY ADOPTING NONDEDICATED NODES csandit
Persona-sized HPC clusters are widely used in many small labs, because they are cost-effective
and easy to build. Instead of adding costly new nodes to old clusters, we may try to make use of
some servers’ idle times by including them working independently on the same LAN, especially
during the night. However such extension across a firewall raises not only some security
problem with NFS but also a load balancing problem caused by heterogeneity. In this paper, we
propose a method to solve such problems using only old techniques applicable to old systems as
is, without requiring any upgrade for hardware or software. Some experimental results dealing
with heterogeneity and load balancing are presented using a two-queue overflow queuing
network problem.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEL-SPONSORED REAL-TIME MULTIVIEW FACE DETECTI...csandit
The paper introduces a case study of design and implementation of Intel-sponsored real-time
face detection system conducted in University of Michigan—Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Joint Institute (JI). This work is teamed up totally by 15 JI students and developed in three
phases during 2013 and 2014. The system design of face detection is based on Intel High
Definition (HD) 4000 graphics and OpenCL. With numerous techniques including the
accelerated pipeline over CPU and GPU, image decomposition, two-dimensional (2D) task
allocation, and the combination of Viola-Jones algorithm and continuously adaptive mean-shift
(Camshift) algorithm, the speed reaches 32 fps for real-time multi-view face detection. Plus, the
frontal view detection accuracy obtains 81% in Phase I and reaches 95% for multi-view
detection, in Phase III. Furthermore, an innovative application called face-detection game
controller (FDGC) is developed. At the time of this writing, the technology has been
implemented in wearable devices and mobile with Intel cores.
Designing a Routing Protocol for Ubiquitous Networks Using ECA Schemecsandit
We have designed a novel Event-Condition-Action (ECA) scheme based Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector(ECA-AODV) routing protocol for a Ubiquitous Network (UbiNet). ECA-AODV
is designed to make routing decision dynamically and quicker response to dynamic network conditions as and when event occur. ECA scheme essentially consists of three modules to make
runtime routing decision quicker. First, event module receive event that occur in a UbiNet and split up event into event type and event attributes. Second, condition module obtain event details from event module split up each condition into condition attributes that matches event and fire
the rule as soon as condition hold. Third, action module make runtime decisions based on event obtained and condition applied. We have simulated and tested the designed ECA scheme by considering ubiquitous museum environment as a case study with nodes range from 10 to 100.
The simulation results show the time efficient with minimal operations.
One of the most important issues concerning the designing a supply chain is selecting the supplier. Selecting proper suppliers is one of the most crucial activities of an organization towards the gradual improvement and a promotion in performance. This intricacy is because suppliers fulfil a part of customer’s expectancy and selecting among them is multi-criteria decision, which needs a systematic and organized approach without which this decision may lead to failure. The purpose of this research is proposing a new method for assessment and rating the suppliers. We have identified several evaluation criteria and attributes; the selection among them was by the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) method, then we have specified the connection and the influence of the criteria on each other by DEMATEL method. After that, suppliers were graded by using the Fuzzy Analytical Network Process (FANP) approach and the most efficient one was selected. The innovation of this research is combining the SMART method, DEMATEL method, and Analytical Network Process in Fuzzy state which lead to more exact and efficient results which is proposed for the first time by the researchers of this study.
Most original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are strategically involved in supplier base rationalization and increased consciousness of sustainable development. This reinforces need for accurately considering sustainability in supplier selection to improve organizational
performance. In real industrial case, problems are unavoidable and pose huge challenge to
accurately incorporate sustainability factors into supplier selection. Such problems include
imprecise data, ambiguity of human judgment, uncertainty among sustainability factors and the
need to capture all subjective and objective criteria
Selection of Supplier by Using Saw and Vikor MethodsIJERA Editor
Now a days, Lean manufacturing becomes a key strategy for global competition. In this environment the most important process is the efficient selection of suppliers. In any organization various criteria such as quality, cost, location etc are used for the selection of supplier which plays a vital role in the industry. In the present work multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods are used such as SAW method and VIKOR method. It is used to select the best supplier for implementing the spring manufacturing industry. Choice of the efficient supplier could be a complicated and is a complex problem and this draw back associate degreed a key success for an organization. In this paper linguistic fuzzy data is used to search out the ratings and weights and also the introduced methodologies employed to pick the efficient supplier
Selection of Best Supplier in Furniture Manufacturing Company by Using Analyt...IJERA Editor
The selection of supplier is one of the most critical decisions in the design and development of a successful production environment. In this study, a user friendly decision support system is proposed for supplier selection. This system guides the decision maker in selecting proper supplier via effective algorithms, such as the Analytic Hierarchy process (AHP) Cost analysis helps the user evaluate the results based on economical considerations. Selection of supplier is a time consuming process which needs extensive data exploitation. The process of supplier selection is a multi- criteria decision-making problem with conflicting and diverse objectives. In this work a systematic methodology is presented under the consideration of multiple factors and objectives that are witnessed to be crucial to the construction process. The model includes building an analytic hierarchy structure with a tree of hierarchical criteria and alternatives to ease the decision-making.
4313ijmvsc02A FUZZY AHP APPROACH FOR SUPPLIER SELECTION PROBLEM: A CASE STUDY...ijmvsc
Supplier selection is one of the most important functions of a purchasing department. Since by deciding the best supplier, companies can save material costs and increase competitive advantage. However this decision becomes complicated in case of multiple suppliers, multiple conflicting criteria, and imprecise parameters. In addition the uncertainty and vagueness of the experts’ opinion is the prominent characteristic of the problem. Therefore an extensively used multi criteria decision making tool Fuzzy AHP can be utilized as an approach for supplier selection problem. This paper reveals the application of Fuzzy AHP in a gear motor company determining the best supplier with respect to selected criteria. The contribution of this study is not only the application of the Fuzzy AHP methodology for supplier selection problem, but also releasing a comprehensive literature review of multi criteria decision making problems. In addition by stating the steps of Fuzzy AHP clearly and numerically, this study can be a guide of the methodology to be implemented to other multiple criteria decision making problems.
Decision support systems, Supplier selection, Information systems, Boolean al...ijmpict
For organizations operating with number of products/services and number of suppliers, to select the right
supplier meeting all their requirements will be a challenging job. Such organizations need a good
decision support system to evaluate the suppliers effectively. Several decision support systems have been
reported to deal with complex selection process to decide the right supplier. Many mathematical models
have also been developed. This paper presents a new method, named as Bit Decision Making (BDM)
method, which treats such complex system of decision making as a collection and sequence of reasonable
number of meaningful and manageable sub-systems by identifying and processing the relevant decision
criteria in each sub-system. Help of Boolean logic and Boolean algebra is taken to assign binary digit
values to the selection criteria and generate mathematical equations that correlate the inputs to the output
at each stage of decision making. Each sub-system with its own mathematical model has been treated as a
standardized decision sub-system for that phase of making decision in evaluating suppliers. The sequence
and connectivity of the sub-systems along with their outputs finally lead to selection of the best supplier. A
real-world case of evaluation of information technology (IT) tenders has been dealt with for application of
the proposed method. The paper discusses in detail the theory, methodology, application and features of
the new method.
A BENCHMARK MODEL FOR INTERNAL ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRY USING FUZZY TOPSIS APPR...ijmech
Internal assessment is one of the most important factor of an industry, needs appropriate improvement
planning between the departments with development of Benchmark model among them. The proposed study
applies Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution to rank different alternatives.
The preliminary results indicate that the proposed model is capable of determining appropriate
competition between departments which are Human Resource, Finance, Production, Quality Assurance. To
remove the subjectivity, the linguistic data about the attributes is converted into a crisp score by using
fuzzy numbers and then the different alternatives are evaluated based on attributes by TOPSIS approach to
find the best alternative according to the industry’s requirement. Thus the endeavor has been made by the
authors to give a simple model for the evaluation of internal assessment of an industry
TOP 10 MOST CITED ARTICLES IN JANUARY 2024 - International Journal of Ma...ijmvsc
International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains ( IJMVSC ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of value and supply chain management. The journal provides a platform to disseminate new ideas and new research, advance theories, and propagate best practices in the management of value and supply chain management, looking across both product and service-based businesses. This will include works based in service management, logistics and distribution, operations management, process management, flow control, and customer service. The journal offers a forum in which academics, consultants, and practitioners in a variety of fields can exchange ideas to further research and improve practices in all areas of business. The International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains ( IJMVSC ) seek to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in the management of both product and service-based organizations around the world.
FGIC2019FGIC 2nd Conference on Governance and Integrity 2019ChereCheek752
FGIC2019
FGIC 2nd Conference on Governance and Integrity 2019
Volume 2019
Conference Paper
An Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach in
Decision-Making for Material Selection in an
Automotive Company: A Case Study
Cheng Jack Kie, Ahmed Khalif Hassan, Norhana Mohd Aripin, and Rafiuddin
Mohd Yunus
Faculty of Industrial Management, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300
Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang
Abstract
This study is an approach to investigate and to choose the suitable material for the
fabrication of tools trolley to ensure the good quality of the product. The project team
of an automotive manufacturing company is planning to fabricate 100 sets of tools
trolley in the assembly shop. This study was developed to describe an approach based
on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) that can assist decision-makers and continuous
improvement engineers in determining the most suitable material to be employed in
fabrication process at the early stage of the product development to reduce the cost.
The selected main criteria are Material Strength, Material Cost, Procurement Lead Time
and Duration of Fabrication Process while the four materials that will be considered in
this study are Aluminium, Steel Tube, and Square Tube. Finally, the results show that
Square Tube is recommended as the most suitable material for the in-house tools for
trolley fabrication.
Keywords: analytic hierarchy process, decision-making, continuous improvement,
fabrication process.
1. Introduction
Material process selection is a method to determine the most suitable material to
fabricate a product. Many researchers have agreed on the importance of material
selection process, especially during the early stage of the product development phase.
Determining the most suitable and appropriate material in the early stage can avoid
additional cost if changes are needed to be carried out after the early stage of the
product development process (Ravisankar, Balasubramanian & Muralidharan, 2004).
However, it is a difficult task with a complex decision because various factors have to
be considered during the process.
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a tool that can be used at the conceptual
design stage in the product development process (Hambali et al., 2010; Subramanian &
How to cite this article: Cheng Jack Kie, Ahmed Khalif Hassan, Norhana Mohd Aripin, and Rafiuddin Mohd Yunus, (2019), “An Analytic Hierarchy
Process Approach in Decision-Making for Material Selection in an Automotive Company: A Case Study” in FGIC 2nd Conference on Governance
and Integrity 2019, KnE Social Sciences, pages 472–484. DOI 10.18502/kss.v3i22.5067
Page 472
Corresponding Author:
Cheng Jack Kie
[email protected]
Received: 5 August 2019
Accepted: 14 August 2019
Published: 18 August 2019
Publishing services provided by
Knowledge E
Cheng Jack Kie et al. This
article is distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use and
redistribu ...
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Implementation and Validation of Supplier Selection Model for Planner Machine...IJSRD
Supplier selection is the process through which firms identify, evaluate, and contract with suppliers. The supplier selection process deploys a tremendous amount of a firm’s financial resources. In return, manufacturing industries expect important benefits from contracting with suppliers offering high value. Like many complex supply chain problems, vendor selection problems are not so well defined which can be handed over completely to computers, whereas many human characteristics are also essential to the issues. In this paper attention is given to the fuzzy System helps Vendor Selection Problem (VSP) for Radial Drilling Bed (RDB). It required expert’s view, conversion it into fuzzy term, making 8 rule base Model with implementing Fuzzy System using MATLAB. At ending point, conclusions and likely areas of Fuzzy in selecting vendors are present.
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The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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2. 68 Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
drivers of supply chain performance. Uses of suitable criteria with appropriate methodologies are
necessary for performance evaluation of a supplier. In the literature, it is observed that supplier
selection and evaluation methods were based on quoted price, quality, business relations, lead
time etc., constitute a multi-criteria or multi-objective decision making problem. The overall
objective of the supplier selection process is to identify, evaluate, contract with the suppliers and
optimum quota allocation to the suppliers. Boer et al (2001) made a review on decision methods
on supplier selection based on academic literature. Byun (2001) presented Analytical Hierarch
Process (AHP) approach for vendor selection and identified supplier reliability, product quality
and supplier experiences are the critical factors for effective supplier selection in Korean
automobiles. Muralidharan et al (2002) suggested guidelines for comparing supplier attributes
using a five-point rating scale and developed aggregation technique for combining group
member’s preferences into one consensus for supplier rating. In the supplier selection process,
organizations judge the supplier’s ability to meet the requirements of the organization to survive
in the intensely competitive global economy. Dulmin and Mininno (2003) used multi-criteria
decision analysis method in supplier selection problem using PROMETHEE and GAIA
methodology. Rajkumar and Ray (2004) identified attributes and factors relevant for
performance evaluation of suppliers through fuzzy inference system of the MATLAB fuzzy logic
tool box. Venkatasubbaiah and Narayana Rao (2004) considered thirty three sub-criteria under six
main criteria reported in the literature in four decision hierarchy levels for supplier selection using
AHP. Very often, experts opinion is the prominent characteristic of multi-criteria decision
making problems and this impreciseness of human’s judgments can be handled through the fuzzy
sets theory developed by Zadeh (1965). Fuzzy set theory effectively incorporates imprecision
and subjectivity into the model formulation and solution process. Chen et al (2006) adopted
TOPSIS concept in fuzzy environment to incorporate imprecision and subjectivity into the model
formulation and solution process to determine the ranking order of the suppliers. The author
considered the factors such as quality, price, and flexibility and delivery performance. Lee et al
(2007) adopted Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to analyze the importance of multiple
factors by incorporating the experts’ opinions to select Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal
Display (TFT-LCD) suppliers. Narayana Rao et al (2007) illustrated fuzzy outranking technique
for selection of supplier using minimum and gamma operators for aggregating the concordance
and discordance indices of the alternative suppliers to arrive the ranking of suppliers with
credibility values. Shouhua Yuan et al (2008) proposed DEA, AHP and fuzzy set theory to
evaluate the overall performance of suppliers of a manufacturing company. Enyinda et al (2010)
adopted analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model and implemented using Expert Choice Software
for a supplier selection problem in a generic pharmaceutical organization. Elanchezhian et al
(2010) adopted analytical network process (ANP) and TOPSIS method for select the best vendor.
Jitendra Kumar and Nirjhar Roy (2010), adopted a hybrid model using analytic hierarchy process
(AHP) and neural networks (NNs) theory to assess vendor performance. Yucel and Guneri (2011)
assessed the supplier selection factors through fuzzy positive ideal rating and negative ideal rating
to handle ambiguity and fuzziness in supplier selection problem and developed a new weighted
additive fuzzy programming approach. Yang and Jiang (2012) proposed AHM (Analytic
Hierarchy Method) and M(1,2,3) methodology to evaluate the supply chains’ overall
performance. Durga Prasad et al (2012) proposed and illustrated the methodology for evaluating
the efficiency and performance of the suppliers using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
technique. Amindoust (2012) proposed and illustrated ranking methodology in fuzzy environment
with sustainable supplier selection criteria/sub-criteria. Abbasi et al (2013) proposed a framework
and applied QFD/ANP to rank the relative importance of the key attributes in selection of
suppliers. Galankashi et al (2013) presented supplier Selection for Electrical Manufacturing
Companies Based on Different Supply Chain Strategies using AHP. Eshtehardian et al (2013),
3. Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT) 69
presented a decision support system to the supplier selection in the construction and civil
engineering companies using AHP and ANP simultaneously. Om pal et al (2013) presented
review on supplier selection criteria and methods basing on research reported in the supply chain
management area. Deshmukh and Vasudevan (2014) explored criteria that are important for green
supplier selection, as evident in literature and gathered from discussions with experts. Ergün and
Atalay (2014) proposed FAHP and FTOPSIS for evaluation of suppliers of an electronic
company.
From the review of literature, it is observed that there is limited research in group decision
approach for prioritizing the supplier selection criteria in fuzzy environment. Further,
classification of a supplier belongs to a particular class basing on the data mining technology is
also limited. In lieu of this, a hybrid methodology is proposed for evaluation of supplier’s
performance and illustrated by considering the supplier of a pharmaceutical company. In the
methodology, Fuzzy positive Ideal Rating and Fuzzy Negative Ideal rating approach is adopted to
find out the importance weights of criteria/sub-criteria. Then, Membership transformation
method – M(1,2,3) is adopted to find out the grade of overall performance of a supplier. Proposed
methodology is explained in section two. Numerical Illustration is presented in section three.
Results and discussion is made in section four. Finally, the conclusions are summarized with
future scope in section five.
2. METHODOLOGY
Step 1: Establish Evaluation Index System of Supplier Performance
An Organization has to identify criteria for supplier selection to evaluate whether the supplier fits
its competitive strategy and supply chain strategy .The total performance of the supplier depends
on the capabilities in each criteria/sub criteria and the relative importance given to them.
Step 2: Determine importance weights of the criteria/sub criteria
Fuzzy Positive Ideal Rating (FPIR) and Fuzzy Negative Ideal Rating (FNIR) are used to compute
the weights of the criteria/sub criteria (Yucel and Guneri, 2011).
Step 3: Membership Transformation through “Effective, Comparison and
Composition”
Membership transformation method – M(1,2,3) proposed by Hua and Ruan (2009) as discussed in
the following steps is adopted to determine the evaluation matrix of the alternative.
Step 3.1: Determine Evaluation Membership ( )jk Qµ
Percentage of satisfaction among the domain experts under each class is considered as evaluation
matrix of each criterion.
( )jk Qµ =membership of jth
sub-criteria of the criteria group ‘Q’ belonging to the kth
fuzzy
membership class.
4. 70 Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
Step 3.2: Determine Distinguishable Weights ( ( )j Qα )
Distinguishable weight represents the normalized and quantized value obtained from the
following relation.
1
( ) ( )/ ( ) ( 1.. )=
= =∑
m
j j jj
Q v Q v Q j mα
Where
( ) 1 (1/ log( ))* ( )= −j jv Q p H Q
1
( ) ( )*log ( )
=
= −∑
p
j jk jk
k
H Q Q Qµ µ
( )jv Q = weight of the jth sub criteria of the evaluation criteria object ‘Q’ obtained from
uncertainty in the payoff information of the sub criteria
( )jH Q = Measure of uncertainty in the payoff information of the jth sub criteria of the evaluation
criteria object ‘Q’
Step 3.3: Determine Comparable sum Vector ( )kM Q
Comparable value of the sub criteria under the given criteria is determined from the following
relation
( )kM Q = 1
( )* ( )* ( )=∑
m
j j jkj
Q Q Qβ α µ
( )j Qβ = Importance Weight Vector of sub-criteria
Step 3.4: Determine Membership Vector ( )k Qµ
Membership vector of the object ‘Q’ belonging to class ‘k’ is determined from the following
relation.
( )k Qµ =
1
( ) / ( )
=
∑
p
k k
k
M Q M Q
Step 3.5: Determine Evaluation Matrix of the alternative U(S)
Membership matrix of all the criteria of the object ‘Q’ is determined and evaluation matrix is
formed as shown below.
5. Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT) 71
U(S)=
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
( 4)
..
..
C
C
C
C
µ
µ
µ
µ
Step 4: Determine Final membership Vector ( )Sµ
Once the evaluation matrix of the goal and the weights of the each criterion are known the
procedure is repeated from the step 3.1 to 3.5 is repeated to obtain the final membership vector of
the goal.
Step 5: Determine the grade of overall Performance (KO)
Overall performance of the alternative is determined by applying confidence recognition rule
(Confidence degree: λ >0.7)
KO = min {k|
1
( )
=
≥∑
k
k
k
Sµ λ }
3. NUMERICAL ILLUSTRATION
In this paper, supplier performance evaluation using proposed methodology is illustrated with a
numerical example. Supplier’s performance metrics taken from the literature (Venkatasubbaiah et
al., 2004; Lee et al., 2007; Narayana rao et al., 2007) are considered for performance evaluation
of supplier. The evaluation hierarchy is organized into three layers namely, Goal, Criterion layer
and sub-criterion layer as shown in fig 1.
Figure 1: Hierarchy of Evaluation Index System of Supplier performance
6. 72 Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
Evaluation of supplier performance is considered as goal. Supplier evaluation criteria namely,
Quality (Q), Cost (C), Service (S), Business performance (BP), Technical Capability (TC) and
Delivery are considered at criterion level. Sub-criteria under each criterion are given below.
Sub-criteria under Quality (Q): Product durability and Reliability (PDR); Quality systems (QS);
Percent Rejection (PR); Reputation and Position in the market (RP);
Sub-criteria under Cost (C): Competitive Pricing (CP); Unit Price (UP); Quantity Discount (QD);
Payment Terms (PT);
Sub-criteria under Service (S): Handling of Complaints (HC); Availability of product/service
(APS); Training equipment (TE); Flexibility (FL);
Sub-criteria under Business Performance (BP): Financial Stability (FS); IT usage (IT);
Management Capability (MC); Personnel Capability (PC);
Sub-criteria under Technical Capability (TC): Technical Support (TS); Technology Know How
(TKH); Understanding of Technology (UT); Performance History (PH);
3.6 Sub-criteria under Delivery Performance (DP): Delivery of Lead Time (DLT); Expeditation
of Orders (EO); Flexible Transportation Modes (FTM); Safety and Security of Components (SS);
Necessary data on the relative importance of criteria/sub-criteria gathered from discussions with
the managers of Purchasing, Logistics, Quality Control and Production departments of a
pharmaceutical company. These industries need to improve their supply chain performance by
concentrating on supplier issues to face with the uncertainty within the business environment.
3.1 Relative weights of the criteria/sub-criteria
Relative weights of criteria/sub-criteria are determined as discussed in step 2 of the methodology
section. Data is collected by discussion with the managers of Purchasing, Logistics, Quality
Control and Production departments to assess the relative importance of the criteria on the
supplier performance. Degree of relative importance of criteria is presented with the linguistic
variables: Nill-NL;Very Low- VL; Low-L; Medium Low- ML; M- Medium; Medium High-
MH; High- H;Very High- VH; Full- F; Aggregated responses of the importance of criteria and
sub-criteria in terms of the linguistic variables by the employees of different departments are
shown in the table 1.
The study considered the above criteria/sub-criteria from the literature and these are prioritized.
Relative weights of criteria and sub-criteria are determined from the aggregated responses shown
table 1 and table 2 respectively through Fuzzy Positive Ideal Rating (FPIR) and Fuzzy Negative
Ideal Rating (FNIR) approach as discussed in step 2 of the methodology section. Relative weights
of criteria and sub-criteria are shown in table 3.From table 3 it is observed that Quality criterion
is highly prioritized followed by Technical capability, Delivery Performance, Cost, Service and
Business Performance. This is due to the fact that the pharmaceutical company considers Quality
is the most important criterion that must be evaluated for successful selection of the supplier.
Technical Capability criterion is ranked second since it is an obvious consideration for any
pharmaceutical company. Relative weights of the criteria/sub-criteria are shown in fig 2
7. Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT) 73
Table 1: Aggregated Responses on Criteria
Table 2: Aggregated Responses of Sub-criteria
8. 74 Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
Table 3: Relative weights of the criteria/sub criteria
Table 4: Evaluation Responses and Memberships
9. Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT) 75
Figure 2: Relative weights of the criteria/sub-criteria
3.2 Evaluation Membership
Data on the given supplier performance sub-criteria is obtained from 75 employees of production,
Logistics, Quality control and Marketing & sales departments of the pharmaceutical company. No
of employees responded regarding the satisfaction levels in five classes and the membership
values are shown in table 4.
3.3 Evaluation matrix
Evaluation Matrix is determined as discussed in step 3 of methodology section. Evaluation matrix
of supplier’s performance is shown below.
U(S) =
( ) 0.1530 0.1400 0.3896 0.2093 0.1081
( ) 0.1632 0.1583 0.3779 0.1576 0.1429
( ) 0.2365 0.2420 0.2606 0.1422 0.1187
( ) 0.3324 0.2039 0.1825 0.1503 0.1309
( ) 0.2581 0.1901 0.2357 0.1751 0.1411
( ) 0.
=
C
S
BP
TC
Q
DP
µ
µ
µ
µ
µ
µ 2458 0.1234 0.3459 0.1566 0.1283
3.4 Final membership Vector
Final membership vector of the supplier’s performance is determined as discussed in step 4 of the
methodology section. The Final membership vector of the supplier’s performance is shown
below.
( )( ) 0.2218 0.1639 0.3182 0.1699 0.1262=Sµ
10. 76 Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
3.5 Grade of Overall Performance of the supplier
From the numerical illustration, according to the final membership vector, it is observed that the
overall performance of the supplier belongs to the ‘General’ level with the confidence level of
70.39% (22.18%+16.39%+31.82%).
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Evaluation membership of supplier’s performance is shown in fig 2. From the figure, it is
understood that Technical Capability (TC) of the supplier is showing relatively high confidence
level of performances of 33.24% in ‘Very Satisfied’ level. Cost (C), Service (S), Supplier
performance in respect of Business performance (BP), Technical Capability (TC), Quality (Q),
and Delivery Performance (DP) are showing confidence levels of 38.96%, 37.79%, 26.06%,
18.25%, 23.57% and 34.59% respectively in ‘General’ level.
Figure 2: Evaluation memberships of supplier’s performance criteria
From the results of the final membership values, it can be judged that the performance of the
supplier is considered as ‘General’ level as the obtained confidence level (70.39%) is more than
the minimum confidence level of 70%. Overall confidence level with ‘Very Satisfied’ is only
22.18% indicates that the supplier should improve the performance from every criteria. In the
context of supplier evaluation for a pharmaceutical company, the suppliers need to improve
quality, technical capability and delivery performance such that the purchasing company will be
capable of rapidly responding to changes to their customer demands. Implementing continuous
quality improvement methods, making use of latest equipments and machines, implementing new
thoughts in business processes will be useful to improve the supplier’s performance
5. CONCLUSIONS
The proposed methodology is a hybrid methodology that combined the FPIR/FNIR approach with
Membership transformation method – M (1,2,3) to evaluate the performance of supplier. The
proposed methodology is useful not only to judge the overall performance of the supplier but also
to know which criteria/sub-criteria need to be increased. The proposed hybrid method is useful to
evaluate the supplier’s performance as it is affected by the subjective judgment involved in
11. Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT) 77
measuring of the criteria/sub-criteria by the stake holders. The methodology maybe extended for
the supplier evaluation and selection basing on the supply chain strategy (Lean, Agile and
Leagile). To this effect, it requires critical judgment to assess the relative weights among the
criteria basing on lean, agile and leagile supply chain strategies. Also, the study can be extended
to other areas of decision making in evaluation and ranking of alternatives. Also, the performance
of the proposed method can be improved by reducing the subjective judgment in prioritizing the
factors/sub-factors.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are very much thankful to the reviewer for making constructive comments to
improve the quality of the paper.
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