The document discusses summaries, paraphrases, and quotations as three techniques for incorporating other writers' ideas into one's own writing. It explains that summaries are general restatements of the main idea, paraphrases are more specific restatements of short passages, and quotations use the original word-for-word language. All three require citations to avoid plagiarism.

1. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &
QUOTATIONQUOTATION
 What do summaries,What do summaries,
paraphrases, and quotes allowparaphrases, and quotes allow
writers to do?writers to do?
 They are 3 ways of incorporatingThey are 3 ways of incorporating
other writers' ideas into your ownother writers' ideas into your own
writing.writing.

2. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &
QUOTATIONQUOTATION
 How do summaries, paraphrases,How do summaries, paraphrases,
and quotes differ from one another?and quotes differ from one another?
 They differ according to the similarityThey differ according to the similarity
ofof youryour writing to the source writing.writing to the source writing.
 They differ according to theThey differ according to the level oflevel of
specificityspecificity in communicating the ideasin communicating the ideas
of the source writing.of the source writing.

3. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &
QUOTATIONQUOTATION
 A SummaryA Summary::
 Is a general restatement of the main idea of a
passage.
 Is the most general of the three techniques.
 Requires that you clearly understand the
original passage so you do not distort its
meaning.
 Uses your own original wording and sentence
structure—otherwise, it’s plagiarism.
 Is much shorter in length than the original.
 Requires a parenthetical citation—otherwise,
it’s plagiarism.
 A parenthetical citation consists of the author’s last
name and the page number(s) of the borrowed

4. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &
QUOTATIONQUOTATION
 A ParaphraseA Paraphrase::
 Is a precise restatement of a short passage—
usually no more than a sentence or two.
 Is more specific than summary, but more
general than a quotation
 Requires that you clearly understand the
original passage so you do not distort its
meaning.
 Uses your own original wording and sentence
structure—otherwise, it’s plagiarism.
 Is usually very close to the same length as the
original passage.
 Requires a parenthetical citation—otherwise,
it’s plagiarism.

5. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &
QUOTATIONQUOTATION
 A Quotation:
 Is identical to the original—word for
word.
 Is the most specific of the three
techniques, but should be used the
least.
 Should never stand by itself as a
complete sentence (known as a “floating
quote”). Instead, integrate every quote
into a sentence of your own.
 Requires a parenthetical citation—

6. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &
QUOTATIONQUOTATION
 A Quotation:
 Is identical to the original—word for
word.
 Is the most specific of the three
techniques, but should be used the
least.
 Should never stand by itself as a
complete sentence (known as a “floating
quote”). Instead, integrate every quote
into a sentence of your own.
 Requires a parenthetical citation—