The document emphasizes the importance of paraphrasing and summarizing in research writing, detailing when to use these techniques and how to properly cite them in APA style. Paraphrasing involves restating another's ideas in your own words while changing the structure, and it still requires citation, as does summarizing main ideas succinctly. Quoting is used for striking phrases or ideas, requiring exact words from the source with proper attribution.

1. PARAPHRASING
AND
SUMMARIZING
in
Research Writing
AMNAH
ALBULOUSHI

2. Learning Goals
● To understand why it is important to learn to
paraphrase and summarize
● To understand when to use paraphrasing,
summarizing and quoting in research writing
● To learn the basic APA style for citing a
paraphrased, quoted or summarized text.

3. Why paraphrase?
• To simplify an idea that may be more complex in
original source
• To highlight only the most relevant part in the
way you understand it
• To avoid having too many quotes in your
literature review
• To integrate other authors’ ideas more efficiently
in your writing

4. Paraphrasing
 Paraphrasing is restating—in your own words—
someone else’s ideas. Changing a few words of the
original sentences is NOT paraphrasing.
 You must change both the words and the sentence
structure of the original, without changing the
content.
 Sentences and phrases translated from another
language and incorporated in discussion are also
examples of paraphrase.

5. Paraphrasing
• Paraphrased passages still require citation
because the ideas came from another source, even
though you are putting them in your own words.
• APA Style guide prescribes that:
o Paraphrased text is cited in-text by mentioning
author’s last name and the year of publication in a
parenthesis at end of the paraphrase.
o The in-text entry is properly referenced in the
reference list.

6. Why summarize?
• To expand the breadth of your writing by
summarizing the main ideas of several
publications
• To cover a larger body of relevant literature
• To present important ideas in a succinct way to
avoid redundancy

7. Summarizing
• Summarizing means putting the main idea(s)
into your own words, including only the main
point(s).
• Summaries are significantly shorter than the
original and take a broad overview of the source
material.
• Summarized ideas must also be attributed to the
original source through in-text citation- author’s
last name +year of publication.

8. Why quote?
• To highlight a particularly striking phrase,
sentence, or passage that strengthens your
argument
• To distance yourself from the original by quoting
it in order to cue readers that the words are not
your own
• To emphasize on a certain idea, phrase or words
in your discussion

9. Quoting
● A quote is identical to the original and must match
the source document word for word.
– A quote is a small segment of the source and it can be:
 a whole paragraph
 a sentence
 a phrase or
 a word.
● A quote must be cited in-text with author’s last name,
year of publication and page number from the
original source.