The document summarizes key events that contributed to the Sulu crisis in the Philippines: 1) The Jabidah Massacre in 1968, where 28 Muslim recruits were killed by the Philippine army after discovering they were being trained to infiltrate Sabah, Malaysia. This ignited calls for Moro independence. 2) The Manili Massacre in 1971, where armed men killed 70 Muslims in a mosque, suspected to be from the Ilaga militant group backed by the Philippine Constabulary. 3) The Tacub Massacre later in 1971, where Philippine soldiers massacred at least 40 Muslims at an election roadblock. These massacres increased conflict between Muslims and Christians in Mindana

1. MINDANAO-SULU CRISIS
GROUP 1 - TOPIC 2

2. SULU
◦ Sulu is a province in the Philippines situated in the Bangsamoro Autonomous
Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) occupying the Sulu Archipelago and the
provinces of Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao in central Mindanao. Its capital is
the Municipality of Jolo.
◦ Sulu Archipelago - The Sulu Archipelago islands are within the Mindanao island
group, consisting of the provinces of Basilan, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi; hence the
archipelago is sometimes referred to as Basulta, derived from the first syllables of
the three provinces.

3. There are 3 events contributes to the occurrence
of the crisis.
◦The Jabidah Massacre
◦The Manili Massacre
◦The Tacub Massacre

4. The Jabidah Massacre
The Jabidah Massacre was an incident that occurred in the Philippines in 1968. It
concerns an alleged event in which a number of Muslim trainees were slain by
their fellow troops on the Philippine island of Corregido
Operation Merdeka, a military operation to infiltrate and destabilize Sabah
Jabidah Commandos, a special commando unit allegedly trained in secret by the
Philippine Army for the said operation
28 Muslim Recruits were treacherously and summarily executed by Philippine
Army personnel

5. The Muslim recruits were told at first that they were trained to
fight “communists”
Upon learning the truth, they mutinied
One trainee escaped to tell the tale which became infamous
in the Philippine Politics
Rapid deterioration of the Philippine-Malaysian relations
The Jabidah Massacre was a main event which ignited the call
for Moro Independence
Many Moros were appalled and incensed at the brutal and
inhuman treatment towards the Muslim recruits.

6. The Jabidah Massacre: The After-effects Muslim Independence
Movement (MIM)
 Later changed to Mindanao Independence Movement
 May 1, 1968, Cotabato Province
 Governor Datu Udtog Matalam
 Aimed at the establishment of an Islamic Republic of Mindanao and
Sulu Anti-Government Activities
 By a small group of Muslim intellectuals and students in Manila
 Guerilla Warfare
 For the seccession of Moro land

7. The Manili Massacre
The Manili massacre was a mass murder of 70 Moro Muslims, including women and children,
conducted on June 19, 1971, in a mosque in Manili, Carmen, North Cotabato, Philippines. A
group of armed men disguised in clothes identical to those used by members of the Philippine
Constabulary opened fire on the town's Muslim population who had assembled in their mosque
to engage in a claimed peace discussion with Christian organizations.
It was suspected that the Ilaga militant group were the attack's perpetrators, but there were also
allegations that the Philippine Constabulary had collaborated with the Ilaga.
Feliciano Lucas, also known as "Commander Toothpick", the Ilaga leader who was the prime
suspect in the crime, was released after he "surrendered" to Ferdinand Marcos at the Malacañang
Palace.

8.  In response to the incident, former Libyan leader
Muammar Gaddafi provided military aid to the
secessionist group Moro National Liberation Front.

9. The Tacub Massacre
◦ The Tacub massacre occurred on October 24, 1971, when Philippine government
soldiers massacred a group of Muslim Moros at a military roadblock. The Moros
were returning from voting in a special election; they had been turned away from
polling stations in Magsaysay, Lanao del Norte, by the Ilaga. The forces were
eventually identified as Philippine Army personnel stationed at Tacub,
Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte, which gave rise to the incident's name, and
Christian civilians. At least 40 Moros were slaughtered. According to some
estimates, the death toll might be as high as 66.

10. By the end of 1971
- Mindanao War had taken a toll of 800 lives and 100,000 refugees
September 21, 1972
- President Marcos declared Martial Law and one of the reasons of doing so was the
existence of conflict between Muslims and Christians in Mindanao and Sulu
July 4, 1971
- in Wao, Lanao del Sur a grenade exploded inside a mosque, over 60 Muslims
evacuated over the mountains to Lanao Lake