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- 4. What is Terrorism? •Theuse of terror and violence to intimidate (Webster’s Dictionary). •Is defined as the use of fear to pressure a person or a community to act contrary to reason (Current Issues)
- 5. Philippine Islamic Militant Groups •MoroNational Liberation Front (MNLF) •Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
- 6. •Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters(BIFF) •Abu Sayyaf •Maute Group
- 7. MORO NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT •Isa political organization in the Philippines that was founded in 1969 by Nur Misuari.
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- 9. •Its primary goalhas been to establish an independent state for the Muslim population in Mindanao, particularly for the Moro people who have long felt marginalized by the Philippine government.
- 10. •More immediate causesof insurgency rose out of the increasing lawlessness in the southern Philippines when violence associated with political disputes, personal feuds and armed gangs proliferated.
- 11. •Already in competitionover land, economic resources and political power, the Moros became increasingly alarmed by the immigration of Christians from the north who were making Moros a minority in what they felt was their own land.
- 13. Nur Misuari •Guided theMNLF as the chairman. •Believed that the Moro constituted a separate people which was the BangsaMoro.
- 15. •He claimed thatthe Muslims can only free themselves from corrupt leaders and implement institutions in an independent state •Tension between the native Muslim population and the newly-arrived Christian population sparked its creation.
- 16. •September 21, 1972- Martial Law was declared in the Philippines - the government attempted to disarm the Muslims which provoked an open rebellion.
- 17. •MNLF began arebellion against the gov’t on October 1972. •Government troops and Muslim rebels clashed
- 18. •Organization of theIslamic Conference (OIC) – appealed to the gov’t to end its repression of Muslims. •President Marcos ordered a ceasefire, proposed a peace plan, but MNLF rejected.
- 19. •OIC mediated betweenthe government & MNLF in Tripoli parties agreed to a cessation of military hostilities. •On March 1977, Marcos issued a proclamation establishing an autonomous region in Mindanao.
- 20. On March 1977, Marcos issueda proclamation establishing an autonomous region in Mindanao.
- 21. •Referendum was boycottedby the MNLF. •Government troops and Muslim rebels clashed. •Muslim civilians fled to Sabah as refugees.
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- 23. •President Corazon Aquino& MNLF representatives signed a ceasefire agreement on September 1986. •Government and MNLF signed the Jeddah Accord on January 1987.
- 24. • Government and MNLF signedthe Jeddah Accord on January 1987.
- 25. •MNLF agreed toabandon its campaign for independence in favor of autonomy for Mindanao island. •Nur Misuari, expressed dissatisfaction with the level of autonomy granted by the Jeddah Accord.
- 26. •MNLF resumed itsrebellion against the government . •Approval of a plan providing autonomy of the Moro provinces-MNLF called upon Muslims to boycott the referendum. •OIC mediated, ceasefire agreement was signed by the gov’t & MNLF
- 27. •September 1996 wasthe signing of the Final Peace Agreement, also known as the Jakarta Accord, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao was established with Nur Misuari as its governor.
- 28. • September 1996 wasthe signing of the Final Peace Agreement, also known as the Jakarta Accord
- 30. •This agreement formally endedthe armed conflict between the MNLF and the Philippine government and established mechanisms for the integration of MNLF combatants into Philippine society.
- 31. •World Bank andJapan provided reconstruction assistance in the ARMM beginning 2002.