The document discusses different terrorist groups operating in the Philippines, including the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). It provides background on their origins, goals, leadership, activities and timeline of major events. The ASG was formed in 1991 with the aim of establishing an Islamic state in Mindanao, and finances operations through robbery, piracy and kidnapping. The MILF split from the Moro National Liberation Front in 1981 seeking greater autonomy and an Islamic state, and continues low-level insurgency against the government despite peace agreements.
This document discusses terrorism, including defining it as the unlawful use of force against people or property to intimidate governments or populations for political goals. It outlines some terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda, causes of terrorism like religious extremism and poverty, and examples of terrorist attacks over the years such as in Mumbai, London, and Delhi. These attacks have social, political, and economic impacts. Prevention measures discussed include education, security, and unity. Government acts against terrorism are also mentioned.
Moro National Liberation Front & Moro Islamic Liberation FrontAika Mae Borbon
The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) was created in 1969 to establish an independent Muslim state in the southern Philippines. It began a rebellion in 1972 that led to clashes with government troops. Peace agreements in the 1970s and 1980s established autonomous regions but did not satisfy MNLF goals. The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) split from MNLF in 1984, also seeking an independent state. It rejected autonomous regions and clashed with government troops until peace agreements in the 2000s established new autonomous regions while delays have stalled full implementation. Both groups have had on-and-off peace negotiations and ceasefires with the government over several decades while pursuing self-determination.
The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) was founded in 1930 by Crisanto Evangelista and other labor leaders. In 1942, during the Japanese occupation, the CPP formed its armed wing called the Hukbalahap to fight the Japanese. After the occupation, the CPP laid down its arms and adopted legal struggle. In 1969, Jose Maria Sison and others founded the CPP's armed wing, the New People's Army, to continue armed revolution. There have been many attempts at peace talks between the CPP-NPA and Philippine governments over the decades, but an enduring peace agreement has remained elusive.
Karl Marx believed that rebellions ultimately aim to overthrow the ruling class and replace the existing political and economic system with one better suited to a new ruling class. The United Nations defines insurgency as an organized movement that uses subversion and armed conflict to overthrow a constituted government. Rebellion refers to open resistance against established authority and has existed throughout history, with some of the most well-known rebels including George Washington, Spartacus, Pancho Villa, and Mohandas Gandhi.
The document outlines Republic Act 9262, also known as the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004. It defines violence against women and their children and provides protective measures for victims. Key points include defining domestic violence, dating violence and sexual violence; establishing the family court's jurisdiction over cases; granting protection orders for victims; and requiring government agencies to provide services like shelters, counseling and rehabilitation programs.
The document defines basic intelligence terms and outlines the intelligence cycle. It explains that the intelligence cycle involves continuous collection of information, processing it through recording, evaluation and interpretation, and disseminating the resulting intelligence to units. The key steps are: 1) Planning collection based on commander's needs, 2) Collecting information using formats like SALUTE, 3) Processing through recording, evaluation and interpretation, 4) Disseminating the intelligence for use. The cycle is continuous as new information feeds back into planning future collection.
The document discusses military traditions and customs in the Philippines Armed Forces. Some key traditions mentioned include the tradition of valor from battles in World War II, the tradition of duty as dedicated public servants, and the tradition of loyalty to the nation and military leadership. Many customs are also outlined, such as salutes, flag ceremonies, military weddings, and courtesy calls between officers of different ranks. The document provides a thorough overview of the principles, standards, and practices that serve as established guidelines for the Philippine military.
The Times and Tales of Mindanao: Revisiting history and understanding the Mindanao conflict
By: Ms. Rufa Cagoco Guiam, Director, Campus Institute for Peace and Development in Mindanao, Mindanao State University - General Santos
This document discusses terrorism, including defining it as the unlawful use of force against people or property to intimidate governments or populations for political goals. It outlines some terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda, causes of terrorism like religious extremism and poverty, and examples of terrorist attacks over the years such as in Mumbai, London, and Delhi. These attacks have social, political, and economic impacts. Prevention measures discussed include education, security, and unity. Government acts against terrorism are also mentioned.
Moro National Liberation Front & Moro Islamic Liberation FrontAika Mae Borbon
The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) was created in 1969 to establish an independent Muslim state in the southern Philippines. It began a rebellion in 1972 that led to clashes with government troops. Peace agreements in the 1970s and 1980s established autonomous regions but did not satisfy MNLF goals. The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) split from MNLF in 1984, also seeking an independent state. It rejected autonomous regions and clashed with government troops until peace agreements in the 2000s established new autonomous regions while delays have stalled full implementation. Both groups have had on-and-off peace negotiations and ceasefires with the government over several decades while pursuing self-determination.
The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) was founded in 1930 by Crisanto Evangelista and other labor leaders. In 1942, during the Japanese occupation, the CPP formed its armed wing called the Hukbalahap to fight the Japanese. After the occupation, the CPP laid down its arms and adopted legal struggle. In 1969, Jose Maria Sison and others founded the CPP's armed wing, the New People's Army, to continue armed revolution. There have been many attempts at peace talks between the CPP-NPA and Philippine governments over the decades, but an enduring peace agreement has remained elusive.
Karl Marx believed that rebellions ultimately aim to overthrow the ruling class and replace the existing political and economic system with one better suited to a new ruling class. The United Nations defines insurgency as an organized movement that uses subversion and armed conflict to overthrow a constituted government. Rebellion refers to open resistance against established authority and has existed throughout history, with some of the most well-known rebels including George Washington, Spartacus, Pancho Villa, and Mohandas Gandhi.
The document outlines Republic Act 9262, also known as the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004. It defines violence against women and their children and provides protective measures for victims. Key points include defining domestic violence, dating violence and sexual violence; establishing the family court's jurisdiction over cases; granting protection orders for victims; and requiring government agencies to provide services like shelters, counseling and rehabilitation programs.
The document defines basic intelligence terms and outlines the intelligence cycle. It explains that the intelligence cycle involves continuous collection of information, processing it through recording, evaluation and interpretation, and disseminating the resulting intelligence to units. The key steps are: 1) Planning collection based on commander's needs, 2) Collecting information using formats like SALUTE, 3) Processing through recording, evaluation and interpretation, 4) Disseminating the intelligence for use. The cycle is continuous as new information feeds back into planning future collection.
The document discusses military traditions and customs in the Philippines Armed Forces. Some key traditions mentioned include the tradition of valor from battles in World War II, the tradition of duty as dedicated public servants, and the tradition of loyalty to the nation and military leadership. Many customs are also outlined, such as salutes, flag ceremonies, military weddings, and courtesy calls between officers of different ranks. The document provides a thorough overview of the principles, standards, and practices that serve as established guidelines for the Philippine military.
The Times and Tales of Mindanao: Revisiting history and understanding the Mindanao conflict
By: Ms. Rufa Cagoco Guiam, Director, Campus Institute for Peace and Development in Mindanao, Mindanao State University - General Santos
Abu Sayyaf is an Islamist separatist terrorist group based in Isabela City in the southern Philippines. It was founded in the early 1990s by Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani and has since had multiple leaders. While originally focused on separatism, the group shifted over time to criminal activities like kidnapping for ransom in order to fund its operations. Some of its most notorious attacks include the bombing of a ferry in 2004 that killed over 100 people and the kidnapping of tourists from a Malaysian resort in 2000.
The continued violence and atrocities on civilians and other protected persons during armed conflicts call for an effective enforcement of command and superior responsibility..
The document defines terrorism as unlawful acts of violence intended to intimidate governments or societies to achieve political, religious, or ideological goals. It discusses the goals and methods of terrorists, including producing widespread fear, gaining media attention, extorting money, and destroying economies. Various types of terrorism are outlined such as state terrorism, bio terrorism, and cyber terrorism. Prominent terrorist attacks like 9/11 and the Mumbai attacks are mentioned. Solutions proposed include stringent anti-terrorism laws, a federal investigative agency, modern counter-terrorism equipment, and public cooperation with governments.
The document provides an overview of key events in Philippine history from the Spanish colonial period through World War II. It discusses the Spanish-American War and Battle of Manila Bay in 1898 which led to U.S. occupation. It also covers the Philippine Declaration of Independence, Philippine-American War, capture of Aguinaldo, and establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth. During World War II, it summarizes the Japanese invasion and occupation from 1941-1944, including the Bataan Death March and formation of resistance groups like the Hukbalahap.
Signal communication is any method of conveying information from one person or place to another, excluding direct communication. Signals must be memorized and practiced to be used correctly in conditions where verbal commands may be inadequate. Some common forms of signal communication discussed are radio communication, sound signals like whistles or bells, visual signals like lights or hand signals, and Morse code. Guidelines are provided for proper radio transmission and use of prowords to ensure clear communication.
The document summarizes the American colonial period in the Philippines from 1898 to 1946. It discusses three key points:
1. The Americans implemented a military then civil government and promised to establish democracy and independence. They developed the economy and infrastructure.
2. The Filipinos resisted occupation through literature, peasant revolts, and a political campaign for independence. This led to the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935.
3. The Commonwealth existed as a semi-independent government until 1946, though World War 2 interrupted this when the Philippines fell under Japanese occupation from 1942-1944.
During Fidel Ramos's presidency from 1992-1998, he enacted laws and policies to manage the country's energy demands, protect the environment and natural resources, and provide a more responsive local government structure. Ramos generated $20 billion in foreign investments through extensive international travel and helped establish the Philippines as an "Asian Tiger Cub" economy. His administration celebrated the Philippine Centennial, implemented clean and green campaigns, and secured peace agreements that stabilized the country and economy.
students presentation itroduction to cpp npa ndfDennis Cana
The document provides background information on the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), its armed wing the New People's Army (NPA), and political wing the National Democratic Front (NDF). It discusses the founding and history of the CPP/NPA/NDF, their organizational structure and policies, and examples of their violent and illegal activities over the years such as killings, bombings, extortion, and recruitment of minors and students. It also lists companies that were forced to close due to NPA harassment and violence.
The Abu Sayyaf group was founded in 1991 in the southern Philippines by Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani with the goal of establishing an independent Islamic province. It operates mainly in the Sulu Archipelago and engages in bombings, kidnappings, and assassinations. Leadership passed to Khadaffy Janjalani after Abdurajik's death in 1998, and the group shifted its focus more to kidnappings for ransom. It remains one of the most active terrorist groups in the southern Philippines despite efforts by the government to defeat it.
Phil Criminal Justice Process (Presentation)probation
The criminal justice process in the Philippines involves law enforcement apprehending suspected violators. Cases may be diverted at various stages if there is insufficient evidence. They proceed to prosecution if probable cause exists and to courts for trial. If convicted, offenders serve time in jail/prison or probation. Diversion can occur through parole, pardon or probation. The process involves pillars of law enforcement, prosecution, courts, corrections and community involvement.
The document summarizes key events in Philippine history during the American period from 1898 to 1946. It discusses the Spanish-American War and Treaty of Paris in which Spain ceded control of the Philippines to the US. This led to the Philippine-American War as Filipinos resisted American rule. The US established a military government and then an Insular Government. Filipino nationalist movements grew and the US passed laws gradually granting more autonomy, leading to a Commonwealth period and full independence being established after World War 2.
The document contains messages from several Philippine government officials congratulating the Philippine National Police (PNP) on publishing their "Compendium of Six Operational Master Plans". The compendium provides concise summaries of the PNP's operational plans to address threats like criminality and will help officers better understand and implement the plans. The officials encourage all PNP officers to read the compendium to effectively carry out their tasks according to applicable laws and procedures.
The document discusses the history and current state of relations between the Philippines and the United States. It began with the Philippines declaring independence from Spain in 1898 and subsequent conflict with the US, but relations evolved into cooperation and mutual respect over time. The US granted the Philippines independence in 1946. Currently, the two countries have a robust strategic partnership spanning defense cooperation, legislative affairs, and economic/trade relations, with the US as one of the Philippines' top sources of foreign investment.
The Spanish-American War lasted from April 1898 to August 1898 and resulted in the U.S. acquiring territories from Spain in the western Pacific and Latin America. This included the Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, and Cuba. Fighting then broke out between the U.S. and Filipino revolutionaries from 1899-1902 as the Filipinos did not want to be ruled by the U.S. after the Treaty of Paris transferred control of the Philippines from Spain to America. This Philippine-American War involved conventional battles in 1899 followed by guerrilla warfare and resulted in over 20,000 Filipino and 4,300 American deaths, many from disease. The U.S. gained control of the Philippines by 1902,
Terrorism causes, effects, and solutionsSrun Sakada
This document defines terrorism and discusses its causes and impacts. Terrorism is defined by the FBI and US Department of Defense as the unlawful use or threat of violence against people or property to intimidate for political goals. It discusses two types of terrorism: national (directed internally without foreign influence) and international (foreign-based or directed). Causes mentioned include social/political injustice, belief that violence achieves goals, religion, illiteracy, and injustice. Impacts involve economic losses from death/damage, societal fear and suspicion, and complicated international politics. Solutions proposed are education to understand cultural differences, eliminating root causes like funding sources, and addressing injustices that radicalize individuals.
This document provides a summary of bail amounts for various felonies and offenses under the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines. Some key offenses listed include abandonment, abduction, abortion, acts of lasciviousness, adultery, arson, assault, bribery, and brigandage, along with their corresponding penalties and bail amounts. Felonies with no bail required are those that carry the death penalty or life imprisonment upon conviction.
This document outlines standard operating procedures for Philippine police units. It discusses policies for maintaining police blotters, coordinating operations between units, use of force guidelines, arrest procedures, crime scene management, and search and seizure protocols. Police units must keep separate blotters for cases involving violence against women and children to protect privacy. Officers are instructed to use reasonable and proportional force, issue warnings before using force, and file reports after discharging firearms. When responding to calls, priorities are aiding the injured, apprehending criminals, and protecting crime scenes.
[2012 12-04 3] - terrorism definition and typeCarlos Oliveira
The document discusses definitions of terrorism and analyzes prevailing definitions. It notes that an agreed upon international definition is lacking due to various perspectives and complexities. Existing definitions are seen as vague, biased and based on self-interests. They also fail to distinguish between terrorism and legitimate freedom struggles. The document proposes that a comprehensive discussion under the UN is needed to develop a definition that is not influenced by self-interests and differentiates terrorism from freedom fighting and guerrilla warfare. It also outlines various types of terrorism like religious and nationalist terrorism that exist due to factors like globalization and social injustice.
Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of violence against people or property to intimidate or coerce a government for political or social goals. It is a tactic that has been used throughout history to make a point through instilling fear psychologically. There are different types of terrorist groups and motives, and terrorism can involve the use of explosives, firearms, or biological, chemical, and nuclear materials to carry out attacks. While terrorism poses risks, preventing it involves reducing root causes like cultural misunderstandings, promoting human rights, and establishing surveillance and protective systems.
Abu Sayyaf is an Islamist separatist terrorist group based in Isabela City in the southern Philippines. It was founded in the early 1990s by Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani and has since had multiple leaders. While originally focused on separatism, the group shifted over time to criminal activities like kidnapping for ransom in order to fund its operations. Some of its most notorious attacks include the bombing of a ferry in 2004 that killed over 100 people and the kidnapping of tourists from a Malaysian resort in 2000.
The continued violence and atrocities on civilians and other protected persons during armed conflicts call for an effective enforcement of command and superior responsibility..
The document defines terrorism as unlawful acts of violence intended to intimidate governments or societies to achieve political, religious, or ideological goals. It discusses the goals and methods of terrorists, including producing widespread fear, gaining media attention, extorting money, and destroying economies. Various types of terrorism are outlined such as state terrorism, bio terrorism, and cyber terrorism. Prominent terrorist attacks like 9/11 and the Mumbai attacks are mentioned. Solutions proposed include stringent anti-terrorism laws, a federal investigative agency, modern counter-terrorism equipment, and public cooperation with governments.
The document provides an overview of key events in Philippine history from the Spanish colonial period through World War II. It discusses the Spanish-American War and Battle of Manila Bay in 1898 which led to U.S. occupation. It also covers the Philippine Declaration of Independence, Philippine-American War, capture of Aguinaldo, and establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth. During World War II, it summarizes the Japanese invasion and occupation from 1941-1944, including the Bataan Death March and formation of resistance groups like the Hukbalahap.
Signal communication is any method of conveying information from one person or place to another, excluding direct communication. Signals must be memorized and practiced to be used correctly in conditions where verbal commands may be inadequate. Some common forms of signal communication discussed are radio communication, sound signals like whistles or bells, visual signals like lights or hand signals, and Morse code. Guidelines are provided for proper radio transmission and use of prowords to ensure clear communication.
The document summarizes the American colonial period in the Philippines from 1898 to 1946. It discusses three key points:
1. The Americans implemented a military then civil government and promised to establish democracy and independence. They developed the economy and infrastructure.
2. The Filipinos resisted occupation through literature, peasant revolts, and a political campaign for independence. This led to the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935.
3. The Commonwealth existed as a semi-independent government until 1946, though World War 2 interrupted this when the Philippines fell under Japanese occupation from 1942-1944.
During Fidel Ramos's presidency from 1992-1998, he enacted laws and policies to manage the country's energy demands, protect the environment and natural resources, and provide a more responsive local government structure. Ramos generated $20 billion in foreign investments through extensive international travel and helped establish the Philippines as an "Asian Tiger Cub" economy. His administration celebrated the Philippine Centennial, implemented clean and green campaigns, and secured peace agreements that stabilized the country and economy.
students presentation itroduction to cpp npa ndfDennis Cana
The document provides background information on the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), its armed wing the New People's Army (NPA), and political wing the National Democratic Front (NDF). It discusses the founding and history of the CPP/NPA/NDF, their organizational structure and policies, and examples of their violent and illegal activities over the years such as killings, bombings, extortion, and recruitment of minors and students. It also lists companies that were forced to close due to NPA harassment and violence.
The Abu Sayyaf group was founded in 1991 in the southern Philippines by Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani with the goal of establishing an independent Islamic province. It operates mainly in the Sulu Archipelago and engages in bombings, kidnappings, and assassinations. Leadership passed to Khadaffy Janjalani after Abdurajik's death in 1998, and the group shifted its focus more to kidnappings for ransom. It remains one of the most active terrorist groups in the southern Philippines despite efforts by the government to defeat it.
Phil Criminal Justice Process (Presentation)probation
The criminal justice process in the Philippines involves law enforcement apprehending suspected violators. Cases may be diverted at various stages if there is insufficient evidence. They proceed to prosecution if probable cause exists and to courts for trial. If convicted, offenders serve time in jail/prison or probation. Diversion can occur through parole, pardon or probation. The process involves pillars of law enforcement, prosecution, courts, corrections and community involvement.
The document summarizes key events in Philippine history during the American period from 1898 to 1946. It discusses the Spanish-American War and Treaty of Paris in which Spain ceded control of the Philippines to the US. This led to the Philippine-American War as Filipinos resisted American rule. The US established a military government and then an Insular Government. Filipino nationalist movements grew and the US passed laws gradually granting more autonomy, leading to a Commonwealth period and full independence being established after World War 2.
The document contains messages from several Philippine government officials congratulating the Philippine National Police (PNP) on publishing their "Compendium of Six Operational Master Plans". The compendium provides concise summaries of the PNP's operational plans to address threats like criminality and will help officers better understand and implement the plans. The officials encourage all PNP officers to read the compendium to effectively carry out their tasks according to applicable laws and procedures.
The document discusses the history and current state of relations between the Philippines and the United States. It began with the Philippines declaring independence from Spain in 1898 and subsequent conflict with the US, but relations evolved into cooperation and mutual respect over time. The US granted the Philippines independence in 1946. Currently, the two countries have a robust strategic partnership spanning defense cooperation, legislative affairs, and economic/trade relations, with the US as one of the Philippines' top sources of foreign investment.
The Spanish-American War lasted from April 1898 to August 1898 and resulted in the U.S. acquiring territories from Spain in the western Pacific and Latin America. This included the Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, and Cuba. Fighting then broke out between the U.S. and Filipino revolutionaries from 1899-1902 as the Filipinos did not want to be ruled by the U.S. after the Treaty of Paris transferred control of the Philippines from Spain to America. This Philippine-American War involved conventional battles in 1899 followed by guerrilla warfare and resulted in over 20,000 Filipino and 4,300 American deaths, many from disease. The U.S. gained control of the Philippines by 1902,
Terrorism causes, effects, and solutionsSrun Sakada
This document defines terrorism and discusses its causes and impacts. Terrorism is defined by the FBI and US Department of Defense as the unlawful use or threat of violence against people or property to intimidate for political goals. It discusses two types of terrorism: national (directed internally without foreign influence) and international (foreign-based or directed). Causes mentioned include social/political injustice, belief that violence achieves goals, religion, illiteracy, and injustice. Impacts involve economic losses from death/damage, societal fear and suspicion, and complicated international politics. Solutions proposed are education to understand cultural differences, eliminating root causes like funding sources, and addressing injustices that radicalize individuals.
This document provides a summary of bail amounts for various felonies and offenses under the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines. Some key offenses listed include abandonment, abduction, abortion, acts of lasciviousness, adultery, arson, assault, bribery, and brigandage, along with their corresponding penalties and bail amounts. Felonies with no bail required are those that carry the death penalty or life imprisonment upon conviction.
This document outlines standard operating procedures for Philippine police units. It discusses policies for maintaining police blotters, coordinating operations between units, use of force guidelines, arrest procedures, crime scene management, and search and seizure protocols. Police units must keep separate blotters for cases involving violence against women and children to protect privacy. Officers are instructed to use reasonable and proportional force, issue warnings before using force, and file reports after discharging firearms. When responding to calls, priorities are aiding the injured, apprehending criminals, and protecting crime scenes.
[2012 12-04 3] - terrorism definition and typeCarlos Oliveira
The document discusses definitions of terrorism and analyzes prevailing definitions. It notes that an agreed upon international definition is lacking due to various perspectives and complexities. Existing definitions are seen as vague, biased and based on self-interests. They also fail to distinguish between terrorism and legitimate freedom struggles. The document proposes that a comprehensive discussion under the UN is needed to develop a definition that is not influenced by self-interests and differentiates terrorism from freedom fighting and guerrilla warfare. It also outlines various types of terrorism like religious and nationalist terrorism that exist due to factors like globalization and social injustice.
Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of violence against people or property to intimidate or coerce a government for political or social goals. It is a tactic that has been used throughout history to make a point through instilling fear psychologically. There are different types of terrorist groups and motives, and terrorism can involve the use of explosives, firearms, or biological, chemical, and nuclear materials to carry out attacks. While terrorism poses risks, preventing it involves reducing root causes like cultural misunderstandings, promoting human rights, and establishing surveillance and protective systems.
This document discusses different types of terrorism and examples of terrorist attacks. It defines civil disorder, political terrorism, non-political terrorism, quasi terrorism, limited political terrorism, and official or state terrorism. It also discusses the 2008 Mumbai attacks where Islamist attackers received assistance and support from Pakistan's intelligence agency. The coordinated attacks lasted three days and killed 164 people across several locations in Mumbai, including the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus train station, Oberoi Trident hotel, Taj Mahal Palace hotel, Leopold Cafe, and Nariman House Jewish community center.
Al harakatul al-islamiyyah essays on the abu sayyaf groupRommel Banlaoi
This chapter examines the roots and evolution of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) from its origins as a small band of Islamic separatists in the 1990s to a terrorist organization in the 2000s. It discusses how the ASG underwent a transformation from mere banditry to genuine terrorism. The chapter traces the ideological influences on the founding of the ASG and how it has changed its strategy and tactics over time in response to military pressure and other factors.
This document discusses terrorism trends a decade after 9/11. While Al Qaeda has been weakened by counterterrorism efforts, it still poses a threat through regional affiliates and inspired individuals. Jemaah Islamiyah in Southeast Asia has also been disrupted but some members remain active. Al Qaeda and JI influences have reached the Philippines through links to groups like the Abu Sayyaf Group and Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Movement, complicating security issues in the region. Ongoing radicalization efforts mean these groups may continue to evolve new tactics, requiring sustained counterterrorism responses.
History, Motives, and Tactics of Abu Sayyaf (Research Paper Sample)Essay Tigers
The document provides a history and overview of the Abu Sayyaf group, an Islamic extremist organization based in the southern Philippines. It details that Abu Sayyaf formed in the 1990s with the goal of establishing an independent Islamic state in the Philippines governed by Sharia law. The group engages in terrorist acts like bombings, kidnappings, and beheadings to advance its separatist agenda and fund its operations. While it claims to fight for independence, the group also behaves like criminals engaging in drug trafficking, extortion, and other crimes. The Philippine government has struggled to dismantle Abu Sayyaf due to its ideology continuing to influence locals and a lack of strong leadership after key figures were killed.
Terrorism in Asia and the Philippines: An Assessment of Threats and Responses...Rommel Banlaoi
This document discusses terrorism in Asia and the Philippines 11 years after 9/11. It provides background on terrorism research in the region, noting that while terrorism predated 9/11, scholarly attention increased significantly afterwards. In the Philippines specifically, terrorism research remains underdeveloped. The document then assesses current terrorist threats, finding that while Al Qaeda has been weakened, it still inspires groups in Southeast Asia that continue to pose security risks through violent acts like bombings. More research is needed to understand and address the ongoing terrorism problem in Asia.
This document discusses terrorism, including definitions, types, causes, methods, and prevention. It defines terrorism as the unlawful use of violence or threats to intimidate for political goals. The types discussed are national, international, state, bio, cyber, eco, nuclear, and narco terrorism. Causes mentioned include injustice, politicians, poverty, illiteracy, media influence, and religion. Methods listed are firearms, explosives, chemicals, biology, and nuclear weapons. Prevention is broken down into primary (education), secondary (surveillance, protection) and tertiary (early detection, rescue, support) levels.
The root cause of terrorism and its solutionDabeer Nastar
Once people obtain peace, it opens opportunities to strive for ideals and attain justice constructively. The root cause of terrorism is an ideology of violence that must be countered with an ideology of peace based on Islam's original sources. The Prophet Muhammad's example of accepting all conditions in the Treaty of Hudaybiyya without violence gave his followers time to consolidate peacefully. This shows that Islam's method is completely peaceful.
This document provides an overview of terrorism in Malaysia. It discusses:
1) Terrorism initially took the form of communist insurgency after independence, but more recently has included incidents linked to international groups like KMM, JI, and ASG.
2) Kidnapping for ransom has been the most common modus operandi of terrorist attacks in Malaysia, which have typically involved small numbers of victims and minimal harm.
3) Emergency response capabilities in Malaysia have improved with training programs and cooperation between government and non-government agencies, though exercises continue to identify areas for improvement.
Terrorism has become a global phenomenon with a 61% increase in the number of people killed in terrorist attacks over the last year. The 2014 Global Terrorism Index provides a fact-based understanding of terrorism and its impact.
There is an urgent need for world community to fight terrorism together. There can not be good terrorist and bad terrorist A terrorist is a terrorist
The document outlines the development and implementation of a Balanced Scorecard system within the Philippine National Police (PNP). It discusses how the PNP aimed to transform itself in response to issues like corruption and human rights abuses. The PNP adopted the Balanced Scorecard, using its existing Integrated Transformation Program as the framework. The Balanced Scorecard included four perspectives - Community, Resource Management, Process Excellence, and Learning and Growth. It provided a strategic roadmap to guide PNP projects and activities toward achieving organizational goals like increased community safety and police credibility. The document reviews the steps taken to develop the PNP's Balanced Scorecard strategy map and implementation plan.
This document summarizes the Philippine National Police (PNP) Integrated Transformation Program, which aims to transform the PNP into a highly capable, effective and credible police service by 2030. It outlines the PNP's vision, mission, values and strategic objectives. It also presents the PNP Performance Governance System, which includes objectives, measures, targets and initiatives across various perspectives like stakeholders' support, resource management, learning and growth, and process excellence. The scorecard establishes targets to improve police services and gain public trust through better governance, partnerships, resources, training and operational excellence by 2030.
This document provides an overview of organized crime and discusses key concepts. It begins by summarizing a famous organized crime case involving John Gotti. It then notes that organized crime is becoming more transnational and poses a global threat. The document identifies attributes of organized crime such as being hierarchical, having exclusive membership, using violence, and having a division of labor. It also discusses various models that have been used to represent organized crime syndicates, including Cressey's cosa nostra model and Block's enterprise and power syndicate models. The challenges of defining and understanding organized crime are also mentioned.
The document provides an overview of organized crime, specifically focusing on the history and structure of the American Mafia. It discusses how the Mafia originated in Sicily and was brought over by Italian immigrants to New York in the early 1900s. It grew significantly in power during Prohibition by bootlegging alcohol. The Commission was later formed to oversee the Five Families of New York. The document also outlines the hierarchy and rules of the Mafia family, their criminal activities, and the law enforcement response over time, including the use of the RICO Act and undercover operations like Donnie Brasco against the Mafia.
This document discusses the origins and evolution of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) in the Philippines. It covers:
- The ASG was founded in the 1980s by Ustadz Abdurajak Janjalani with the original goal of establishing an Islamic state. However, over time it engaged increasingly in terrorist attacks.
- There is debate around whether the ASG was originally formed by or with the support of the Philippine military, though the ASG denies this.
- Janjalani developed the ASG based on radical Islamic ideology influenced by time spent in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan.
- The ASG's tactics evolved from bombings and assassinations in the 1990s to include
MIddle East Unit, Islamic FundamentalismNHSDAnderson
The document discusses the rise of religious fundamentalism and modern terrorism in the Middle East. It begins by covering the origins of fundamentalism, including the 1979 Iranian Revolution that overthrew the Shah and established an Islamic fundamentalist state led by Ayatollah Khomeini. It then discusses the rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan amid the Soviet invasion and US support for mujahideen fighters. Finally, it outlines the emergence of modern terrorism exemplified by the 1972 Munich Olympics attack and the rise of Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda in continuing terrorist actions against Western influence in Muslim regions.
The document provides background information on the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), an Islamic separatist extremist group active in the southern Philippines. It summarizes that ASG was founded in 1991 by Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani, a veteran of the Soviet-Afghan war, with the goal of establishing an Islamic state. However, following losses of leadership in the late 1990s and 2000s, ASG fractured into smaller groups focused more on criminal activities like kidnapping and piracy to fund operations, rather than the original ideological goals. The document examines ASG's origins, leadership history, and motivations in seeking to establish an independent Islamic state for the Muslim minority in the southern Philippines
The document provides a historical overview of Liberia from its founding in 1822 by freed American slaves through its civil wars and transition to democracy. It summarizes that Liberia was ruled by Americo-Liberians for over a century until a coup in 1980. This led to authoritarian rule by Samuel Doe until he was killed in 1990, sparking civil wars that lasted until 1997 and involved many factions. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf was elected in 2005, becoming Africa's first female head of state.
The document discusses the origins and evolution of al Qaeda stemming from the Soviet-Afghan war in the late 1970s and 1980s. It describes how the US supported mujahideen groups to fight the Soviets, which later morphed into terrorist groups like al Qaeda. The US then invaded Afghanistan after 9/11 and also invaded Iraq, though Iraq was not related to 9/11 and did not possess WMDs as claimed. This gave jihadists more incentive to fight. Over time al Qaeda became decentralized and countries like Kenya faced threats from other local jihadist networks in Africa.
Why the world project Muslims as a terrorist?Karma Tashi
The document discusses the history and evolution of terrorism from ancient groups like the Sicarii and Hashashin to modern religiously motivated groups like Al Qaeda and ISIS. It notes that terrorism has existed throughout history but became prominent internationally in the late 20th century. While religiously motivated terrorism is a major threat today, the document also discusses terrorist acts committed by groups associated with Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Christianity to demonstrate that terrorism exists across many religions and ideologies. It concludes by arguing that most religions primarily preach peace and do not support violence, and ordinary religious people should not be viewed as terrorists.
this was made by me before 3 years so it is not based on the latest updates...will make those updates and post it very sonn.....yet this is one of the greatest presentations on terrorism!
1) The documentary profiles Prince Abdul Rahman Ibrahima Sori, a Muslim prince from Guinea who was captured and sold into slavery in America.
2) It relates to the book "Servants of Allah" by showing how enslaved Muslims maintained their faith and communities despite hostility. The book provides examples of how Islam survived and influenced African American and Caribbean cultures.
3) The documentary and book both highlight the overlooked history of Muslim slaves and the strength of their faith and perseverance during slavery.
The document summarizes key events that contributed to the Sulu crisis in the Philippines:
1) The Jabidah Massacre in 1968, where 28 Muslim recruits were killed by the Philippine army after discovering they were being trained to infiltrate Sabah, Malaysia. This ignited calls for Moro independence.
2) The Manili Massacre in 1971, where armed men killed 70 Muslims in a mosque, suspected to be from the Ilaga militant group backed by the Philippine Constabulary.
3) The Tacub Massacre later in 1971, where Philippine soldiers massacred at least 40 Muslims at an election roadblock.
These massacres increased conflict between Muslims and Christians in Mindana
This document contains summaries of several films and topics related to African American history:
- The Amistad was about 39 Africans captured and brought on a ship who later took control of the vessel. Their lawyer had difficulty communicating with them until finding someone who spoke their language.
- Roots told the story of Kunta Kinte brought from Africa to Virginia as a slave and how future generations lived and eventually gained freedom.
- Hotel Rwanda was set during the genocide in Rwanda and focused on a hotel manager who protected over 800 Tutsi refugees within the hotel from the Hutu militia.
- Several entries summarize documentaries on topics like the slave trade, labor practices in the past and present,
Terrorism is not monopolized by Muslims according to a review of historical terrorist attacks. Many attacks from the 19th century onwards were committed by non-Muslim groups like anarchists, communists, separatist organizations, and individuals of different faiths. Some of the largest mass killings in history were also committed by leaders like Hitler, Stalin and Mao who were not Muslim. While all religions prohibit killing innocents, terrorism in reality stems from various political and ideological movements across religious affiliations.
Case Study on Afghan Government VS TalibanKhesrau Hayat
Case study on Taliban and Aghan Government. The Taliban is a predominantly Pashtun, Islamic fundamentalist group that ruled Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when a U.S.-led invasion toppled the regime for providing refuge to al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden
The U.S. embassies in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania were bombed in 1998. Over 200 people were killed in Nairobi and 10 in Dar es Salaam. Usama bin Laden and al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for the bombings, which were carried out through truck bombs. The U.S. responded with missile strikes in Afghanistan and Sudan. Improved security policies were implemented, including relocating the embassies to more secure locations away from busy areas.
This lecture discusses the relationship between the US and Osama bin Laden from the Soviet-Afghan war in 1979 to bin Laden's assassination in 2011. It explores how US involvement in Afghanistan led to the rise of al Qaeda and bin Laden's role as a terrorist leader. Key topics included the US covert proxy war against the Soviets, the formation of al Qaeda, and bin Laden's justification for terrorist attacks. The lecture traces major events like 9/11 and concludes by considering what bin Laden's death means.
The US worked with Lucky Luciano and the mafia during World War 2. Luciano provided intelligence help to disrupt German spies and sabotage in exchange for reducing his prison sentence. The US then worked with Sicilian mafia boss Calogero Vizzini during the invasion of Sicily in 1943. Vizzini aided the Allied troops' movement and was later appointed mayor of his hometown by the US as a reward for his assistance. The cooperation between the US and mafia provided benefits for both sides during the war, despite their opposing interests.
The document provides an overview of the history and structure of the United Nations. It discusses how the UN was founded in 1945 by 51 countries to maintain international peace and security. It describes the main UN bodies including the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice, and Secretariat. Each body's roles and functions are summarized. The UN currently has 193 member states and works to address issues ranging from peacekeeping to humanitarian aid.
2. What is terrorism?What is terrorism?
the use of terror and violence tothe use of terror and violence to
intimidate (Webster’s Dictionary)intimidate (Webster’s Dictionary)
is defined as the use of fear to pressureis defined as the use of fear to pressure
a person or a community to acta person or a community to act
contrary to reason (Current Issuescontrary to reason (Current Issues
Third Edition)Third Edition)
3. PHILIPPINE ISLAMICPHILIPPINE ISLAMIC
MILITANT GROUPSMILITANT GROUPS
Abu SayyafAbu Sayyaf
Moro National Liberation FrontMoro National Liberation Front
Moro Islamic Liberation FrontMoro Islamic Liberation Front
4. MORO NATIONAL LIBERATIONMORO NATIONAL LIBERATION
FRONTFRONT
More immediate causes of insurgencyMore immediate causes of insurgency
rose out of the increasing lawlessness inrose out of the increasing lawlessness in
the southern Philippines during the latethe southern Philippines during the late
1960’s when violence associated with1960’s when violence associated with
political disputes, personal feuds andpolitical disputes, personal feuds and
armed gangs proliferated.armed gangs proliferated.
5. Already in competition over land,Already in competition over land,
economic resources and political power,economic resources and political power,
the Moros became increasingly alarmedthe Moros became increasingly alarmed
by the immigration of Christians fromby the immigration of Christians from
the north who were making Moros athe north who were making Moros a
minority in what they felt was their ownminority in what they felt was their own
land.land.
6. MORO NATIONAL LIBERATIONMORO NATIONAL LIBERATION
FRONTFRONT
September 21, 1972 - Martial Law wasSeptember 21, 1972 - Martial Law was
declared in the Philippinesdeclared in the Philippines
- the government- the government
attempted to disarm the Muslimsattempted to disarm the Muslims
which provoked an open rebellionwhich provoked an open rebellion
7. Nur MisuaryNur Misuary
-- guided the MNLF as the chairmanguided the MNLF as the chairman
- believed that the Moro- believed that the Moro
constituted a separate people whichconstituted a separate people which
was thewas the BangsaMoroBangsaMoro
- claimed that the Muslims can only- claimed that the Muslims can only
free themselves from corrupt leadersfree themselves from corrupt leaders
and implement institutions in anand implement institutions in an
independent stateindependent state
8. Moro NationalMoro National
Liberation FrontLiberation Front receivedreceived
support from Muslimsupport from Muslim
backers in Libya andbackers in Libya and
Malaysia.Malaysia.
9. EMERGENCE OF THE ABUEMERGENCE OF THE ABU
SAYYAFSAYYAF
1991 - a radical group which disagreed1991 - a radical group which disagreed
with the peace process between thewith the peace process between the
Muslims and the State left MNLF andMuslims and the State left MNLF and
formed the Abu Sayyaf (ASG)formed the Abu Sayyaf (ASG)
Abu Sayyaf means “bearer of theAbu Sayyaf means “bearer of the
sword” in Arabicsword” in Arabic
10. Main Goal:Main Goal:
To establish an Iranian style ofTo establish an Iranian style of
Islamic state based on the IslamicIslamic state based on the Islamic
law in Mindanaolaw in Mindanao
11. Who are the Abu Sayyaf Group?Who are the Abu Sayyaf Group?
Is based mainly in southernIs based mainly in southern
Philippines (Basilan, Sulu and Tawi-Philippines (Basilan, Sulu and Tawi-
tawi) but has ties to a number oftawi) but has ties to a number of
Islamic fundamentalist organizationsIslamic fundamentalist organizations
around the world including Osama Binaround the world including Osama Bin
Laden’s Al Qaida and Ramzi YousefLaden’s Al Qaida and Ramzi Yousef
12. Abduragak Abubakar JanjalaniAbduragak Abubakar Janjalani
-- founder and leader of the Abu Sayyaffounder and leader of the Abu Sayyaf
- was a veteran of the war in- was a veteran of the war in
AfghanistanAfghanistan
- was killed in December 1998 in a- was killed in December 1998 in a
firefight with police in the village offirefight with police in the village of
Lamitan, Basilan IslandLamitan, Basilan Island
- Khadafy Janjalani took over as the- Khadafy Janjalani took over as the
new leader of the groupnew leader of the group
13. Abu Sayyaf finances its operationAbu Sayyaf finances its operation
through the following:through the following:
robberyrobbery
piracypiracy
kidnappings for ransomkidnappings for ransom
funding from the internationalfunding from the international
terrorist network of Osama Bin Ladenterrorist network of Osama Bin Laden
14. Abu Sayyaf activities include:Abu Sayyaf activities include:
bombingsbombings
assassinations and extortions fromassassinations and extortions from
companies and wealthycompanies and wealthy
businessmenbusinessmen
15. CHRONOLOGY OF ABUCHRONOLOGY OF ABU
SAYYAF’S TERRORISMSAYYAF’S TERRORISM
ACTIVITIESACTIVITIES
19911991: Libyan-trained Islamic preacher,: Libyan-trained Islamic preacher,
Abdurajak Janjalani formed ASGAbdurajak Janjalani formed ASG
attracting young Muslimsattracting young Muslims
First recorded atrocity was theFirst recorded atrocity was the
attack of the military checkpoint inattack of the military checkpoint in
Sumagdan on the outskirts of Isabela,Sumagdan on the outskirts of Isabela,
BasilanBasilan
16. 19921992: Bomb attacks in Zamboanga and: Bomb attacks in Zamboanga and
Davao City; Abducted a businesswomen inDavao City; Abducted a businesswomen in
Davao and was released after payment ofDavao and was released after payment of
ransomransom
19931993: Kidnapped Luis Ton-Ton Biel (5 yrs.: Kidnapped Luis Ton-Ton Biel (5 yrs.
old) with his grandfather who was an ownerold) with his grandfather who was an owner
of a bus company in Basilanof a bus company in Basilan
17. 1994:1994: Kidnapped Charles Walton, anKidnapped Charles Walton, an
American language scholar who was doingAmerican language scholar who was doing
research in Basilan but was released withoutresearch in Basilan but was released without
ransom through the intercession of the Libyanransom through the intercession of the Libyan
ambassador to the Philippinesambassador to the Philippines
December 1994:December 1994: ASG claimed responsibilityASG claimed responsibility
for an explosion aboard a Philippine Air Linefor an explosion aboard a Philippine Air Line
(one Japanese was killed and 10 were injured)(one Japanese was killed and 10 were injured)
18. January 12, 1995:January 12, 1995: Linked to the plot toLinked to the plot to
assassinate Pope John Paul II who wasassassinate Pope John Paul II who was
visiting Manilavisiting Manila
April 14, 1995:April 14, 1995: Attacked the town of Ipil,Attacked the town of Ipil,
robbed banks, shut the people and set therobbed banks, shut the people and set the
town on fire before leaving with severaltown on fire before leaving with several
hostages (54 were dead and hundreds werehostages (54 were dead and hundreds were
wounded)wounded)
19. September 9, 1997:September 9, 1997: Kidnapped a GermanKidnapped a German
business executive in Zamboanga City and wasbusiness executive in Zamboanga City and was
released on December 26, 1997released on December 26, 1997
March 26, 1998:March 26, 1998: Abu Sayyaf rebels threatenedAbu Sayyaf rebels threatened
to kill abducted Filipinosto kill abducted Filipinos
December 18, 1998:December 18, 1998: Abdujarak Janjalani wasAbdujarak Janjalani was
killed in a firefight with security forces inkilled in a firefight with security forces in
BasilanBasilan
20. January 3, 1999:January 3, 1999: A grenade was lobbed intoA grenade was lobbed into
a crowd watching firefighters putting out aa crowd watching firefighters putting out a
blaze in a neighborhood supermarket (10blaze in a neighborhood supermarket (10
were killed and 74 were injured)were killed and 74 were injured)
March 20, 2000:March 20, 2000: 55 hostages which55 hostages which
Includes 22 school children, 5 teachers andIncludes 22 school children, 5 teachers and
a priest were seized from two schoolsa priest were seized from two schools
21. April 23, 2000:April 23, 2000: Raided the Malaysian divingRaided the Malaysian diving
resort and fled across the sea border to Joloresort and fled across the sea border to Jolo
with 21 tourists and resort workerswith 21 tourists and resort workers
July 26, 2000:July 26, 2000: 18 injured in Jolo Island from18 injured in Jolo Island from
grenade attackgrenade attack
August 28, 2000:August 28, 2000: American Jeffrey SchillingAmerican Jeffrey Schilling
was held hostage during a visit to Janjalaniwas held hostage during a visit to Janjalani
campcamp
22. September 10, 2000:September 10, 2000: Kidnapped 3 peopleKidnapped 3 people
from Pandanan Island diving resort and werefrom Pandanan Island diving resort and were
brought to Sulu Islandbrought to Sulu Island
April 12, 2001:April 12, 2001: Hostage Jeffrey Schilling wasHostage Jeffrey Schilling was
rescuedrescued
May 27, 2001:May 27, 2001: Raided Dos Palmas Resort ofRaided Dos Palmas Resort of
Palawan and seized 20 people including 3Palawan and seized 20 people including 3
Americans (a Christian missionary couple,Americans (a Christian missionary couple,
Martin and Gracia Burnham and GuillermoMartin and Gracia Burnham and Guillermo
Sobero)Sobero)
23. June 1, 2001:June 1, 2001: Clashes between theClashes between the
government troops and the kidnappers ingovernment troops and the kidnappers in
Tuburan, BasilanTuburan, Basilan
June 2, 2001:June 2, 2001: ASG “Suicide Squad” tookASG “Suicide Squad” took
over a hospital and the church in Lamitan,over a hospital and the church in Lamitan,
Basilan and captured over 200 people asBasilan and captured over 200 people as
hostage but 4 of them were able to escapehostage but 4 of them were able to escape
24. June 7, 2001:June 7, 2001: Abu Sabaya, spokeman of ASGAbu Sabaya, spokeman of ASG
gave Manila a 72-hour deadline to bring formergave Manila a 72-hour deadline to bring former
Malaysian senator Sairin Horno andMalaysian senator Sairin Horno and
businessman Yusuf as negotiators andbusinessman Yusuf as negotiators and
suspension of military operations against them;suspension of military operations against them;
ASG threatened to behead the AmericanASG threatened to behead the American
hostages for failure to comply but former Pres.hostages for failure to comply but former Pres.
Arroyo rejected the demandArroyo rejected the demand
25. Jume 11, 2001:Jume 11, 2001: Former Pres. Arroyo gaveFormer Pres. Arroyo gave
in to the rebel’s demand for two Malaysianin to the rebel’s demand for two Malaysian
negotiators when Abu Sabaya issued a finalnegotiators when Abu Sabaya issued a final
2-hour deadline to behead the American2-hour deadline to behead the American
hostages. However, the governmenthostages. However, the government
continued offensive as the group seized 15continued offensive as the group seized 15
more Filipinos in Basilan as amore Filipinos in Basilan as a
“diversionary” strategy“diversionary” strategy
26. June 12, 2001:June 12, 2001: ASG claimed the beheading ofASG claimed the beheading of
American hostage, Guillermo Sobero, as anAmerican hostage, Guillermo Sobero, as an
Independednce Day gift to Pres. Arroyo.Independednce Day gift to Pres. Arroyo.
Government troops found 3 bodies including 2Government troops found 3 bodies including 2
headless corpses identified as Filipinosheadless corpses identified as Filipinos
June 16, 2001:June 16, 2001: The rebels freed Kimberly JaoThe rebels freed Kimberly Jao
Uy and Francis Ong to the Islamic preacher atUy and Francis Ong to the Islamic preacher at
Isabela, Basilan in exchange of 5 million pesosIsabela, Basilan in exchange of 5 million pesos
27. January 19, 2002:January 19, 2002: The military rescued 2The military rescued 2
coconut farmers kidnapped by a factioncoconut farmers kidnapped by a faction
of ASG but 2 navy men were woundedof ASG but 2 navy men were wounded
in a firefight with a bigger groupin a firefight with a bigger group
January 24, 2002:January 24, 2002: Firefight brokeFirefight broke
between Philippine troops and ASG.between Philippine troops and ASG.
Eight of the ASG were killed and twoEight of the ASG were killed and two
soldiers were woundedsoldiers were wounded
28. BALIKATAN 02.1BALIKATAN 02.1
is the code name for the joint US-RP militaryis the code name for the joint US-RP military
training exercises in southern Mindanao andtraining exercises in southern Mindanao and
Balanced Piston in northern Luzon under theBalanced Piston in northern Luzon under the
Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA)Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA)
is intended to make the exercises trainingis intended to make the exercises training
scenarios more realistic and relevant to thescenarios more realistic and relevant to the
actual perceived threats to both countries thatactual perceived threats to both countries that
is, the worldwide threat of terrorism underis, the worldwide threat of terrorism under
the VFAthe VFA
29. MORO ISLAMIC LIBERATIONMORO ISLAMIC LIBERATION
FRONTFRONT
is most active in Sulu archipelago,is most active in Sulu archipelago,
Palawan, Basilan and other neighboringPalawan, Basilan and other neighboring
islandsislands
was established in 1981 when Salamatwas established in 1981 when Salamat
Hashim and his followers split from theHashim and his followers split from the
MNLF due to the MNLF's reluctance toMNLF due to the MNLF's reluctance to
launch an insurgency against thelaunch an insurgency against the
Philippine government and its supportersPhilippine government and its supporters
30. HISTORYHISTORY
In January 1987, the MNLF acceptedIn January 1987, the MNLF accepted
the Philippine government's offer of semi-the Philippine government's offer of semi-
autonomy of the regions in dispute,autonomy of the regions in dispute,
subsequently leading to the establishmentsubsequently leading to the establishment
of theof the
Autonomous Region of Muslim MindanaoAutonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
(ARMM). The MILF, however, refused to(ARMM). The MILF, however, refused to
accept this offer and continued theiraccept this offer and continued their
insurgency operations.insurgency operations.
31. A general cessation of hostilities betweenA general cessation of hostilities between
the government in Manila and the MILF wasthe government in Manila and the MILF was
signed in July 1997 but this agreement wassigned in July 1997 but this agreement was
abolished in 2000 by the Philippine Army underabolished in 2000 by the Philippine Army under
the administration of Philippine Presidentthe administration of Philippine President JosephJoseph
EstradaEstrada. In response, the MILF declared a. In response, the MILF declared a jihadjihad
against the government, its citizens andagainst the government, its citizens and
supporters. Under Presidentsupporters. Under President Gloria ArroyoGloria Arroyo, the, the
government entered into a cease-fire agreementgovernment entered into a cease-fire agreement
with the MILF and resumed peace talks.with the MILF and resumed peace talks.
32. Despite peace negotiations and theDespite peace negotiations and the
cease fire agreement, the MILF attackedcease fire agreement, the MILF attacked
Government troops in MaguindanaoGovernment troops in Maguindanao
resulting in at least twenty-three deaths inresulting in at least twenty-three deaths in
January 2005. The combined armies of theJanuary 2005. The combined armies of the
MILF and Abu Sayyaf were involved in daysMILF and Abu Sayyaf were involved in days
of fighting which necessitated governmentof fighting which necessitated government
troops using heavy artillery to engage rebeltroops using heavy artillery to engage rebel
forces.forces.
33. The bombing incident inThe bombing incident in DavaoDavao airport inairport in
2003 which the Philippine government blamed2003 which the Philippine government blamed
on MILF members, raised speculation that theon MILF members, raised speculation that the
peace negotiations might be ineffectual inpeace negotiations might be ineffectual in
bringing peace to Mindanao if the MILF isbringing peace to Mindanao if the MILF is
unable to control its operatives. The MILFunable to control its operatives. The MILF
denies ties with terrorist groupdenies ties with terrorist group JemaahJemaah
IslamiyahIslamiyah, although Jemaah Islamiyah is, although Jemaah Islamiyah is
considered to have provided them with trainingconsidered to have provided them with training
facilities in areas they control.facilities in areas they control.
34. The MILF also continues to denyThe MILF also continues to deny
connections with Al-Qaeda, though it hasconnections with Al-Qaeda, though it has
admitted to sending around 600 volunteersadmitted to sending around 600 volunteers
to Al Qaeda training camps into Al Qaeda training camps in
Afghanistan and thatAfghanistan and that Osama Bin LadenOsama Bin Laden
sent money to the Philippines, though thesent money to the Philippines, though the
group denies directly receiving anygroup denies directly receiving any
payment.payment.
35. Peace Agreement:Peace Agreement:
Tripoli AgreementTripoli Agreement
- a peace talk which led to an- a peace talk which led to an
agreement between the Philippineagreement between the Philippine
government and the MNLF providinggovernment and the MNLF providing
for Moro autonomy in the southernfor Moro autonomy in the southern
Philippines and for a cease-firePhilippines and for a cease-fire
36. HOBBES POLITICAL ANDHOBBES POLITICAL AND
SOCIAL PHILOSOPHYSOCIAL PHILOSOPHY
Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes
- is an English philosopher who preferred- is an English philosopher who preferred
the evils of absolute power than to thethe evils of absolute power than to the
evils of life in a society, which did notevils of life in a society, which did not
contain an authoritycontain an authority
- believes that “a sovereign without- believes that “a sovereign without
absolute power to enforce laws is noabsolute power to enforce laws is no
sovereign at all”sovereign at all”
37. He was asked with aHe was asked with a
question: “Why should aquestion: “Why should a
society without an absolutesociety without an absolute
authority necessary beauthority necessary be
chaotic?”chaotic?”
38. He answered that it depends upon aHe answered that it depends upon a
psychological theory about the naturepsychological theory about the nature
of man. His view is that man by natureof man. His view is that man by nature
is selfish and egoistic. He is motivatedis selfish and egoistic. He is motivated
by selfish desires, which requireby selfish desires, which require
satisfaction, if man is also, by nature,satisfaction, if man is also, by nature,
belligerent. He has the inclination tobelligerent. He has the inclination to
be warlike, hostile and combative.be warlike, hostile and combative.
39. According to him, psychologicalAccording to him, psychological
constitution of man is dominated byconstitution of man is dominated by
three major desires:three major desires:
CompetitionCompetition
Diffidence or distrust of one’s ownDiffidence or distrust of one’s own
ability or worthability or worth
Glory or the desire of fame, honor andGlory or the desire of fame, honor and
superioritysuperiority
40. On the form of government, he preferred aOn the form of government, he preferred a
monarchial type because of the followingmonarchial type because of the following
reasons:reasons:
With the monarch as the sovereign ruler,With the monarch as the sovereign ruler,
decisions and enforcing laws rest only on onedecisions and enforcing laws rest only on one
personperson
A single ruler has more secrecy of counsel than aA single ruler has more secrecy of counsel than a
sovereign group composed of individuals whosovereign group composed of individuals who
have different political and social orientationhave different political and social orientation
The monarch’s decisions are “only as inconstantThe monarch’s decisions are “only as inconstant
as human nature, but a group has that plus theas human nature, but a group has that plus the
inconstancy of number”inconstancy of number”
41. MILL’S POLITICAL ANDMILL’S POLITICAL AND
PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY
John Stuart MillJohn Stuart Mill
- is an English philosopher and- is an English philosopher and
economist author of the classic essay,economist author of the classic essay,
“On Liberty”, which emphasized civil“On Liberty”, which emphasized civil
libertyliberty
42. Political thinkers believe that somePolitical thinkers believe that some
dangers to freedom are moredangers to freedom are more
insidious which come from withinsidious which come from with
democracy itselfdemocracy itself
example: POWERexample: POWER
43. With the development of democraticWith the development of democratic
societies, political theorists refused to acceptsocieties, political theorists refused to accept
the position that the ruler’s interest wasthe position that the ruler’s interest was
opposed to that of the people. The ruler, inopposed to that of the people. The ruler, in
their view, was a representative of the peopletheir view, was a representative of the people
and his authority was revocable at theirand his authority was revocable at their
pleasure. Since the rulers are delegates of thepleasure. Since the rulers are delegates of the
ruled, it is not important to limit their power.ruled, it is not important to limit their power.
To do so,To do so, is limiting the power of theis limiting the power of the
people themselves.people themselves.
44. Mill’s stressed that the people whoMill’s stressed that the people who
exercise power are not the same as thoseexercise power are not the same as those
on whom it is exercised. They not onlyon whom it is exercised. They not only
develop their own interests but they alsodevelop their own interests but they also
are frequently influenced by variousare frequently influenced by various
pressure groups to work their welfare,pressure groups to work their welfare,
which is contrary to the welfare of thewhich is contrary to the welfare of the
people.people.
45. Mills argues that publicMills argues that public
opinion is notoriouslyopinion is notoriously
susceptible to error becausesusceptible to error because
it may reflect prejudices andit may reflect prejudices and
be dominated bybe dominated by
superstitions and traditions.superstitions and traditions.
46. 3 reasons why it would be wrong3 reasons why it would be wrong
to suppress any opinion:to suppress any opinion:
It is wrong to suppress an opinion which theIt is wrong to suppress an opinion which the
majority does not approve of because themajority does not approve of because the
suppressed opinion may be true.suppressed opinion may be true.
To deny others the right to express opinion isTo deny others the right to express opinion is
to assume one’s infallibility.to assume one’s infallibility.
Hearing the opposite opinion even if it isHearing the opposite opinion even if it is
neither wholly true nor wholly false is goodneither wholly true nor wholly false is good
for it may contain elements of the truth.for it may contain elements of the truth.