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Successful
Online Participation
And how to (not) mess it up
Gefion Thuermer (MSc)
University of Southampton, CDT Web Science
Lobbying the EU, Brussels, 11/12/2015
What am I talking about?
Online Participation
• What it is
• Why it is great
• Why it maybe isn‘t so easy
• Why you should care
• What you can do
Who am I and what am I doing
here?
• Cultural Sciences BA, Web Science MSc
• PhD candidate at University of Southampton
• Researching how political parties can use the web
to improve participation
• Former Pirate Party Germany executive board
member
Who are you and what are you
interested in?
What is online participation?
CC BY 2.0 - BotMultichillTCC-0CC-0
CC BY-SA 3.0
Wikimedia Foundation
CC BY 3.0 – Jason Tropp CC BY-SA 3.0 – John WIlkins
Why is online participation great?
Cost Scale
CC 0 CC 0
Why is it not so easy?
Everyone is equal online!
CC BY-SA 3.0 – O Seo Messias
Not everyone.
Using the web is a sign of privilege per se.
Who uses Social Media?
http://www.statista.com/statistics/430555/internet-twitter-usage-germany
Some Science on this
• Halford & Savage
• Social inequalities are reproduced online
• Zhang
• Disadvantaged groups do not have access to either
capitals needed for participation online
If you are disadvantaged offline, the web
alone is not sufficient to change that
What is needed to participate?
Experience
Money (Access,
Hardware)
Time (Leisure)
Skills
(Education)
Literacy
Why should you care?
Diversity Equality
CC BY-SA 2.0 Scott Maxwell CC 0
What can you do?
https://plus.google.com/+ThibautDelp/posts/c47isxURfwN
How can online participation
work?
• Be aware of issues
• Consider your participation goals
• and your target group
• Pick your tools right
• Offer different routes
• Engage & Support
• Make it meaningful
Thank you!
Questions?
References
• Brock, A., Kvasny, L. & Hales, K., 2010. CULTURAL
APPROPRIATIONS OF TECHNICAL CAPITAL. Information,
Communication & Society, 13(7), pp.1040–1059.
• Dunne, K., 2010. Can Online Forums Address Political
Disengagement for Local Government? Journal of Information
Technology & Politics, 7(4), pp.300–317.
• Gil de Zúñiga, H. et al., 2010. Digital Democracy: Reimagining
Pathways to Political Participation. Journal of Information
Technology & Politics, 7(1), pp.36–51.
• Halford, S. & Savage, M., 2010. RECONCEPTUALIZING DIGITAL
SOCIAL INEQUALITY. Information, Communication & Society,
13(7), pp.937–955.
• Zhang, W., 2010. TECHNICAL CAPITAL AND PARTICIPATORY
INEQUALITY IN EDELIBERATION. Information, Communication &
Society, 13(7), pp.1019–1039.

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Successful Online Participation

  • 1. Successful Online Participation And how to (not) mess it up Gefion Thuermer (MSc) University of Southampton, CDT Web Science Lobbying the EU, Brussels, 11/12/2015
  • 2. What am I talking about? Online Participation • What it is • Why it is great • Why it maybe isn‘t so easy • Why you should care • What you can do
  • 3. Who am I and what am I doing here? • Cultural Sciences BA, Web Science MSc • PhD candidate at University of Southampton • Researching how political parties can use the web to improve participation • Former Pirate Party Germany executive board member
  • 4. Who are you and what are you interested in?
  • 5. What is online participation? CC BY 2.0 - BotMultichillTCC-0CC-0 CC BY-SA 3.0 Wikimedia Foundation CC BY 3.0 – Jason Tropp CC BY-SA 3.0 – John WIlkins
  • 6. Why is online participation great? Cost Scale CC 0 CC 0
  • 7. Why is it not so easy? Everyone is equal online! CC BY-SA 3.0 – O Seo Messias
  • 8. Not everyone. Using the web is a sign of privilege per se.
  • 9. Who uses Social Media? http://www.statista.com/statistics/430555/internet-twitter-usage-germany
  • 10. Some Science on this • Halford & Savage • Social inequalities are reproduced online • Zhang • Disadvantaged groups do not have access to either capitals needed for participation online If you are disadvantaged offline, the web alone is not sufficient to change that
  • 11. What is needed to participate? Experience Money (Access, Hardware) Time (Leisure) Skills (Education) Literacy
  • 12. Why should you care? Diversity Equality CC BY-SA 2.0 Scott Maxwell CC 0
  • 13. What can you do? https://plus.google.com/+ThibautDelp/posts/c47isxURfwN
  • 14. How can online participation work? • Be aware of issues • Consider your participation goals • and your target group • Pick your tools right • Offer different routes • Engage & Support • Make it meaningful
  • 16. References • Brock, A., Kvasny, L. & Hales, K., 2010. CULTURAL APPROPRIATIONS OF TECHNICAL CAPITAL. Information, Communication & Society, 13(7), pp.1040–1059. • Dunne, K., 2010. Can Online Forums Address Political Disengagement for Local Government? Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 7(4), pp.300–317. • Gil de Zúñiga, H. et al., 2010. Digital Democracy: Reimagining Pathways to Political Participation. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 7(1), pp.36–51. • Halford, S. & Savage, M., 2010. RECONCEPTUALIZING DIGITAL SOCIAL INEQUALITY. Information, Communication & Society, 13(7), pp.937–955. • Zhang, W., 2010. TECHNICAL CAPITAL AND PARTICIPATORY INEQUALITY IN EDELIBERATION. Information, Communication & Society, 13(7), pp.1019–1039.

Editor's Notes

  1. Often seen as using Social Media, interacting with people that can support an effort – a party, a movement - online There are various tools, all of which do different things. Most of these will be very familiar to most of you. Websites – ideally those that allow for comments or other interaction. Email – queries, individual communication Mailing lists – mainly group communication Forums – discussion, troll-problem if too open Direct messengers – group and 1-1 communication. Jabber Social Media – Twitter, Facebook etc. interaction, spreading messages, offering easy access points. But: limitations through network-effects, bubble. Wikis – documentation, some discussion VoIP– audio conversations, group meetings – Mumble, Skype Etherpads – collaborative writing Surveys – polls, such as LimeSurvey, SurveyMonkey Voting tools – actual decisions – arguably, depending on implementation, Liquid Feedback Argument Mapping tools – collaboratively develop arguments. BPTArguments, Discuto But it can be much more.
  2. Costs – it is far more cost effective than leaflets or face to face conversations. Scalability - it is easy to administer and work with so many people, many more than would be possible through traditional, offline, methods.
  3. There is a load of assumptions about the benefits of the web – and with it, online participation. Everyone can participate, from their home, or wherever they are, no matter if rich or poor, in cities or the countryside, … Because nobody knows who you are, race and gender and wealth do not matter. The web automatically educates people, so if they have access they will become more aware of what affects their lifes, and automatically be interested in political causes. But if that were true – why are there so many cat pictures and so little serious talk about politics online? Spoiler: Most of these assumptions are wrong.
  4. In some ways it is true that everyone is equal online. But it is more true the other way around. Everyone online is more or less equal. That‘s because everyone who makes it to any of these online tools and really participates is already rather privileged. Just below 80% of the EU population are using the web (http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats9.htm) Variance by country – 56% in Bulgaria and Romania, 96% in Denmark. Germany has most users in numbers (72m), followed by the UK (59m) and France (55m)
  5. Roughly 5 million people in Germany use Twitter regularly. http://www.statista.com/statistics/430555/internet-twitter-usage-germany/ For Facebook it is 22 million, so about ~ 28 % of our 80-million population. http://www.statista.com/statistics/268136/top-15-countries-based-on-number-of-facebook-users/ Social Media is limited to people that use the network, and by network effects (it is hard to reach new people).
  6. Halford & Savage analyse the relationship between ICT and inequalities Social inequalities are reproduced: not everyone has access, and those who do derive unequal benefits Zhang case studies about reproduction of existing inequalities through technology technical capital is needed for participation online, but is not equally distributed, because linked to social & financial capital disadvantaged groups do not have access to either if you are disadvantaged offline, going online is not sufficient to remove your disadvantages
  7. They are literate. – 15% of Germans are functional illiterate (e.g. unable to read and write basic information) They have the skills to know how to use the web, and what to do there – (the education) They have spare time to spend on participation – (the leasure) They have the necessary hardware – (the money for it) They know their way around – (the experience) Or people that can help them and show them around – (the social contacts) There‘s more missing: Access to the web, Digital Literacy …. Here‘s the thing: To really participapte successfully, you need ALL of these.
  8. There‘s two sides to why this is relevant, and they are both linked. Diversity should be important to you whatever you do. As an organisation, especially in politics, you should have a general interest in involving as many people as you can. The more diverse your participants are, the better: Different points of view, more ideas, new thoughts, wider audience. You also counteract network effects! Equality is more relevant if you are working in a democratic context. In Democratic Theory, everyone should be included in decisions that affect their life. So if your organisation is interested in democratic decisions, you need to make sure everyone has an equal opportunity to participate in decisions. If decisions are purely online, that is not the case.
  9. Equality / Diversity is not achieved by treating people equally. There is no one-size-fits-all solution. Treating people equal is not treating them fairly. You have to treat people different to treat them equal. You have to offer different routes to participation, if you want everyone to be able to participate. Diversity does not happen automatically – the ‘generic’ web crowd is always the same. The groups that are most disadvantaged – and could gain most from participation – are often those that can participate least. You want to reach out to these groups specifically and engage them, if you want their involvement. Beware: We haven‘t even spoken about accessibility. There‘s another load of thigs to think about, especially online.
  10. Be aware of these issues Know your target group – whom do you want to involve? Be aware of their requirements Think about what you want to use participation for. Engage the groups you want to be involved. Pick your tools right - what is the best ways to involve your target group? Offer different routes for participation. This will likely mean, don‘t go ‚online only‘ Support your participants – make sure those that want to participate are enabled. This may involve moderation, maintenance, buy-in – and it will take time and effort. Make it meaningful – If you do not take participation seriously, nobody will.