This document provides information about common ingredient substitutions. It begins with an introduction on why substitutions may be needed and factors to consider like flavor, moisture, texture and weight. Various measurement abbreviations are defined. The bulk of the document lists ingredients in alphabetical order and suggests substitution amounts and alternatives. For example, 1 teaspoon of allspice can be substituted with 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon and 1/2 teaspoon ground cloves. The goal is to help avoid disappointments when making substitutions.