draft of talk for Reclaiming the Knowledge Commons http://www.eventbrite.com.au/e/reclaiming-the-knowledge-commons-the-ethics-of-academic-publishing-and-the-futures-of-research-tickets-17560178968
How can repositories support the text-mining of their content and why? Nancy Pontika
Co-presented with Petr Knoth http://www.slideshare.net/petrknoth/ at the "Mining Repositories: How to assist the research and academic community on their text and data mining needs" workshop, which took place at the 11th International Conference on Open Repositories, Monday 13 June 2016.
Open scholarship [a FOSTER open science talk]Ross Mounce
A talk by Dr Ross Mounce, given at the FOSTER Open Science event 4th September, King's College London http://www.fosteropenscience.eu/event/foster-discovering-open-practices-pgr-and-early-career-researchers-0
How can repositories support the text-mining of their content and why? Nancy Pontika
Co-presented with Petr Knoth http://www.slideshare.net/petrknoth/ at the "Mining Repositories: How to assist the research and academic community on their text and data mining needs" workshop, which took place at the 11th International Conference on Open Repositories, Monday 13 June 2016.
Open scholarship [a FOSTER open science talk]Ross Mounce
A talk by Dr Ross Mounce, given at the FOSTER Open Science event 4th September, King's College London http://www.fosteropenscience.eu/event/foster-discovering-open-practices-pgr-and-early-career-researchers-0
PLUTo: Phyloinformatic Literature Unlocking Tools
A BBSRC-funded project to find phylogenetic trees in the literature, and make their underlying data re-usable again by extracting it & re-releasing it from the figure image as open, re-usable data
The slides that will accompany my live webcast for OpenCon 2014 attendees, all about open data in research. The benefits, the how to (both legally & technically), examples, pitfalls, and the future of open research data.
SocialCite makes its debut at the HighWire Press meetingKent Anderson
A new service designed to allow readers and researchers to comment on the appropriateness, quality, and type of citations made in the literature made its debut at the HighWire Press Publishers Meeting yesterday.
Specimen-level mining: bringing knowledge back 'home' to the Natural History ...Ross Mounce
A talk given at the Geological Society of London, UK on 2016/03/09 as part of the Lyell meeting on Palaeoinformatics. http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/lyell16 #lyell16
Open Access for Early Career ResearchersRoss Mounce
My talk for the University of Bath Open Access Week session; 23rd October 2013.
http://www.bath.ac.uk/learningandteaching/rdu/courses/pgskills/modules/RP00335.htm
Open access (OA) to scholarly literature recently hit a major milestone: Half of all research articles published become open access, either immediately or after an embargo period. Are the articles you read among them? What about the articles you write? Are the journals to which you submit open-access friendly? What about the journals for which you peer review? Are there any reasons why the public should not have access to the results of taxpayer-funded research?
In this slideshow, Jill Cirasella (Associate Librarian for Public Services and Scholarly Communication, Graduate Center, CUNY) explains the motivation for OA, describes the details of OA, and differentiates between publishing in open access journals (“gold” OA) and self-archiving works in OA repositories (“green” OA). She also dispels persistent myths about OA and examines some of the challenges to OA.
Fifty shades of green and gold: open access to scholarly informationhierohiero
Presentation for Urban Research Utrecht, a research school at Utrecht University, on Open Access to scholarly information in geography and planning, focussing of advantages, disadvantges, various forms, costs and actions of stakeholders
The Open Access movement gains momentum – should young scientists care?Martin Ballaschk
This presentation acommodated a talk I held at the 14th PhD retreat of the two Berlin life science institutes MDC and FMP. Other participants included Zena Werb (UCSF), Helmut Kettenmann (MDC), Paul Schultze-Motel (Helmholtz OA Office) and Angelika Lex (Elsevier).
The main introductory points have bee adressed by a moderator before, so I don't introduce definitions of green and gold open access. The talk is focused on open access journals (what is commonly perceived as "the" open access) and the PhD's students view on it, but also mentions the possibility of deposition of "unfree" publications in publicly accessable repositories ("green OA") as an alternative.
The goal of the discussion and the presentation was to raise awareness for the journal crisis, the possibility of funding and fee waivers in OA journals, and scientist's vs. publisher's interests.
Taking into consideration the evolution of technology and economy globally, we introduce you the next gen vehicles, with an example. Volvo Electric Engine Motorcycle, Volvo Future.
Chris Freeman (AMRC w/Boeing): Visualisation Driven ManufacturingAugmentedWorldExpo
A talk from the Enterprise 2 Track at AWE EU 2018 - the World's #1 XR Conference & Expo in Munich, Germany 18 -19, October, 2018.
Chris Freeman (AMRC w/Boeing): Visualisation Driven Manufacturing
The AMRC with Boeing Factory 2050 digital manufacturing team recognises that the manufacturing environment of the future will be driven by a network of interconnected data systems all working towards delivering intelligent automation as part of Industry 4.0. In this information rich environment, the collection, exploitation and reuse of data is critical in order to maximise the knowledge you garner from it. Alongside enterprise IoT and informatics methodologies, mobile, immersive and augmented information are recognised by Factory 2050 as being central to future manufacturing strategy. In line with just in time methodologies, immersive technologies can act as the conduit that enables operator, machine and system, to communicate more naturally, creating more advanced human / machine interfaces. As part of a suite of advanced visualisation technologies, immersive technologies can become the primary data delivery portals by which information can be delivered to the end user.
The session will explore how far down this journey we are, what are the current best in class examples and what are the most prevalent barriers at present.
http://AugmentedWorldExpo.com
Future of autonomous vehicles interim report summary - 29 august 2019-compr...Future Agenda
The Future of Autonomous Vehicles
Throughout 2019 we are undertaking a series of expert workshops around the world exploring the future of autonomous vehicles. To date 5 discussions have taken place in Los Angeles, Frankfurt, Singapore, Wellington and Melbourne.
This is the summary of a detailed interim report which is being shared from September 8th on www.futureautonomous.org
Additional events are taking place during Q4 of 2019 ahead of the release of a final report.
Developing a report on Marketing based on primary and secondary research as a partial fulfillment of the curricular requirement of the Cardiff MBA program covering areas of Market Share, Size, Growth, STP, Global Environment, Porters 5 Forces model, & 7p's practices, Critical Success Factors etc on “Royal Enfiled”.
Students should be able to:
Understand the characteristics of this market structure with particular reference to the interdependence of firms
Explain the behaviour of firms in this market structure
Explain reasons for collusive and non-collusive behaviour
Evaluate the reasons why firms may wish to pursue both overt and tacit collusion
PLUTo: Phyloinformatic Literature Unlocking Tools
A BBSRC-funded project to find phylogenetic trees in the literature, and make their underlying data re-usable again by extracting it & re-releasing it from the figure image as open, re-usable data
The slides that will accompany my live webcast for OpenCon 2014 attendees, all about open data in research. The benefits, the how to (both legally & technically), examples, pitfalls, and the future of open research data.
SocialCite makes its debut at the HighWire Press meetingKent Anderson
A new service designed to allow readers and researchers to comment on the appropriateness, quality, and type of citations made in the literature made its debut at the HighWire Press Publishers Meeting yesterday.
Specimen-level mining: bringing knowledge back 'home' to the Natural History ...Ross Mounce
A talk given at the Geological Society of London, UK on 2016/03/09 as part of the Lyell meeting on Palaeoinformatics. http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/lyell16 #lyell16
Open Access for Early Career ResearchersRoss Mounce
My talk for the University of Bath Open Access Week session; 23rd October 2013.
http://www.bath.ac.uk/learningandteaching/rdu/courses/pgskills/modules/RP00335.htm
Open access (OA) to scholarly literature recently hit a major milestone: Half of all research articles published become open access, either immediately or after an embargo period. Are the articles you read among them? What about the articles you write? Are the journals to which you submit open-access friendly? What about the journals for which you peer review? Are there any reasons why the public should not have access to the results of taxpayer-funded research?
In this slideshow, Jill Cirasella (Associate Librarian for Public Services and Scholarly Communication, Graduate Center, CUNY) explains the motivation for OA, describes the details of OA, and differentiates between publishing in open access journals (“gold” OA) and self-archiving works in OA repositories (“green” OA). She also dispels persistent myths about OA and examines some of the challenges to OA.
Fifty shades of green and gold: open access to scholarly informationhierohiero
Presentation for Urban Research Utrecht, a research school at Utrecht University, on Open Access to scholarly information in geography and planning, focussing of advantages, disadvantges, various forms, costs and actions of stakeholders
The Open Access movement gains momentum – should young scientists care?Martin Ballaschk
This presentation acommodated a talk I held at the 14th PhD retreat of the two Berlin life science institutes MDC and FMP. Other participants included Zena Werb (UCSF), Helmut Kettenmann (MDC), Paul Schultze-Motel (Helmholtz OA Office) and Angelika Lex (Elsevier).
The main introductory points have bee adressed by a moderator before, so I don't introduce definitions of green and gold open access. The talk is focused on open access journals (what is commonly perceived as "the" open access) and the PhD's students view on it, but also mentions the possibility of deposition of "unfree" publications in publicly accessable repositories ("green OA") as an alternative.
The goal of the discussion and the presentation was to raise awareness for the journal crisis, the possibility of funding and fee waivers in OA journals, and scientist's vs. publisher's interests.
Taking into consideration the evolution of technology and economy globally, we introduce you the next gen vehicles, with an example. Volvo Electric Engine Motorcycle, Volvo Future.
Chris Freeman (AMRC w/Boeing): Visualisation Driven ManufacturingAugmentedWorldExpo
A talk from the Enterprise 2 Track at AWE EU 2018 - the World's #1 XR Conference & Expo in Munich, Germany 18 -19, October, 2018.
Chris Freeman (AMRC w/Boeing): Visualisation Driven Manufacturing
The AMRC with Boeing Factory 2050 digital manufacturing team recognises that the manufacturing environment of the future will be driven by a network of interconnected data systems all working towards delivering intelligent automation as part of Industry 4.0. In this information rich environment, the collection, exploitation and reuse of data is critical in order to maximise the knowledge you garner from it. Alongside enterprise IoT and informatics methodologies, mobile, immersive and augmented information are recognised by Factory 2050 as being central to future manufacturing strategy. In line with just in time methodologies, immersive technologies can act as the conduit that enables operator, machine and system, to communicate more naturally, creating more advanced human / machine interfaces. As part of a suite of advanced visualisation technologies, immersive technologies can become the primary data delivery portals by which information can be delivered to the end user.
The session will explore how far down this journey we are, what are the current best in class examples and what are the most prevalent barriers at present.
http://AugmentedWorldExpo.com
Future of autonomous vehicles interim report summary - 29 august 2019-compr...Future Agenda
The Future of Autonomous Vehicles
Throughout 2019 we are undertaking a series of expert workshops around the world exploring the future of autonomous vehicles. To date 5 discussions have taken place in Los Angeles, Frankfurt, Singapore, Wellington and Melbourne.
This is the summary of a detailed interim report which is being shared from September 8th on www.futureautonomous.org
Additional events are taking place during Q4 of 2019 ahead of the release of a final report.
Developing a report on Marketing based on primary and secondary research as a partial fulfillment of the curricular requirement of the Cardiff MBA program covering areas of Market Share, Size, Growth, STP, Global Environment, Porters 5 Forces model, & 7p's practices, Critical Success Factors etc on “Royal Enfiled”.
Students should be able to:
Understand the characteristics of this market structure with particular reference to the interdependence of firms
Explain the behaviour of firms in this market structure
Explain reasons for collusive and non-collusive behaviour
Evaluate the reasons why firms may wish to pursue both overt and tacit collusion
Future Challenges for Electric VehiclesTorben Haagh
Want to learn more about current and future developments in Electric Vehicles?
Visit our Download Center for more articles, whitepapers and interviews:
http://bit.ly/ev-articles
Summary
Hydrogen is becoming a preferred option as part of moving away from fossil fuels. Renewal projects such as solar and wind farms are now looking at producing hydrogen,
There are still challenges including the movement of hydrogen to export markets and fueling stations/power plant.
Safety issues are very key! Local fire departments/services will need proper training and equipment to fight hydrogen fires.
The capital spending requires to develop hydrogen is well over $500B. Oil and Natural Gas companies are looking at ways to produce green hydrogen as part of the electrolysis process.
Similar to Subscription costs versus open access costs, & Dissolving journals' boundaries (20)
Our Scholarship System is Broke. Can Open Access Fix It?Alex Holcombe
Auckland talk24october openaccessweek.
"Broke" in the sense of ain't got no money because giving too much to publishers. And "Broke" in the sense of broken, e.g. not publishing replication studies.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
3. Profit Company Industry
10% BMW automobiles
23% Rio Tinto mining
25% Google search
29% Apple premium computing
35% Springer scholarly publishing
37% Elsevier scholarly publishing
http://wp.me/ph4jF-kmCC-BYAlexHolcombe
5. $1,350USD / article for PLoS ONE
~$6,000USD / article for Elsevier http://poynder.blogspot.com.au/2012/03/open-
access-brick-by-brick.html#comments
Profit Company Industry
10% BMW automobiles
21%
(not profit)
PLoS.org
non-profit scholarly
publishing
23% Rio Tinto mining
25% Google search
29% Apple premium computing
35% Springer scholarly publishing
37% Elsevier scholarly publishing
http://wp.me/ph4jF-kmCC-BYAlexHolcombe
$
$
$
~
6. $10,780 per
article (not including charges
for color figures)
$1850
$800
$1350
JOURNAL / PUBLISHER COST per article (USD) ACCESS
Subscription
Gold OA
Gold OA
Gold OA
$99, per author
Gold OA
Free OA
$0
7. • ~5,000 journals use Open Journal Systems
(http://src-online.ca/index.php/src/article/view/24/41
• Most free for both authors and readers
• Journal of Eye Movement Research,
24 articles/year
one day of work per week for the chief editor
no-Gold, free OA
Green, free
OA
8. Open access to 1,066,153 e-prints in Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science, …
any publication arising from NHMRC supported research must
be deposited into an open access institutional repository and/or
made available in another open access format within a twelve
month period from the date of publication.
Green, free OA
https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/grants-funding/policy/nhmrc-open-access-policy
-How much a few example unis in the UK are paying to journal publishers for subscriptions. We only have this
-For the 2-3 million pounds they’re giving to these big publishers, each of these universities could employ another 20 researchers.
-But it’s not quite that simple is it? If we aren’t paying subscriptions anymore, what’s going to pay for the cost of publication?
-Bottom line for me is, all reasonable systems are going to be a lot cheaper than this. So maybe we can’t employ 20 researchers as a result, but perhaps 15 more researchers plus 5 librarians to help manage the alternative system, or spend that money on another publishing entity
You’ll start to see the potential for savings with the next slide:
——————————————
Because under any reasonable system, these universities wouldn’t be paying millions of pounds to get access to research for which the overwhelming majority was taxpayer-funded.
-Here I put the companies’ profits in perspective by comparing them to other industries.
-BMW create advanced technology and constant innovation and precise engineering. They make something real, rather than just reformatting manuscripts they’re sent. However due to the competitiveness of the automotive industry their profit is just 10%.
-Apple invented the iPhone, an expensive piece of hardware bought by many, many millions of people a year buy. Plus all the computers in my lab. Apple is the most highly-valued company in the world today.
And have an operating profit of 29%.
-And then there’s our academic STM publishers, receiving manuscripts, sending them out for review, checking what the reviewers say, formatting the manuscripts, putting them on websites.
-Springer comes in at 35%, Elsevier at 37%. Some of the others are very similar at 40%.
-They’re not adding hardly any value, they’re not doing anything really innovative.
-And their profits are just out of this world- they’re enough to make Gina Rinehart blush
-But surely, Alex, they must be doing something great, because otherwise who could they make such big profits in our capitalist efficient market-based society?
-You’ve heard the phrase “it’s like owning a gold mine”, well this is even better than owning a gold mine
better than owning a gold mine. The mining giant Rio Tinto comes in at only 23%. So this level of profit, 37% would be high enough to make Gina Rinehart blush
-These big publishers and a few others today publish the overwhelming majority of scientific articles today.
-------------------------------------
-The first part of the equation is just the standard corporate mandate of profit maximisation, nothing unusual there.
-The toxic ingredient it combines with is the kind of monopoly they have. This is not what we normally think of as a monopoly, it’s not that a single company sells all the journals.
-What they do have a monopoly on is the individual journal title.
-The problem is once Elsevier owns these journals, like these 3 it owns in my field, people never unsubscribe and go to an equivalent product.
-Because even though there’s other publishers out there providing better products, researchers submit to a particular journal because of the prestige it’s built up over the years. And it’s an impact factor, which you can only accrue after a number of years. So, essentially the name of the journal itself is critical, and the publisher has a monopoly on that.
-Of course, the only reason the journals have the prestige and impact factor is because of the work not of the publisher, but rather of the academics that write and edit the manuscripts.
-The unusual part is the monopoly that the journal owners have on journal titles. I call it a monopoly because individual journals are not the kind of good that can be substituted for by simply creating an equivalent product at a lower price. Instead, journals have this prestige associated with the actual name of the product and also its impact factor.
Here are a few prestigious journals in my own field, all owned by Elsevier
-If you create a new, better journal, it won’t start out with any prestige and it won’t have any impact factor.
-Of course, the only reason the journals have the prestige and impact factor is because of the work not of the publisher, but rather of the academics that write and edit the manuscripts.
-So it’s very much in the power of academia and medicine to get rid of this system
---------------------------------------------------------------
-People outside the system think yeah, just start another publisher and undercut the traditional publishers on price. Or do something better than them, “disrupt the paradigm” in Silicon Valley parlance to eliminate the problem
-Unfortunately it’s not that simple- you can’t start a competitor and expect to get anywhere.
-The reason is that we researchers are evaluated on whether we publish in these prestige old publisher-owned journals. Evaluated for promotions and for grants
-And the publishers own the actual journal titles, so they have something like a monopoly on the high-impact journals that it’s really important for academics to publish in.
-And of course their mandate for their shareholders is to maximize their profits, so they end up charging outrageous subscription fees, because they can. They know that the academics demand that the library buys these journals that their best colleagues are publishing their work in
-In addition to those companies, there’s also a lot of non-profit organisations.
-Let’s consider one- PLoS, the Public Library Of Science. The world’s first big open-access publisher.
-In 2006, I joined the advisory board of a new journal they were planning to create called PLoS ONE. It grew much more rapidly than anyone anticipated. It now publishes 30 THOUSAND articles a year, making it the largest journal in the world.
-It doesn’t make profits, but from its annual report I was able to calculate its approximate excess revenue relative to its costs. And that excess is approximately 21% for its publication fee of $1350
-You can come up with a related figure for Elsevier, by taking the total number of articles they publish and dividing by the revenue they get from subscriptions to those journals.
-You can see it’s a hell of a lot more than what the community is paying for PLoS, with the bonus that the OpenAccess articles are free to the world forever rather than requiring a subscription.
-Moreover, PLoS charges a lot more than do other open access publishers.
-Nonprofits can do a very good job providing the same service, without the mandate to shareholders that they maximize their profits
-To get those profits, they’re charging university libraries an arm and a leg for the scholarly articles written, reviewed, and edited by we researchers
-It’s a very different revenue model, so to compare the true cost, I had to do some calculations.
-The case of the open access journals is straightforward. You pay once, and it’s then free forever, and available for anyone to re-use any portion of it.
-For traditional journals, libraries pay for a subscription of course, and do it every year. And people without subscriptions can’t read them.
-Based on the total subscription revenue of Elsevier and the number of articles they publish, Elsevier earns over $10K/article they publish.
-Finally, we know it can be much cheaper than even these non-profit publishers are charging
-PeerJ is a new for-profit business started by the former publisher of PLoS ONE which
-So while many people think the alternative to subscription OA is authors paying from a few hundred to a few thousand to support the journal, there are real, really existing viable alternatives for free.
-Many universities across the world have installed the free Open Journal Systems software which allows them to create a journal at the push of a button.
-There’s about 5,000 of these journals that use Open Journal Systems, including several at the University of Sydney and UTS, probably at your own university.
-As an example, there’s the JEMR, which is a well-regarded journal that publishes about 24 articles a year, and the chief editor told me it takes him about 1 day of work per week.
-I believe Professor Ashton may talk more about this model in the next talk
———————————————-
GREEN OA
-Finally we come to green openaccess. This is probably the simplest way to achieve openaccess without a big change to our existing publishing habits.
-Physics has embraced it the most. In many areas of physics, since the late 1980s, when researchers are done with a manuscript, rather than submitting it to a journal, many researchers have first simply posted it to a community website called arXiv.org. This Green OA has been an enormously successful end-run around journals. Many of the manuscripts involved end up in journals, but months or years before that, they’ve been disseminated via this website and getting feedback from colleagues that way.
It’s simply a cultural shift that has sped up science in these areas.
-It’s also practiced in a number of other areas through other websites such as the Social Sciences Research Network.
-But you don’t need
-Strengthening these research council mandates are the most
———————————————-
It used to be that a journal article was a completely stand-alone entity.
If you wanted to know anything about that research, you had to get access to and subscribe to the article.
Now we have more and more cases where raw data is posted along with the article, post-publication commentary associated with the article accumulates, and links to reports of replications or partial replications.
Also journalism about the research.
There is sometimes approximately as much information around the article as there is in the article.
Used to be that a journal article was a completely stand-alone entity.
If you wanted to know about that research, you had to get access to and subscribe to the article. The article was always just a data summary, with spin.
Increasingly, now, in the open web one finds:
1. the data behind the paper
2. post-publication commentary
3. re-analyses
There is sometimes approximately as much information in this "grey literature" around the article as there is in the article itself. As these additional information sources grow in importance, the article's relative importance diminishes.
And it becomes more obvious that scholars need to link to, re-use, and remix individual figures, individual numbers, and individual claims in the article. Subscription access is, then, increasingly awkward- it hinders each of these, plus 1, 2, and 3 above.