This document discusses marketing mix strategies for creative industries. It defines marketing as communicating the value of products/services to customers. The traditional marketing mix includes the 4 Ps - Product, Price, Promotion, and Placement. More recently, models have expanded the mix to 7 Ps and the 4 Cs, focusing more on customers. For creative industries, the document proposes a 9P marketing mix that addresses the sector's complexities. This includes the traditional Ps plus Property Rights, People, Process, and Physicals, as well as Partners. The 9P mix provides a framework for defining marketing strategies to engage customers in creative markets.

1. EUROPEAN COURSE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES
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MARKETING MIX
9 P’s

2. EUROPEAN COURSE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES
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Marketing MIX
What is Marketing?
We look at Marketing as the process of working markets, usually seen as a process of
communication regarding the value of products, services or brands to the costumers. Sometimes it
might be interpreted as the art of selling products and services, but in fact, selling is just a small
part of the marketing process.
According the American Marketing Association, “marketing is the activity, set of institutions,
and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value
for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. (Approved October 2007)
Marketing must be seen as a total immersion process in the market, linking the requirements of the
society and its economic patterns of response, aiming towards the costumer’s satisfaction. It must
be looked at as an organizational function where strategic decisions are toked to creating
processes, defining actions for delivering and communicating value to the costumers, managing
customer relationships as well as to create benefits throughout the organization.
The Scope of Marketing
Marketing is involved in 10 types of entities that organizations must use to define their
combined strategies in order to promote the best match between costumer needs and the most
profitable way to benefit the organization. The 10 types are:
1. Goods
2. Services
3. Experiences
4. Events
5. Persons
6. Places
7. Properties
8. Organizations
9. Information
10. Ideas
Marketing-MIX

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The marketing mix is a business tool kit to define strategic and operational actions, especially
when the organization is determining the product or brand’s offering.
The traditional point of view of marketing mix, use the four Ps:
• Product
• Price
• Promotion
• Placement
More recently a conceptual upgrade was made to 7 Ps:
• Product
• Price
• Promotion
• Placement
• People
• Process
• Physicals
In recent times, some authors made other approaches to the marketing mix concept and
introduced the four Cs, a more customer-driven replacement of four Ps.
One is Lauterborn's four Cs (Consumer, Cost, Communication, Convenience), another is Shimizu's
four Cs (Commodity, Cost, Communication, Channel).
In Creative Industries, considering both points of view as well as the complexity and the specific
characteristics of this sector, we may define 9Ps that serve as drivers to define the strategy to
work in the market.
• Product
• Property Rights (Rights Management &DRM)
• Price
• Placement
• Promotion
o Advertising and promotional strategy
o Mix of communication
o Webization Strategy
• People
• Process
• Physicals
• Partners - The Big Five ‐ SISPAS (Suppliers, Investors, Sponsors, Place Agents, State)