Organic or Non-nutrient containing compounds derived from natural products which can stimulate plant growth and development without causing known harm to the environment.” Such products consist of humic acids, marine algae (sea weed) extracts, non-hormonal plant metabolites and vitamins”

1. Role of amino acid, fulvic acid and humic acid in
fruit crops
ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry
Navsari Agricultural University
Navsari – 396 450
SPEAKER:
Aniket Kumar Sahu
3rd sem., M.Sc. (Horti.) Fruit Science
MAJOR GUIDE:
Dr. B. M. Tandel
Associate Professor
Department of Fruit Science
Navsari Agricultural University,
Navsari
MINOR GUIDE:
Dr. N. K. Patel
Assistant Professor
Department of Vegetable Science
Navsari Agricultural University,
Navsari

2. CONTENT
Amino acid
Effect of amino acid
Review of literature
Role of fulvic acid for plants
Conclusion
Fulvic acid
Benefits of Humic Acid
Humic acid
Review of literature
Review of literature

3. Organic compound
• Biostimulants or Agents which at very low concentrations improve the basic
biochemical processes or other physiological processes in plants and soil, and
thereby improve the growth and development of crop vigour, yields, quality
and post-harvest shelf life/conservation of plants and increase their resistance
to stress
“Organic or Non-nutrient containing compounds derived from natural
products which can stimulate plant growth and development without causing
known harm to the environment.” Such products consist of humic acids, marine
algae (sea weed) extracts, non-hormonal plant metabolites and vitamins”
(Kumar and Shivay, 2008)
1

4. “The essential unit responsible for protein molecule formation. They are
organic carbon acid made up of amino (NH2) and carboxyl (COOH) group in
addition to the alkyl (R) group which is specific to each amino acid and know as a
side chain ” (Al – Modhafer, 2009)
 Amino acids are the basic ingredient in protein biosynthesis. More than 20
types of amino acids play a role in the biosynthesis process
Amino acid
2

5. Effect of amino acid
Effect on plants:
1. Protein Synthesis
2. Stress Resistance
3. Effect of Photosynthesis
4. Chelating agent
5. Regulate stomatal opening
6. Hormones and PGRs
7. Pollination and Fruit formation
8. Equilibrium of soil flora
Effect on soil:
1. Increases microbial activity
2. Microbial balance in the soil
Directly absorb into
plant via foliar, stomata
and root
Amino acids
SOIL
Increases microbial activity.
Consequently, soil amending effect.
3

6. Protein synthesis
Proteins have a structure function, metabolic
function (enzymes) a transport function and a
stock of Amino Acids function
Stress resistance
Proline play a role in the physiology of stress in
plants.
Proline, an amino acid, plays an important role
in plants. It protects the plants from various
stresses and also help plants to recover from
stress more rapidly
4

7. Amino acid as a chelating agent: enhanced nutrient absorption
A metal chelate of amino acid, Glycine: Chelated
metals are absorbed easily by plants
Effect of photosynthesis
Glycine and glutamic acid base compound in vegetative tissue formation and the synthesis of chlorophyll
Regulate stomata opening
L-Glutamic acid acts as a cytoplasm osmotic agent of the “Guard Cell”. Thus favouring opening of the
stomata for longer time
5

8. Role of amino acids in osmotic regulation
Availability of water is a major factor affecting yield of many crops. Water scarcity limits cell
expansion and reduces cell rigidity due to water loss. These cellular effects of water stress is
manifested through restricted shoot and leaf growth
Healthy leaf
Turgid cell
Wilted leaf
Plasmolyzed cell
In plants, the pressure exerted by
osmotic flow of water through the
permeable membrane of plant
cell is called turgidity
When plant is dehydrated, there
is an outward osmotic flow of
water which causes the plant cells
to shrink
Amino acid can keep the cells turgid by
modulating osmotic pressure
6

9. Hormones and plant growth regulators
Plant hormones such as auxins, cytokinin's and
gibberellins, associated with the formation of the
interest generated by the synthesis of amino acids
Pollination and fruit formation
L-Proline helps in fertility of Pollen, L-Lysine, L-
Methionine, L-Glutamic Acid are essential amino acids
for pollination
7

10. Essential amino acids Non essential amino acids Special amino acids
Lysine Cysteine GABA
Methionine Tyrosine DOPA
Valine Serine Citrulline
Tryptophan Alanine Ornithine
Isoleucine Arginine Taurine
Histidine Aspartic acid
Phenylalanine Glutamic acid
Threonine Glycine
Leucine Hydroxylysine
Proline
Amino acids classification
8

11. Amino acid Symbol Formula
Glycine Gly
Alanine Ala
Valine Val
Methionine Met
Isoleucine Lle
Tryptophan Try
The role of major amino acids and their structural formula
9

12. Continue….
Threonine The
Phenylalanine Phe
Serine Ser
Glutamic Acid Glu
Lysine Lys
Aspartic Acid Asp
Proline Pro
Histidine His
10

13.  Points have to be considered during spraying amino acids on plant
 Spraying the amino acids during the early morning
 Avoid mixing compounds containing calcium and sulfur with mineral oils
 Spraying amino acids at the beginning of the critical growth stages in order to enhance
the root and shoot growth
 In the case of use of individual amino acids, it is preferable to treat the lack of elements
before spraying
11

14. REVIEW
OF
LITERATURE

15. Treatments
No. of cracked
fruits/tree
Fruit cracking (%) Fruit weight (g)
Fruit diameter
(cm)
Season 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012
Control “tap water” 33.00a 18.00a 29.85a 29.05a 339.00b 338.00f 7.94c 8.85e
T1: Proline 50 ppm 31.00b 15.00b 20.28b 19.98b 357.00b 353.00e 8.57b 8.90d
T2: Proline 75 ppm 22.00e 12.00c 12.22e 15.77c 388.00a 365.00d 8.83ab 9.15c
T3: Proline 100 ppm 29.00c 9.00e 14.37d 10.87de 399.00a 383.00c 8.85ab 9.43b
T4: Tryptophan 50 ppm 25.00d 10.00d 17.17c 12.09cd 340.00b 376.00c 8.82ab 9.17c
T5: Tryptophan 75 ppm 22.00e 9.00e 11.88e 10.21de 396.00a 405.00b 8.99a 9.30bc
T6: Tryptophan 100 ppm 18.00f 7.00f 8.04f 7.42e 408.00a 417.00a 9.08a 9.63a
Table 1: Effect of proline and tryptophan foliar sprays on fruit cracking and some
fruit physical properties of Manfalouty pomegranate variety
Sayed et al. (2014)
Cario, Egypt 12
Means within a column, following with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 levels

16. Table 2: Effect of foliar spraying seaweed extract and amino acid on
vegetative growth and total chlorophyll content of anna apple
Treatment Shoot length (cm) Number of leaves Leaf area (cm2)
Chlorophyll
content (mg/g)
Season 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015
T1 :2 ml L-1
seaweed extract
44.90a 44.91a 36.33b 38.00b 37.62a 36.90a 34.63ab 36.37a
T2 : 0.5 ml L-1
amino acid
37.00b 36.78b 44.33a 45.00a 33.31b 34.39b 33.81ab 34.98ab
T3 : 2 ml L-1
seaweed extract +
0.5 ml L-1 amino
acid
48.11a 49.12a 47.00a 48.33a 38.77a 38.97a 37.59a 36.44a
Control 35.22b 36.43b 36.33b 35.00b 32.30b 33.98b 31.48b 33.46b
Means within a column, following with the same letters are not significantly different at 0.05 levels
Thanaa et al. (2016)
Giza, Egypt 13

17. Treatments Alternaria tenus Alternaria fici Penicillium
expausum
Aspergillus
niger
% Total
decay
Control 1.80a 1.70a 1.62a 1.91a 10.78a
T1: Amister (Am) 4 % 1.75b 1.63ab 1.54ab 1.79b 10.44b
T2: Gusto (Gu) 4 % 1.72b 1.66ab 1.50ab 1.80b 10.36bc
T3: Bleed of grape (Bg) 100 % 1.45c 1.32bc 1.41bc 1.52ce 9.10c
T4: Brawn seaweed extract (Bs) 4 % 1.41ce 1.47bc 1.47bc 1.57c 9.58b
T5: Am + Gu 1.33ef 1.35ab 1.30ce 1.60c 9.28c
T6: Am + Bg 1.36e 1.29abc 1.25d 1.48bc 8.63cd
T7: Am + Bs 1.27de 1.22de 1.27cde 1.51cd 9.98d
T8: Gu + Bg + Bs 1.11f 1.01ef 1.12de 1.29def 6.96g
T9: Am + Gu + Bg 0.92fg 1.05ef 1.07ef 1.34cdef 6.65g
T10: Am + Bg + Bs 1.05g 0.94fg 0.93fg 1.23efg 6.27h
T11: Am + Gu +Bs 0.83h 0.78g 0.88gh 1.19fg 5.57i
T12: Am + Gu + Bg + Bs 0.64i 0.41h 0.72hi 1.09h 4.61j
Table 3: Effect of foliar spraying with amino acids, bleed grape and seaweed
extract on percentage disease and total decay of fig fruits cv. Asowd Diala
Al – Hameedawi (2018)
Kufa, Iraq 14

18. Antioxidant
Concentration
(ppm)
Fruit
diameter (cm)
Fruit
length (cm)
Fruit
weight (gm)
Pulp
weight (gm)
Juice
volume(cm3)
Control Control 6.27 7.81 276.00 180.90 63.70
Alpha-
tocopherol
100 7.27 9.34 326.60 232.60 78.40
200 7.45 9.58 358.30 266.80 81.80
400 7.75 9.86 378.20 285.90 93.40
mean 7.48 9.59 354.40 261.80 84.50
Glutamic
acid
100 8.04 10.33 406.30 318.90 102.10
200 8.70 10.69 426.40 338.30 110.10
400 9.12 11.28 458.70 368.50 120.00
mean 8.62 10.77 430.50 341.90 110.70
LSD at 5% 0.79 0.65 7.61 4.13 15.60
Table 4: Effect of foliar spraying alpha-tocopherol and glutamic acid on fruit
properties of mango (mean of two seasons)
Orabi et al. (2018)
Giza, Egypt 15

19. Antioxidant
Concentration
(ppm)
TSS (%)
Acidity
(%)
Total
sugar (%)
Reducing
sugars (%)
Vit. C. (%)
Control Control 16.73 0.39 11.30 6.24 35.65
Alpha-
tocopherol
100 17.24 0.36 12.35 6.55 36.73
200 17.63 0.34 12.63 7.65 37.84
400 18.77 0.33 13.44 8.44 38.91
mean 17.88 0.34 12.81 7.55 37.83
Glutamic acid
100 19.87 0.28 14.63 8.70 40.89
200 20.69 0.25 15.74 9.57 41.51
400 21.73 0.22 16.82 10.10 43.55
mean 20.76 0.25 15.73 9.46 41.98
LSD at 5% 1.62 N.S 2.06 1.76 2.06
Table 5: Effect of foliar spraying alpha-tocopherol and glutamic acid on juice
properties of mango (mean of two seasons)
Orabi et al. (2018)
Giza, Egypt 16

20. Treatments Fruit retention (%) Fruit drop (%)
Season 2016 2017 Mean 2016 2017 Mean
T1: 0.25 % ( peptone ) 7 DAFB 88.07 88.65 88.36 11.93 11.35 11.64
T2: 0.50 % 7 DAFB 86.37 87.38 86.88 13.63 12.62 13.12
T3: 0.25 % 14 DAFB 87.74 87.50 87.62 12.26 12.50 12.38
T4: 0.50 % 14 DAFB 85.25 86.82 86.04 14.75 13.18 13.96
T5: T1 + 0.25 % after 15 days 86.84 86.28 86.56 15.16 13.72 14.44
T6: T2 + 0.50 % after 15 days 86.00 88.30 86.68 14.00 11.70 13.32
T7: T3 + 0.25 % after 15 days 88.81 87.36 88.85 11.19 12.64 11.45
T8: T4 + 0.50 % after 15 days 89.10 89.47 89.29 10.90 10.53 10.71
T9: T5 + 0.25 % after 15 days 82.24 86.36 84.30 17.76 13.64 15.70
T10: T6 + 0.50 % after 15 days 85.35 86.23 85.79 14.65 13.77 14.21
T11: T7 + 0.25 % after 15 days 85.26 86.48 85.87 14.74 13.52 14.13
T12: T8 + 0.50 % after 15 days 82.56 86.20 84.38 17.44 13.80 15.62
T13: Control 79.08 83.70 81.39 20.92 16.30 18.61
Mean 85.44 86.98 86.21 14.56 13.02 13.79
LSD (P≤0.05) 6.07 4.57 3.45 1.49 1.93 1.02
Table 6: Effect of amino acid (peptone) on fruit retention (%), fruit drop of peach cv.
‘Florda Prince’
Kaur and Singh (2019)
PAU, Ludhiana 17

21. Fulvic acid
Fulvic acids are a family of organic acids, natural compounds and
components of the humus (which is a fraction of soil organic matter)
They are similar to humic acids with differences being their carbon and oxygen
contents, acidity, degree of polymerization, molecular weight and color
18

22. Dead Organisms & Wastes, etc.
Lignin
Carbohydrate Lipid
Pigments
Protein
Tannin
Chitin
HUMUS : Decomposed organic matter
Chemical, Biochemical, Pressure, Age, Oxidation, Reduction
HUMIC ACID FULVIC ACID
High Pressure and
Low Oxygen favours
Condensation
= Humate production
Low Pressure and
High Oxygen favours
Decomposion
= Fulvate production
Decomposition
Humification
PROCESS OF FORMATION OF FULVIC ACID
19

23. Humic acid versus Fulvic acid
Humic acid Fulvic acid
A variety of organic acids obtained from organic
constituents of humus, which is soluble in water
at certain pH levels
A variety of organic acids of the humus, which is
soluble in water at all pH levels
Black or dark brown in color Yellow to yellowish brown in color
Provide sustained food for microbes –
sustained benefit in soil
Quickly degraded and consumed in
soil – still beneficial for microbes
Not easily absorbed by leaves Easily absorbed by leaves
Retains moisture in the soil Carries nutrients to the plant
Molecular weight is high Molecular weight is low
20

24. Fulvic acid and their natural source
Fulvic Acids
Black Peat (40%)
Compost (5%)
Dung (15%)
Soil (5%)
Brown Coal (30%) Sapropel Peat (20%)
Hard Coal (Black) (1%)
Sludge (5%)
21

25. Role of fulvic acid for plants
• Improve the quality of crops:-
 Fulvic acid enhances the synthesis of sugar, starch, protein, fat and various vitamins. It can stimulate the
activity of polysaccharides and convert polysaccharides into soluble monosaccharides
• Fulvic acid ameliorates drought stress:-
 Foliar application of FA improved the drought resistance and this was associated with partial closure of
the stomata, which reduced transpiration loss and raised the water potential during the period of flower
development
22
No FA treated plant
FA treated plant

26. • Regulate enzymatic reactions:-
 Fulvic acid can stimulate the activity of polysaccharidase, hydrolyze the pectin of the young cell wall, soften
the cell wall, make the cell easy to elongate and divide, and grow vertically and horizontally, so it has a
significant effect on promoting the growth of young cells in new tissues
• Increase chlorophyll content and promote photosynthesis:-
 Fulvic acid can promote the absorption and operation of trace elements by plants, significantly increase the
chlorophyll content of leaves
• Enhance respiration:-
 Fulvic acid can enhance the activity of respiratory enzymes, especially the activity of terminal oxidase
23

27. • Promote the absorption and transportation of mineral elements:-
 Fulvic acid can form soluble complexes (chelates) with mineral elements in the soil
• Effect of fulvic acids (FA) on soil fertility:-
 Fulvic acids (FA) significantly decreases the soil pH. Fulvic acid also influences the growth of soil
microbial biomass and microbial activity. fulvic acids (FA) are the active ingredients and provides
carbon and energy to microorganisms
24

28. REVIEW
OF
LITERATURE

29. Treatments
Yield / palm
(kg/palm)
Fruit weight
(g)
Flesh weight
(g)
2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011
T1 : Control (water only) 96.16 92.33 20.34 19.63 18.47 17.95
T2 : Fulvic acid at 83.33 ml/L 105.66 101.00 23.92 22.04 21.92 19.80
T3 : Microelement 101.55 97.67 21.59 20.48 19.63 18.45
T4 : Micro-organism at 83.33 ml/L 117.39 112.83 25.93 23.05 23.84 20.95
T5 : (T2 + T3) 132.94 129.83 26.37 29.34 24.20 27.19
T6 : (T2 + T4) 161.50 156.05 28.39 30.75 26.15 28.48
T7 : (T2+T3+T4) 174.16 169.33 33.29 32.45 30.93 30.07
LSD at 0.05 level 6.57 4.97 0.56 1.10 0.58 1.03
Table 7: Effect of soil application organic substance, micro-elements and
microorganisms on yield traits of Zaghloul date palm
El- Boray et al. (2012)
Cario , Egypt
25

30. Treatments Stage
Fruit number
/tree
Yield/ tree (kg) Yield ( ton/fed.)
2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013
T1: humic acid + Ca + Zn + B At bud brust 252.00 266.60 42.00 43.29 13.98 14.41
T2: humic acid + Ca + Zn + B After Complete fruit set 253.60 277.60 43.29 46.74 14.41 15.56
T3: humic acid + Ca + Zn + B Beginning of coloring 223.30 247.60 36.63 41.03 12.19 13.66
T4: humic acid + Ca + Zn + B End of coloring 237.60 235.00 39.22 38.15 13.05 12.70
T5: humic acid + Ca + Zn + B Fruit maturing 223.30 266.30 35.29 44.92 11.75 14.95
T6: fulvic acid + Ca + Zn + B At bud brust 260.00 276.00 43.07 46.46 14.34 15.47
T7: fulvic acid + Ca + Zn + B After Complete fruit set 297.30 298.60 52.63 54.96 17.52 18.30
T8: fulvic acid + Ca + Zn + B Beginning of colouring 234.00 231.00 39.00 35.57 12.98 11.84
T9: fulvic acid + Ca + Zn + B End of colouring 231.30 253.30 36.09 40.20 12.01 13.38
T10: fulvic acid + Ca + Zn + B Fruit maturing 231.00 219.30 32.88 34.80 10.94 11.58
LSD at 5% level - 5.47 4.15 1.80 1.72 0.54 0.77
Table 8: Interaction effect of humic and fulvic acids with some nutrients as foliar spray
at different time of applications on yield and its components of apple trees
Cario, Egypt El- Boray et al. (2015)
26
fulvic acids at 4 liter/fed. calcium nitrate (0.4 %), zinc sulphate (250 ppm) and borax (20 ppm)

31. Treatments
Yield (kg/vine) Cluster weight (g) 100 berry weight (g)
2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016
Control (tap water) 8.75c 8.85d 525.00e 531.30e 226.60e 231.00f
T1: Chitosan (500 ppm) 9.46b 9.56bc 531.30de 540.30d 236.60cd 245.00de
T2: Salicylic acid (500 ppm) 9.32b 9.52c 528.70de 538.70de 230.00de 241.00e
T3: Fulvic acid (500 ppm) 9.45b 9.45c 535.30cd 547.00cd 236.30cd 247.30cd
T4: Chitosan + Salicylic Acid
(500 ppm)
9.61b 9.71abc 540.00c 550.00c 237.00cd 251.70c
T5: Chitosan+ Fulvic acid (500 ppm) 9.76ab 9.89ab 550.00b 553.50c 247.60ab 258.70b
T6: Salicylic acid + Fulvic acid
(500 ppm)
9.86ab 9.97ab 552.00b 565.70b 240.00bc 258.70b
T7: Chitosan+ Salicylic acid + Fulvic
acid (500 ppm)
10.08a 10.15a 560.33a 577.00a 255.00a 266.00a
Table 9: Effect of Chitosan, salicylic acid and fulvic acid on yield, cluster weight,
berry weight in berries of Thompson Seedless grapevines
El- Kenawy (2017)
Cario, Egypt 27
In a column, figure having the same letter are not significantly different

32. Treatments
Shoot length (cm)
Leaf surface
area/leaf
(cm2)
Total chlorophyll
(mg/g FW)
2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015
T1: Control (only water foliar spray). 104.70 107.37 94.08 94.37 7.08 7.20
T2: Mg (1 %) as magnesium sulphate. 122.27 119.53 95.71 99.10 7.12 7.99
T3: K (2 %) as potassium sulphate. 129.57 131.30 101.43 102.48 8.89 8.92
T4: Mg (1 %) + K (2 %) 133.00 138.53 103.08 103.26 10.01 9.91
T5: Fulvic acid at 9 ml/liter/vine. 133.93 140.70 104.16 104.38 10.89 11.04
T6: Fulvic acid (9 ml/liter/vine) + Mg (1 %) 137.07 139.33 104.35 104.58 11.74 11.74
T7: Fulvic acid (9 ml/liter/vine) + K (2 %) 143.20 144.67 109.49 109.73 11.86 12.48
T8: Fulvic acid (9 ml/liter/vine) + Mg (1 %)
+ K (2 %)
151.17 152.97 114.96 115.70 12.40 13.10
LSD at 5% 7.30 6.93 4.56 3.60 0.39 0.28
Table 10: Effect of foliar spray of fulvic acid and (K and Mg) on vegetative growth
of King Ruby grapevines
Mostafa et al. (2017)
Cario, Egypt 28

33. HUMIC ACID
• Humic acid is an organic chemical produced by decaying plants and animals
residues by a process called “Humification”
• Humic acid is one of the major components of humic substances which is dark
brown in color and the major constituents of soil organic matter humus that
contributes to soil chemical and physical properties and are also precursors of
some fossil fuels
29

34. Humic substances
• Humic Acids: The fraction of humus that is soluble in water, except for conditions more
acidic than pH 2. Common colors are dark brown to black
• Humins: The fraction of humus that is not soluble in water at any pH and that cannot be
extracted with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Commonly black in colour
• Humates: Humates are metal (mineral) salts of humic (HAs) or fulvic acids (FAs) within any
humic substance there are a large number of complex humate molecules
• Fulvic Acids: The fraction of humus that is soluble in water under all pH conditions. Their
color is commonly light yellow to yellow-brown
30

35. Where does humic acid comes from?
 Humic Acid comes from Leonardite
 It is usually found associated with lignite coal deposits
 Leonardite has been produced over millions of years in the same way as coal, and
contains all the natural products from prehistoric plant life
 Humic and Fulvic acids can be extracted chemically from Leonardite by chemical
extraction – known as alkaline hydrolysis
31

36. 32

37. Humification
Plant residues
Transformation by microorganisms
Amino compounds
sugars
Humic substances
polyphenols
quinones
Modified lignins
Lignin
Decomposition
products
quinones
4
3
2
1
Humic Acids
Carbon 52 %
Oxygen 40 %
Hydrogen 5 %
33 Stevenson (1982)

38. Humic Acids
Black Peat (10 %)
Compost (2 %)
Dung (5 %)
Soil (1 %)
Brown Coal (10 %) Sapropel Peat (10 %)
Hard Coal (Black) (0 %)
Sludge (1 %)
Humic acid and their natural source
34

39. Benefits of Humic Acid
Physical Benefits Biological Benefits
• Improves soil structure
• Increases water holding capacity
• Increases aeration of soil
• Reduces soil erosion
• Dark colour of soil, which helps in
absorption of the sun light
• Increases germination of seeds
• Stimulates root growth
• Improve microbial growth
• Increases quality and quantity of
yields
• Protection of plants from Drought,
Temperature, Salt and Alkali stress
35

40. Chemical benefits:
• Regulates the pH value of soils
• Induces high Cation Exchange Capacity
• Improves both the uptake and retention of
nutrients
• Improves micronutrient availability - Iron and
Zinc
• Reduces availability of harmful toxins in soil
Method of application:
• Applied directly to the soil
• In the form of foliar application
36

41. Soil application of
HumicAcid
Uptake of major plant nutrients
• Humic acid is naturally oxidized
• The application of either dry or liquid humic substances to soil dramatically increases fertilizer efficiency
• Increased uptake of calcium, magnesium when plant are irrigated with liquid suspensions of humic acid
• Humic substances reduce toxicity and leaching of nitrogen compounds into subsoil water
37

42. Better Overall Soil Structure
• Humic substances are key components of a friable (loose) soil structure
• Complex carbohydrates synthesized by bacteria and humic substances function together with clay and silt to
form soil aggregates
• These aggregates are formed by electrical processes which increase the cohesive forces that cause very fine soil
particles and clay components to attract each other
• Once formed these aggregates help create a desirable crumb structure in the top soil, making it more friable
38

43. REVIEW
OF
LITERATURE

44. Table 11: Effect of humic acid treatments on fruit length, volume, weight and yield
of Florida Prince peach trees
Treatments
Fruit length (cm) Fruit volume (cm3) Fruit weight (g) Yield (kg/tree)
First
season
Second
season
First
season
Second
season
First
season
Second
season
First
season
Second
season
T1= Control 4.28b 4.27b 46.00c 45.00c 45.70c 44.67c 41.13c 40.20c
T2= 0.25 % SA* 5.35a 5.50a 68.00b 67.00b 64.87b 63.78b 58.38b 57.40b
T3= 0.25 % FA** 5.23a 5.29a 65.00b 68.00b 60.73b 65.14b 54.66b 58.63b
T4= 0.50 % SA * 5.23a 5.13a 62.00b 65.00b 59.84b 62.30b 53.86b 56.17b
T5= 0.50 % FA** 5.14a 5.30a 62.00b 66.00b 59.64b 62.89b 53.68b 56.60b
T6= T2 + T3 5.15a 5.26a 66.00b 66.00b 63.96b 63.41b 57.56b 57.07b
T7= T4 + T5 5.48a 5.47a 79.00a 81.00a 81.11a 79.56a 72.19a 71.61a
(*)SA = Soil application, (**) FA= foliar application
Razek et al. (2012)
Cario, Egypt
39
Means within a column followed by different letter (s) are statistically different at 5 % level

45. Table 12: Effect of soil application of humic acid on vegetative growth of Egyptian
lime trees
Humic acid
ml/tree
Shoot length
(cm)
Number of
leaves
per shoot
Leaf area (cm2)
Canopy volume
(m3)
2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016
T1: Control 32.40 35.20 19.20 20.80 14.50 15.60 23.70 25.80
T2: 10 humic acid ml/tree 41.50 43.00 27.40 26.60 15.60 16.50 25.20 27.20
T3: 20 humic acid ml/tree 45.40 45.30 26.40 27.10 16.00 16.80 26.80 29.40
T4: 30 humic acid ml/tree 47.80 49.80 29.80 30.70 16.70 17.40 28.10 31.60
L.S.D.at 5 % 2.25 1.23 1.34 1.30 1.56 1.14 1.70 2.29
Ennab (2016)
Giza, Egypt
40

46. Fig. 1 : Effect of humic acid on soil N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn (mg/kg soil) before beginning and after the end of
experiment
Ennab (2016)
Giza, Egypt 41

47. Humic acid (ml L-1)
Number of
fruits per plant
Titratable
acidity (%)
Total carotenoids
(mg g-1)
Total Lycopene
(mg g-1)
T1: Control 22.6bc 0.86 15.27a 0.0220a
T2: 1.5 humic acid (ml L-1) 26.3ab 0.84 16.61ab 0.0243a
T3: 3.0 humic acid (ml L-1) 28.3a 0.75 17.84ab 0.0244a
T4: 4.5 humic acid (ml L-1) 21c 0.65 15.58b 0.0019b
LSD at P≤0.05 3.98 NS 0.07 0.005
Table 13: Effect Humic acid influenced on number of fruit, total carotenoid and
total lycopene content of strawberry cv. Chandler
Ullah et al. (2017)
Islamabad, Pakistan
42
Means followed by similar letter(s) are statistically at par with each at 5% levels of significance Percent

48. Treatments
Total fruits/
Plant (number)
Total fruit
yield/plant (kg)
Average Fruit
diameter (mm)
Average
Fruit weight (g)
T1 224.00c 36.23c 69.64c 162.70c
T2 206.00d 36.91c 70.91bc 178.40b
T3 211.00d 36.74c 71.85bc 175.10b
T4 238.00b 44.19b 72.48bc 183.60ab
T5 245.00b 45.13b 74.31b 177.90b
T6 272.00a 55.31a 78.65a 190.00a
Control 196.00e 29.14d 67.14d 154.90d
Table 14: Effects of foliar spray of humic acid and micro power applications on
various reproductive attributes of citrus cv. Kinnow Mandarin.
T1 :HA 80 ml T4: HA 80 ml + MP 80 ml
T2: HA 80(40+40) ml T5: HA 80(40+40) ml + MP 80(40+40) ml
T3: HA 80(26.6+26.6+26.6) ml T6: HA 80(26.6+26.6+26.6) ml + MP 80 (26.6+26.6+26.6) ml
HM : Humic acid MP : Micro power
Hameed et al. (2018)
Faisalabad, Pakistan
43

49. Figure 2: Effect of humic acid (HA) and multinutirent (MP) on various vegetative attributes of
citrus trees cv. Kinnow Mandarin
Hameed et al. (2018)
Faisalabad, Pakistan 44
Treatments having different letters are significantly different, P≤0.05 by ANOVA.

50. Treatments
Fruit weight (g) Fruit length
(mm)
Fruit width
(mm)
Pulp weight
(g)
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
Control 457.00 442.00 112.40 112.70 62.30 63.40 268.60 274.30
T1 : 0.30 % HA 482.00 488.00 127.20 127.80 68.80 68.80 292.40 297.50
T2 : 0.45 % HA 502.00 495.00 129.20 129.80 69.60 70.40 296.80 299.40
T3 : 300 mg L–1 BA 484.00 481.00 126.20 128.70 67.60 68.20 285.80 291.60
T4 : 600 mg L–1 BA 498.00 484.00 127.30 129.40 68.50 69.20 287.90 297.40
T5 : 0.30 % HA + 300 mg L–1 BA 497.00 501.00 135.30 135.70 71.30 72.00 302.60 304.30
T6: 0.45 % HA + 300 mg L–1 BA 501.00 503.00 136.20 137.20 71.80 72.50 304.20 23.40
T7 : 0.30 % HA + 600 mg L–1 BA 511.00 514.00 138.20 138.70 75.70 76.40 316.40 318.30
T8 : 0.45 % HA + 600 mg L–1 BA 498.00 502.00 134.20 135.60 71.60 72.30 305.70 306.40
LSD (P≤ 0.05) 11.66 10.33 4.11 4.33 1.21 1.30 2.99 6.33
Table 15: Effect of foliar spray of humic acid (HA) and boron [as boric acid (BA)]
on some fruit physical characteristics of ‘Zebda’ mango
El- Hoseiny (2020)
Tanta, Egypt 45

51. Conclusion
From the ongoing discussion, it can be concluded that production and quality of fruits could be
improved through amino acid and humic substances.
• Tryptophane 100ppm decrease fruit cracking and increase fruit physical property in pomegranate
• Application of 2 ml L-1 seaweed extract + 0.5 ml L-1 amino acid increase vegetative growth in anna apple
• Foliar spraying of amino acids, bleed grape and seaweed extract decrease disease and total decay percent
in fig fruits
• Glutamic acid @ 400ppm improved fruit properties and quality of mango
• Amino acid @ 0.50 % gave maximum fruit retention and minimum fruit drop in peach
• Soil application of fulvic acid, micro-elements and microorganisms @ 83.33 ml/L increase yield traits of
Zaghloul datepalm
• Foliar spray of fulvic acid + Ca + Zn + B @ 4 liter, 0.4%, 250ppm, 20ppm, respectively was increased
yield and its components in apple
• Application of Chitosan + Salicylic acid + Fulvic acid (500ppm) increased yield traits in Thompson
seedless grapevines
• Fulvic acid (9 ml/liter/vine) + Mg (1%) + K (2%) increase vegetative growth in King Ruby grapevines
46

52. • Soil application of humic acid @ 0.50 % with foliar application @ 0.50 % improve quality parameter
in Florida Prince peach
• Soil application of humic acid @ 30 ml/tree increase vegetative growth and 20ml/tree increase available
N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn contents in soil of Egyptian lime
• Foliar application of humic acid @ 3 ml/L improved fruit quality in strawberry cv. Chandler
• Foliar spray of humic acid and micro power @ 80 ml increase growth and yield characters in citrus cv.
Kinnow mandarin
• Foliar spray of humic acid 0.45 % with boron 600 mg increase physical property of ‘Zebda’ mango
fruits
47
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