Maternal knowledge regarding vaccination in India was assessed. Key findings include:
- Over half of mothers were only aware of two vaccines - BCG and OPV. Knowledge of other vaccines was poor.
- The most commonly known advantage of vaccination reported by 56% of mothers was that their child would not become disabled.
- About 10% of mothers were not aware of any vaccination centers. Hospitals, Anganwadis and Balwadis were the most commonly known centers.
- Education level, source of knowledge like schools and health personnel, and mass campaigns influence maternal awareness, highlighting the need for improved immunization programs and health education outreach.
a) Bioassay: Prerequisites and development, errors in bioassay and how to overcome them. Statistical design of bioassay.
b) Principles of Microbiological Analysis (diffusion method) of the Following Drugs:
(i) Microbiological Assay: Antibiotics, vitamins, sulfa drugs
a) Bioassay: Prerequisites and development, errors in bioassay and how to overcome them. Statistical design of bioassay.
b) Principles of Microbiological Analysis (diffusion method) of the Following Drugs:
(i) Microbiological Assay: Antibiotics, vitamins, sulfa drugs
A look at the Central and Peripheral Nervous System. These notes were taken from my High School Anatomy & Physiology class and helped me a lot with my studies.
The MCA vide its notification dated 11th February, 2022 has notified Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2022 which shall come into force from 11th February 2022. In the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, after Rule 12 (1A) the following shall be inserted: “(1B) Every company covered under the provisions of sub-section (1) to section 135 shall furnish a report on Corporate Social Responsibility in Form CSR-2 to the Registrar for the preceding year (2020-2021) and onwards as an addendum to form AOC-4 or AOC-4 XBRL or AOC-4 NBFC (Ind AS), as the case may be: Provided that for the preceding year (2020-2021), Form CSR-2 shall be filed separately on or before 31st March, 2022, after filing form AOC-4 or AOC-4 XBRL or AOC-4 NBFC (Ind AS), as the case may be.”
বাঙ্গালী Dadaji Probach - Ditiov Uchchas 2 SankalokTruth Within
বাঙ্গালী Dadaji Probach - Ditiov Uchchas 2 Sankalok - (Dadaji's Words - Second Excitement) Collector: Dr Nani Lal Sen. "Every Door Itself Opened, Every Lamp Itself Lit"
c e <>
Hasic · ~
_ ,,est for the l Ji .. oric ,I
Ba l . 1e:1tt 'T Jt'
11 _} Rosn1 1
ES
Introduc ion
K\f re d'lM l MC lrnnd (f fi fY YCl"I . r1I - .,ft1J)fl1 of ri)e, pu :1nvc
i.-~:-,. chc-Ra~~, Shmt Tov . hA l'tNl
• nd, 1 ctd, chc I i~ 0ry of rel &fO'll- f.1:1-
impact jn both tbe $ rilu:'11 a d < ial
rta lms. 11 Ha~c:n~,n t u: 111)~ l ical (1 ,o~ Ln·a, 1t p art u{ onyd:sy tl10 io 111
K11 b 1111 h w,u u rnc Hlffl ;a tnal r.>r in t•n:. i ri;: ct1m m in n file mdi cr
cl o l t cnrourogil~ i :lciori. t"lp s Wll; ace 01t tb" need ro rf'.
I t tt to God tbrou ju ', i11~1cad u( bt L<ij:t ll un: a11d aJdrc,~i • LIL<' m·
J 1v 1dua
1
) ottd:s t t:tnte ii 1na1 .., c 1~01.u t1b1tcl1 • fo i lwt l, H ~ ••
rcaikd lJlll "!Uc SO.rl o( plcl1~111 that ;i p .u,tJ tb t u 11.l.Lll O of' d LC
m.1~<~ o ciu;r.e m E 1mp cim J~ y m th e n n~eer.tk~md e-1 y rwen. : erh
, ,mm ri" , J\ f«-,1 11 prriod o ' dccl n~., PlJ rkcri c,p ..-fall by hr. tm,:i, fa re
of nr t1.1aUy all Ha.sld "' , , u 11ll c d1.ui11~ tbl· Ho:! t~ t 1 Ha: iJwh a
pr-over, at h.a.s th.e powe r tu £1<.nun lt m modnn demu cn hc ,ioe1c . s.
To day we 4'C"e: .vitm:ssios m: rnen >us ro'Aih af t b "d ie ""rmlp., in ura d
:\m Nk,1, ntl f .uropc .
So da Jly , tb c Ha3id11111 dc V< ·c d to tkeu chansrutic lenders ,zuddJkim
or,1bb1".sJ, foun.:. l'l tr4!.tn~M r;rp,tn.ir~ tion 1u ,t1~f 1 tlyb -daecf m.1ny
Qt rh e ~ p, b ~lWctctn rhe cl e nnd t M r$n k 11n d le. Til ey fo'1116d d i •
rt ; . I yt r fll ri f y vol tnrtl .• °"" n-.un 1 • ei. \\, etc rh i ce, o c r«tn
of tlt'll\bt. >. -,oul> a.) o ,., Ctn, b1'"'i of so~ al jta< a.nd t co,w ,~,c
welfa r e woe ,u ,·e:niral to t he ,zuddJk'5 cow.:un n, wcre pr.t }1Cr .&r.d rit ·
u:aJ ob.sen·~nce.. •~ n 11; OWTI tin-~~ the mat1J..I nnd relif?l')11$ te.t dii ne~ a ~
l
za.-d ,~ 11 aud d Ha I ylt of w OG 1ip 1b 1b si ·us .u,d
,f.:l .mg nf:. > ~o $'nme d~e., rllc :tool ,. nd f)tim -c of II ut.a n
en Jewish religion i1mi Ge rt o1n in.:1u.enct' on « ruin ooa ·Je - h d r&-1. G,
well. Mot t"C>vcr, ,~ l id io ·s c boa or.id 11..r ,runmtd u. f~mt
at p t .t}'<t: Jtas btcll uduptc cl ct-A wotld ov~ stcreocypical emblem of
tr~cilooa. 1 Jc h if,..
l pro~, I t of I I I ovc lh3t Iii btt:1 0 C'J Ci> du: dt·
..-ellop10K1t o( mad!m Juchi sro, tbt Bu;,t (r:ir ooaut:011 E tebw.t · 11croo ·m
r>f h:.':,1 Sl1cll ~, c p ycd l twd l,u.w: lf) !i c u~ kc:t.11 11 t ~r ~1 .
1 rr, l'< ... ,.,~i ,..,, II J)I ti:~ II 111r, f~\ r , u • th t !I ) "' t IHI~ I e
Ba hr. is somthow to u.·uk.m nd fu.Jid:sm., .md 'l'i:1 it 111.'J, « moekm
cwis h t~ •ic,11 ,d t'J1~uc 1 t W, ltu a,·t lK t< the p,i.Umu o{
hlc ,u srecd rupar..siblt few~~ mw,cn:ie111~s eo ~ · and ,ns.mu.,10,u,.
ns ll n 11du.mbr .atioa of wh.1t wi1s to utlfold , or ..s il scartd.ard for mt11s...1r
i g 1 c b ier moverrum,-:'$ b~.11: of faith wi:b its foun der's nqhle in:cn
rh:.n 1
Bc,"God his«>r.;iim io n 10 Ha •idisni1 th ll ,h1 ·, pc~ ·,-.d as~ o
cl urtl:*t Ji&41<S. u , 1ht ltis.tory af ...
A look at the Central and Peripheral Nervous System. These notes were taken from my High School Anatomy & Physiology class and helped me a lot with my studies.
The MCA vide its notification dated 11th February, 2022 has notified Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2022 which shall come into force from 11th February 2022. In the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, after Rule 12 (1A) the following shall be inserted: “(1B) Every company covered under the provisions of sub-section (1) to section 135 shall furnish a report on Corporate Social Responsibility in Form CSR-2 to the Registrar for the preceding year (2020-2021) and onwards as an addendum to form AOC-4 or AOC-4 XBRL or AOC-4 NBFC (Ind AS), as the case may be: Provided that for the preceding year (2020-2021), Form CSR-2 shall be filed separately on or before 31st March, 2022, after filing form AOC-4 or AOC-4 XBRL or AOC-4 NBFC (Ind AS), as the case may be.”
বাঙ্গালী Dadaji Probach - Ditiov Uchchas 2 SankalokTruth Within
বাঙ্গালী Dadaji Probach - Ditiov Uchchas 2 Sankalok - (Dadaji's Words - Second Excitement) Collector: Dr Nani Lal Sen. "Every Door Itself Opened, Every Lamp Itself Lit"
c e <>
Hasic · ~
_ ,,est for the l Ji .. oric ,I
Ba l . 1e:1tt 'T Jt'
11 _} Rosn1 1
ES
Introduc ion
K\f re d'lM l MC lrnnd (f fi fY YCl"I . r1I - .,ft1J)fl1 of ri)e, pu :1nvc
i.-~:-,. chc-Ra~~, Shmt Tov . hA l'tNl
• nd, 1 ctd, chc I i~ 0ry of rel &fO'll- f.1:1-
impact jn both tbe $ rilu:'11 a d < ial
rta lms. 11 Ha~c:n~,n t u: 111)~ l ical (1 ,o~ Ln·a, 1t p art u{ onyd:sy tl10 io 111
K11 b 1111 h w,u u rnc Hlffl ;a tnal r.>r in t•n:. i ri;: ct1m m in n file mdi cr
cl o l t cnrourogil~ i :lciori. t"lp s Wll; ace 01t tb" need ro rf'.
I t tt to God tbrou ju ', i11~1cad u( bt L<ij:t ll un: a11d aJdrc,~i • LIL<' m·
J 1v 1dua
1
) ottd:s t t:tnte ii 1na1 .., c 1~01.u t1b1tcl1 • fo i lwt l, H ~ ••
rcaikd lJlll "!Uc SO.rl o( plcl1~111 that ;i p .u,tJ tb t u 11.l.Lll O of' d LC
m.1~<~ o ciu;r.e m E 1mp cim J~ y m th e n n~eer.tk~md e-1 y rwen. : erh
, ,mm ri" , J\ f«-,1 11 prriod o ' dccl n~., PlJ rkcri c,p ..-fall by hr. tm,:i, fa re
of nr t1.1aUy all Ha.sld "' , , u 11ll c d1.ui11~ tbl· Ho:! t~ t 1 Ha: iJwh a
pr-over, at h.a.s th.e powe r tu £1<.nun lt m modnn demu cn hc ,ioe1c . s.
To day we 4'C"e: .vitm:ssios m: rnen >us ro'Aih af t b "d ie ""rmlp., in ura d
:\m Nk,1, ntl f .uropc .
So da Jly , tb c Ha3id11111 dc V< ·c d to tkeu chansrutic lenders ,zuddJkim
or,1bb1".sJ, foun.:. l'l tr4!.tn~M r;rp,tn.ir~ tion 1u ,t1~f 1 tlyb -daecf m.1ny
Qt rh e ~ p, b ~lWctctn rhe cl e nnd t M r$n k 11n d le. Til ey fo'1116d d i •
rt ; . I yt r fll ri f y vol tnrtl .• °"" n-.un 1 • ei. \\, etc rh i ce, o c r«tn
of tlt'll\bt. >. -,oul> a.) o ,., Ctn, b1'"'i of so~ al jta< a.nd t co,w ,~,c
welfa r e woe ,u ,·e:niral to t he ,zuddJk'5 cow.:un n, wcre pr.t }1Cr .&r.d rit ·
u:aJ ob.sen·~nce.. •~ n 11; OWTI tin-~~ the mat1J..I nnd relif?l')11$ te.t dii ne~ a ~
l
za.-d ,~ 11 aud d Ha I ylt of w OG 1ip 1b 1b si ·us .u,d
,f.:l .mg nf:. > ~o $'nme d~e., rllc :tool ,. nd f)tim -c of II ut.a n
en Jewish religion i1mi Ge rt o1n in.:1u.enct' on « ruin ooa ·Je - h d r&-1. G,
well. Mot t"C>vcr, ,~ l id io ·s c boa or.id 11..r ,runmtd u. f~mt
at p t .t}'<t: Jtas btcll uduptc cl ct-A wotld ov~ stcreocypical emblem of
tr~cilooa. 1 Jc h if,..
l pro~, I t of I I I ovc lh3t Iii btt:1 0 C'J Ci> du: dt·
..-ellop10K1t o( mad!m Juchi sro, tbt Bu;,t (r:ir ooaut:011 E tebw.t · 11croo ·m
r>f h:.':,1 Sl1cll ~, c p ycd l twd l,u.w: lf) !i c u~ kc:t.11 11 t ~r ~1 .
1 rr, l'< ... ,.,~i ,..,, II J)I ti:~ II 111r, f~\ r , u • th t !I ) "' t IHI~ I e
Ba hr. is somthow to u.·uk.m nd fu.Jid:sm., .md 'l'i:1 it 111.'J, « moekm
cwis h t~ •ic,11 ,d t'J1~uc 1 t W, ltu a,·t lK t< the p,i.Umu o{
hlc ,u srecd rupar..siblt few~~ mw,cn:ie111~s eo ~ · and ,ns.mu.,10,u,.
ns ll n 11du.mbr .atioa of wh.1t wi1s to utlfold , or ..s il scartd.ard for mt11s...1r
i g 1 c b ier moverrum,-:'$ b~.11: of faith wi:b its foun der's nqhle in:cn
rh:.n 1
Bc,"God his«>r.;iim io n 10 Ha •idisni1 th ll ,h1 ·, pc~ ·,-.d as~ o
cl urtl:*t Ji&41<S. u , 1ht ltis.tory af ...
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Study of knowledge regarding Immunization at GMC Akola
1. 62 >!< INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH
.,.
r<essder.tial area -j!~!Jmbef !'!!
IIJrbdn 092~
Ruf.ll 1108 rS<n
Rclioiof· •
Hindu 10961481
r-Ali~litn 1054 llJl >
ijuddhi~t
1:~[~il
.
others :sna.. Chtistian) I
Sccoeconcmlc status
Above ...overtv line 100[2 !:>11 !Below vertv liOO 11.J.S f69' •
Litoru of mother •
l!litcrat-0 ,034 (17) •
SSC and belo·11 124'~ •
&l;g~ ,042 !Zll
Ace of mQ;hees
IP.~~ Il:!2n i~ ~·r~ 11<14 !5?!
25- 3S yrs f(l')O (45' •
fl..to;@ than 35 vrs I •
0ccuo<Jtion .of mOthers (
Hcuse:•Nila. 11'.!2 rMl •1Vo1kir'1(1 l<MS 1341
Results
Table 1 - SO(iocle-mographic d;t13 of motho" ~ c-
fant$ ·
V1~S conducted·;..1 ~dia:ricOl'D at ()MC Akola.. oaa c>-
teener, s-ertec from June 2Q1~ •/•/ith help of ~ ·~
ser-u semctured, pre-tested (1dt:St.ioof~:,tire~ mo!~ ...
'lntervieweri. lt1others those •1erc havit'lg_ in=a'lts af'Wj ~
verbal ~O:lSE:,f"li ·Nere included in $ludy. Those WOO ~ 1
"•d{<- excluded. Babies Of HIV p,osiliv;.> n1otbers.- e-e S?"'.
<•lis!y si<$( infants ·11ere excluded. Health .6ss~~l .,..H i- -..
oblc for the holp of 1nothttfs tc urtS'"1<1r que~ons - ;x;ai.
!~ogu2ge. Wotlte/S Ve(4!requested re reply a..' ~ -;po
k11-owl0091=t; Fur <lulu iH}iJl}"<>iS· appropriate -statisr.a.. e-e-o-
o.ch. v1ere uiec.
Material and Methods
Prl!St:?nt hospituJ based uoss~:wr.·li~nul Uu:.triplive ~lJdy
low mater~· literacy sod lq-.ovdedge ,e9e(din9 veccioes
end imirUJiz:ation schedule ·~r~ associated v1iih low i1nfnu-
nasnon covera9e )"··'i. t~lass carr1pzi9n; •ere ul"def!.iken-
rn recent years particularly for pulse pol!o lmmun!Uftlon.
braWba&s .of mass canipaigns like beliefs in "Society that
''acci11ation services v1ill be delivered at home, redt;JO:ng
rate of immunii:Stion cove<age t:l and ·red>Ji;ing e:P1 acdvi-
ti$S. fv1ate<nal h<t"&hh OOoc~tion is a key ·t.o success of l,llP
and uodors!andlog of so6ooultwJIbehavior required for
bett~r vcceinafion pr09r~11u·1¢ ~nC :1t1ategi~.s.{'>.it.l,Poof met·
ternel kno•u!Efd9'e likely to results in incon1pl~tP. i(funonim-
tlon coverage i'n ::hikJren!11-'11• So the context of present
st·.1cy wes Cone ·t.c dasess metemal kric.,.jedge of irr.mt;.1n·~
1rition, VA<£Jn"A~ used, v;ir.rintttinn (.eniP.r.<. and t1d•;;rr.agP.!i-
of vaccine, ·
lntroductl6n
Vaccina.tion covei:age In lod'a is f~;r from complete in spite
n-f the. fact that. Univer~al lm11.J1"1i::a!ion Programme (U{P~
s:arted i, f978 :1J. Natio-tel F.:=..mily Heahh SurYey 3(Nl-HS~
3) reported veccinencn ,~.,v~r.:13~ of 43.~% 1::_ The Unlce:
f.'O_•('r<i9i?' Fv:.lu(ltioo ~lll'.''~1 lnr ~~.'!r 7n.:)9 f.~O•Ne.ri -Mt
the coverage had improved tc 61% Ill. In bet>Nee-n 2009-
2013, 1hc1e was 1t.." incrcooo in covctago every yc;;.r, n(1I.
i)CCep~.abletor Ul(9~t o1 ILoll c0•1er.::i~~ by 2020. Mission In·
<l1fldl:iJ:)ush was tau·1'-i1eO l?}t tln,uu Heelth Mi;:Uf.lfy irl Dl!-1.·
2014 tc rncreese iruJ;luni2c-tion in p~rly pedorrning dis-
triersacross India througha nn.di uo campalgn to achieve
.a full co..,er.age by 2020 ~. Such a needed action Viii adc
burden to existing health system, Fer success cf UfP &
oetter coveeeqeto ;;chieve ~IC 'F1.11ly immu.ni1edch:ld) rate
el-eve 90%, stre:i9thet1ir,9 of health ~yste:n·1.prO'idin9 Irn-
--nunilationservices needed :SI.
Study of Maternal knowledge regarding
immunization at tertiary care center in maharashtra
Medical ScienceRES':ARCH PAPER
2. INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH II< 63
A supar1i~.ial Afluv.1edge of the- schedule <!(1d lac« uf rno-
lil/iltiun lor (:Q1·1pW-l•ng lhe scli~dula or UIP haU lad t:) ;,
lorge nurnoer of the auldren oe!n9 par:ially rmmuniz~d. A
con1pl€te program-roe of UIV ~hou!d :>e focused invoh:mg
locnl resources In a simple languag:i neaded for il better
cover:1;91:: Heal!h profes~cnak aod pol C'J makers ne>ed ro
imp!erne1t JIP In a better rna("!tlle.- 10 p!a.n and e>;.eo.n:e
the "'SEC" {!nf(lrri"lation1 EOuca:liOfl find Cornmun~tion )
initkiti)m. <!rJtTtpfi:.,tG- p-ogro~o,g of lll~ SN:>u!d b<t i"flc~.,red
1.hrough OOahh edt1ca1io11 .of t1'1others lc>r inqe;as1u9 fully
in1n'1Ufli.t<::d li"lildil!-n in o ctirnrr'lunity. lovolvtriion: ol .;.'cty
pd<:>sibli' ~our~ cf ini-cxn1~~on !or mothers - school, heol:h
pep;ouru,•l ,1ne.dil a:id falmlly. Is 1,..,pcrtant for be.tl9r p~r-
<'eplior;,
Conclusion
Av;i.lrtu1E:1s~ JJ11on9st. rnc;nhers .nte.rviewed aboJt 11au:ines
U-;;ed 1ri un1'er~I 11rm1..-niza1ion programme '111ar. ooor. Ma-
1orit1 of 1bern .,,,ere fl'+'rlff; of onl>r t•r•o v.,:;cines - ~CG and
()f'V. n My .cfli1d ····Illil'Ot 9e· di$abi;il)' ....,.(!~ ih~ Miiin 'id....an-
ta9,e k<l011n to morli~'!'.. M::iy !'>e :i mh.°i'& c~mpaigo o:·puls.e
pcf,o 1mm.Joi;;ation s responsible forthis ~nSl~r. tfosp-:r9!,
Ar.ganvn1cli arid l:Jal"'V.'ldi w~~e kJ•Ow•'I to ff"K>th~ as v&~i-
nafi()n r,er:n*'s.. Hr:~ U cdur.<ltiol') I$ ir''f'X>'(;jflt ror ~fl.h~nc-
in9 rnararn~I pe-rception and knovdodgo of Immunization.
l'l ou· .st>Jdy, Kho-NIP,dg~ Ahou:-<:fyotnrs "•herev,;cc'nntion
fac;.ltitie$ vle{e 3Va!!.abte V3S. ~OC•d. About 90% ot :.vr·(l"lcth
e.<1' (l•1ar-e <$: tl'I le::Jsl <>n~ Ct'fltrt..' ...,,her'°' 11ac<:inc~ a-re aivcn.
Si"'lilar fnd O!) ·.f:is t10l(>d by Murthy G V~t al (1989)1111 In
their-stvc!y.
25-% qi our rnothen. inte:ryie.v1fX:i "''ere no; awnre :of a
::ingle. <:1rl•<1ot-..l<)C of .)ny V!l(Cinl?l' usOO in UIP (>ut of 7!~¥.
rnothe~ •1.t;io ha0- cold advanrag-0 ol J, 'OCcine- , • my chiTd
•w,ll 11<>' 9(·t cli$.!lbil1ly" w..:iG lhC' l'nain 1~~t.!l¢ (S-6%) M<'n·
junath et al (2003V1:-.1 ·ri thei1 ·study ulso ncted "polio pm-
'/ertUun" V.•c;s ~.lie ,-1ost QftEifl kn9•.vn benej1t ro mothers
interviel/.•ed. M.~Y be pulse polio .:.amp.~·gn invo vi'lfl media.
ii:. (e~pon~ih!~:or rhi$"~!'IO•/edge-"
~Aary oi ocJr 1r.06;::rs (abo~Jl /./-2'~J were a.;;;re: of only
•3C:G ~.-.ci.nr;ol po1i-~, •,;r.r.i11~. KRowleclg<i for -n;lii:tr v;i•.c:ina~
!ffi~d rn VJP ..,•as ve(J poor -Stm1lar ;:>bservatfQnvias n9ted
by Manjunath et al (2003Y15l, Kn.:i·.~~d9~of ;10...a·nt,19e$,
Mmes of vaccino prC•ontabk• di&C.-1!.C•s and .y.:.hcdule of
o;.;ttCifl_9ti011 ,•,'3f:·1~f)' podr ill th~::.Wey 1.iv•'ll: .;# Pil<llli 1R;.-
j~s(htH'l M,M.Anga.di et e1I (2013)"fl.atso nentio'rHxJ sirr1l-
lo1 lu1:Jff'Q u1 U11apin s~udy. ii~.(~% o-: the 1esp°'1<lf'r:ib ~1
O~upot co1.1ld not e:en name one 'laccine prever.nibfedis-
ease.
Table 5- 2~% of ~'omenoould not te'I even a singJe...-advao-
fu~ of v;.ioc:.in.1t;ot1."l'1y &uld '"ill not gel disabiUty" 'as
ltoG rnost <:omOOJ) ans••'t1by l'!lotht;irt. ~56%~.
Advar.t.;~ Numb<>r (%)
No d<sabifoty (A) 11~ ($6)
Will not gf!t rii~a~~(B) 014 (07)
so1l··A •a 020 (10)
No ddv<1ftl~g~ 004 (07)
Not~"are 050 (l~)
Tabl• 5, Awaren&s.s of -advantage of vacdnes
T('bl!'! ~t- 10% o~ mothers were not eware- of a even u single
vacd~~~tioncenter.Hospital, Angar"1V1ad1 and balv1ad1 'Nere
rr.a.:~ cenlt?r$knc•Nnto motners.
v·~,5Fill£1~c:.r:centre- Number %)
Subc.en:re 13
HospluiJ ~"I IC, l~i I, ·Gt:1c, -
Pr1vcite· 'lOS01Lll:I)
90
Anq~n•1nos• Ualv1at;11 42
~chool u
Nol i'!v1ar.a 10
i;.1blQ 3 S"IOv•$ aoo 11 lv;o th:rd of morn had !lcn-:>vA~rlon of
onty two vaccioo SCG and OPV, OPT {36%i, HepatitW.a
f.21%) end me;;,"Sle1= (23%} wee kno"m to very fCw1rnotho:.•1:;,
18% ot V/Or'fl;!n· coulc net 0<.11n& a.sinqle vaccine,
vaccmes Number (%)
B(G 138 (69)
-
OPV 132 (66)
DPT 072 (36)
Hf;-p B 042 (2"1)
r'le.)s.les l).06•(<>)
N<>ov.·O;o 11;.oul ~ry one O'.l6(13)__
·-
I 't.:ble 2 .shows thut schccl u<lllLJlivu (31%) ..:nd h-'..:.:hh per
SO"'lflSI {30'%}v/cro rnain sooece oftnov.·ledg~ for mctbees.
_ <),JI cf 100 women 9% (38} v.~·e ha•fin9 no or very f~-.v
koQ1A'l.f!Qge about vacctnuticu,
Table lo Awqt'ene-s.1 about vaccines included in UIP
Sbu1'CQ oi knc>Niedge Numbers(%)
School 62 (31)
Hc-.'trfh pof$.(1nn~ 6C (30)
Fa;n:ly 36 (1S)
r..1<1di~ o~ (:;2;
N<: ~n<>•ul~dg~ about- .,..,ac:c:1ne·s. ,.38(19)
I
»...,····;.")I'"' ·~x·· ·.·.··..:~··.... .__,.-..1.--;- •. ,..... _;..,. • ·~ }."' • ·• • ..... -••,-, ·.·,.;.·.·.·.·,·.;.<:_.~.&:'"" ·: ...-..;~:.....~·:-")I'0<'.l;<,,.,,,.v :·!t.':·:Y:i:,,.,,,,,,.,.·:,::'-:~,-.,.,.. "~,,_., c•I~ - 1.z1:.,.~,,..·.··6f'i"''s1«<i<:o·••~"'-s· ·
;.~~x*-7~·--::-~-·.;.;.;.:.:..;.;.:..:;.•· -:-:- ·-;.-~..~(-· !'.'3-.;..,'!I. - ~~''-'".-·-· ••-;.z:~~,.,;-.-.J.-!{.~,,."1~ ·"=S?~'-.U!--
table 1 shews ttia;. 46% r1c1h~r{; ....ere il}}:~ing in 1.1tb~n Discussion
and rerna<nirv::i 54% were rfl'.'lffa rural ·"'"~ Aajorityc! moth- Arror<i"rJ I<> NFHS :s. nnf)! 44(.1'; o~ (!iildr~ in 1 -/ )'~·"''
ees t.:~!m'.~ed tc H·rtd!J 1Ch:;JIOll (48%) lol!Cw('C by tJL1&llMS zge grv1,,p had fe(C!v~d b.;1su.: 1ffll...1un12at..on whi~l'l rs mJ<li
(?1'.'k',),r..lo~t rri the women 69% (138) z.rlent:hn9 OPD were ;<.;.~:;-:; thur ocl)ic·vn9 .85% .:ove1a:~e )Y Schoo cduccticn
hl"ll:->r>!J to H1>1 socio-erorsocmc ~roup. 62% tem.ales were {31. %) O:l)d health oersonnel (30%) W'I:? "r<:J/.Jf sccrces
s~tldie-ct up to or ess ';han ~P.:{lior secondary eCucationa~ oj kr1•.)wt~tJge ~or o~r mothers. Singh et .al {1994)1'' else
tc-cl. fv1~.xi·1tv1n·ft/~JS oi ..vcmen S2% (lt'l-1) W(He be· 'lf£-ntoned !ieahh worker a5 a '"r.,'t1or source o{ nfosme-
rcnf:)~ to oge grooo belov1 26 yea·rr.. r~ost of mothe~ 'l•er~ non in ::tnoth?.r !iot1,.1d)'. ANt.., a.nd oafci:nedic:/11wc-kers were-
I
hcusewves (6'6%), the major .$01lf'tt<! of ir,-fnr"1"1al·io1·1ae.<:oriJi"lg lo Bholana~h
et al (200S)IHI (.:lS% Sl%), fvl.M.Ari_g.-idi ot .31 (20131141 11
I
Table 2..so.urcoof knowled9e· e stc,Jd>J at Bjepur K;:.o~t1l~J<.,a Hcnt;Or'i~d l<'.1n) ly mcmbess
i42 B~) ar)d bcehh ~crsonnel (5-1.6%) es '7!e m<>JOr scorce
c/ink~rTJ1a:i·cr1 l"t).
RESEARCH PAPER