SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Problem Solving
Structure
involve defining the boundaries
of the problem and then
breaking it down into its
component elements
NAME OR LOGO
Problem-solving
strategies
Problem solving consists of using generic or
ad hoc methods in an orderly manner to
find solutions to problems.
Problem-solving strategies are the steps
that one would use to find the problems
that are in the way to getting to one's own
goal.
Problem Solving
The term problem solving means slightly
different things depending on the discipline.
2
NAME OR LOGO
Structured Problem-Solving Process
Describe
Describe every selected
problem
Identify
Identify potential causes.
Collect, organize, and
analyze existing data
Evaluate
Compare causes to the
fact.
Collect additional data to
identify root cause
Solve
Determine corrective
action
Control
Validate, Implement and
standardize solution
3
NAME OR LOGO
Describe the problem
Describe every selected problem
4
NAME OR LOGO
Describe Problem
Solving problems is a common activity in every
business. In some areas, such as Quality, it
receives special treatment with root cause
identification methods and corrective actions.
Input / Output
Diagram
Timeline
5
Problem Definition Is/ Is Not Diagram Process Flow
NAME OR LOGO
Identify
Identify Potential Causes and collect, organize
and analyze existing data
6
NAME OR LOGO
Identify
There can be many different causes for a single
problem, but with appropriate information
gathering, it is possible to eliminate many of
them. When looking for a probable cause, it is
often best to look at the easiest solution first and
then work from there.
Cause and Effect
Diagram
(6M)
Distinctions and
Change
Failure and Effect
Analysis
7
- Potential Causes
NAME OR LOGO
Identify
There can be many different causes for a single
problem on a network, but with appropriate
information gathering, it is possible to eliminate
many of them. When looking for a probable
cause, it is often best to look at the easiest
solution first and then work from there.
Process Control Chart PARETO Analysis Scatter Diagram
8
- collect, organize and analyze existing
data
Check sheet Multi-Vari Chart Capability Study
NAME OR LOGO
Evaluate
Compare causes to the fact.
Collect additional data to identify root cause
9
NAME OR LOGO
Evaluate
Exceeds Expectations Phrases Evaluates all
possible solutions and chooses the one that will
deliver the best results.
Physical contradictions
involve those situations in
which we desire different
properties of a certain
parameter.
Technical Contradictions
Often problem statements
are vague, perhaps mixing
technology, economic and
schedule issues.
10
Contradictions Matrix
- Compare causes to the fact.
NAME OR LOGO
Evaluate
identifying root causes is to construct a root
cause tree. Connect them in a
logical cause and effect order until arriving at
the root of the problem.
11
- Collect additional data to identify
root cause.
Statistical
Comparisons
Characterization
Experiments
Component Swapping
Study
Analysis on Means
NAME OR LOGO
Solve
Determine Corrective Action
12
NAME OR LOGO
Solve
Corrective action is an aspect of quality
management that aims to rectify a task, process,
product, or even a person's behavior when any
of these factors produce errors or have deviated
from an intended plan. 13
Corrective Action Plan Error Proofing
NAME OR LOGO
Control
Determine Corrective Action
14
NAME OR LOGO
Control
control mechanisms, theories dealing with
stimulus- response-feedback types
of problems emphasize hypothesis testing
because the control mechanism available to
subjects, feedback, is assumed by the theory to
operate on hypotheses and these represent the
"core" of the problem solving process
Capability Study
Implementation Plan
Process Control Chart
15
NAME OR LOGO
Finding the right problems
to solve,
and
Focusing on opportunities
created by the “problem”.
Summary
problem solving steps provide a short outline of a
process to help you solve problems effectively
16
Thank
You
Parman Ambo
+60 13 XXX 8448
Parman.ambo@gmail.com

More Related Content

What's hot

Problem Solving and Decision Making Tools and Techniques
Problem Solving and Decision Making Tools and TechniquesProblem Solving and Decision Making Tools and Techniques
Problem Solving and Decision Making Tools and Techniques
Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
Facilitation Fundamentals
Facilitation FundamentalsFacilitation Fundamentals
Facilitation Fundamentals
Line of Sight
 
Problem solving skills
Problem solving skillsProblem solving skills
Problem solving skills
Vasudevan BK
 
Root cause analysis training
Root cause analysis trainingRoot cause analysis training
Root cause analysis training
VISCAR INDUSTRIAL CAPACITY
 
5 Why Training Slides Oct 14, 2009
5 Why Training Slides Oct 14, 20095 Why Training Slides Oct 14, 2009
5 Why Training Slides Oct 14, 2009
ExerciseLeanLLC
 
Problem solving technique , strategies
Problem solving technique , strategiesProblem solving technique , strategies
Problem solving technique , strategies
Hussein Kareem
 
Root cause analysis
Root cause analysisRoot cause analysis
Root cause analysis
Ronald Bartels
 
Problem solving techniques
Problem solving techniquesProblem solving techniques
Problem solving techniques
Nicky Janmeda
 
Toyotas 8 Steps To Problem Solving
Toyotas 8 Steps To Problem SolvingToyotas 8 Steps To Problem Solving
Toyotas 8 Steps To Problem Solving
Creative Safety Supply
 
8D Problem Solving Poster
8D Problem Solving Poster8D Problem Solving Poster
8D Problem Solving Poster
Operational Excellence Consulting
 
Theoretical & framework
Theoretical & frameworkTheoretical & framework
Problem solving & decision making
Problem solving & decision makingProblem solving & decision making
Problem solving & decision making
Ajith S
 
Problem solving
Problem solvingProblem solving
Problem solving
Rob Graham
 
Focus group discussion (FGD)
Focus group discussion (FGD)Focus group discussion (FGD)
Focus group discussion (FGD)
Pankaj Vishwakarma
 
Problem Solving Techniques - LEAN
Problem Solving Techniques - LEANProblem Solving Techniques - LEAN
Problem Solving Techniques - LEAN
Swamy Gelli V S Ch
 
Problem Solving - Concepts and Approach for Systems and Strategies
Problem Solving - Concepts and Approach for Systems and StrategiesProblem Solving - Concepts and Approach for Systems and Strategies
Problem Solving - Concepts and Approach for Systems and Strategies
Axel Vanhooren
 
Problem solving in work place
Problem solving in work placeProblem solving in work place
Problem solving in work place
Kujur Mamta
 
Decision making- concept,types,process,techniques and principles
Decision making- concept,types,process,techniques and principlesDecision making- concept,types,process,techniques and principles
Decision making- concept,types,process,techniques and principles
Rupali sharma
 
Presentation On G8D
Presentation On G8DPresentation On G8D
Presentation On G8D
RRChandran
 
8D Training, Eight Disciplines Training : Tonex Training
8D Training, Eight Disciplines Training : Tonex Training8D Training, Eight Disciplines Training : Tonex Training
8D Training, Eight Disciplines Training : Tonex Training
Bryan Len
 

What's hot (20)

Problem Solving and Decision Making Tools and Techniques
Problem Solving and Decision Making Tools and TechniquesProblem Solving and Decision Making Tools and Techniques
Problem Solving and Decision Making Tools and Techniques
 
Facilitation Fundamentals
Facilitation FundamentalsFacilitation Fundamentals
Facilitation Fundamentals
 
Problem solving skills
Problem solving skillsProblem solving skills
Problem solving skills
 
Root cause analysis training
Root cause analysis trainingRoot cause analysis training
Root cause analysis training
 
5 Why Training Slides Oct 14, 2009
5 Why Training Slides Oct 14, 20095 Why Training Slides Oct 14, 2009
5 Why Training Slides Oct 14, 2009
 
Problem solving technique , strategies
Problem solving technique , strategiesProblem solving technique , strategies
Problem solving technique , strategies
 
Root cause analysis
Root cause analysisRoot cause analysis
Root cause analysis
 
Problem solving techniques
Problem solving techniquesProblem solving techniques
Problem solving techniques
 
Toyotas 8 Steps To Problem Solving
Toyotas 8 Steps To Problem SolvingToyotas 8 Steps To Problem Solving
Toyotas 8 Steps To Problem Solving
 
8D Problem Solving Poster
8D Problem Solving Poster8D Problem Solving Poster
8D Problem Solving Poster
 
Theoretical & framework
Theoretical & frameworkTheoretical & framework
Theoretical & framework
 
Problem solving & decision making
Problem solving & decision makingProblem solving & decision making
Problem solving & decision making
 
Problem solving
Problem solvingProblem solving
Problem solving
 
Focus group discussion (FGD)
Focus group discussion (FGD)Focus group discussion (FGD)
Focus group discussion (FGD)
 
Problem Solving Techniques - LEAN
Problem Solving Techniques - LEANProblem Solving Techniques - LEAN
Problem Solving Techniques - LEAN
 
Problem Solving - Concepts and Approach for Systems and Strategies
Problem Solving - Concepts and Approach for Systems and StrategiesProblem Solving - Concepts and Approach for Systems and Strategies
Problem Solving - Concepts and Approach for Systems and Strategies
 
Problem solving in work place
Problem solving in work placeProblem solving in work place
Problem solving in work place
 
Decision making- concept,types,process,techniques and principles
Decision making- concept,types,process,techniques and principlesDecision making- concept,types,process,techniques and principles
Decision making- concept,types,process,techniques and principles
 
Presentation On G8D
Presentation On G8DPresentation On G8D
Presentation On G8D
 
8D Training, Eight Disciplines Training : Tonex Training
8D Training, Eight Disciplines Training : Tonex Training8D Training, Eight Disciplines Training : Tonex Training
8D Training, Eight Disciplines Training : Tonex Training
 

Similar to Structured problem solving process

Root Cause Analysis
Root Cause AnalysisRoot Cause Analysis
Root Cause Analysis
Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
APPLYING DMAIC TO PROCESS IMPROVEMENT’S.
APPLYING DMAIC TO PROCESS IMPROVEMENT’S. APPLYING DMAIC TO PROCESS IMPROVEMENT’S.
APPLYING DMAIC TO PROCESS IMPROVEMENT’S.
Kaustav Lahiri
 
Fishbone analysis
Fishbone analysisFishbone analysis
Fishbone analysis
Jo Balucanag - Bitonio
 
IBD BI MC Business Analysis Tools And Tasks
IBD BI MC Business Analysis Tools And TasksIBD BI MC Business Analysis Tools And Tasks
IBD BI MC Business Analysis Tools And Tasks
busdeve
 
Structured approach to problem solving
Structured approach to problem solvingStructured approach to problem solving
Structured approach to problem solving
LineView Academy (was OFX Academy)
 
8 D – Problem Solving Process
8 D – Problem Solving Process8 D – Problem Solving Process
8 D – Problem Solving Process
Anand Subramaniam
 
Understand dmaic
Understand dmaicUnderstand dmaic
Understand dmaic
Ajit Kumar
 
Session 10: Business Work Improvement Course (Problem Analysis and Generating...
Session 10: Business Work Improvement Course (Problem Analysis and Generating...Session 10: Business Work Improvement Course (Problem Analysis and Generating...
Session 10: Business Work Improvement Course (Problem Analysis and Generating...
Lym Relampagos Ongoy
 
6.1 presentation 606
6.1 presentation 6066.1 presentation 606
6.1 presentation 606
Scott Bohlin
 
Escape Analysis Paralysis
Escape Analysis ParalysisEscape Analysis Paralysis
Escape Analysis Paralysis
cssa
 
Process development and implementation
Process development and implementationProcess development and implementation
Process development and implementation
Driscoll Organizational Solutions, LLC
 
Operating Excellence is built on Corrective & Preventive Actions
Operating Excellence is built on Corrective & Preventive ActionsOperating Excellence is built on Corrective & Preventive Actions
Operating Excellence is built on Corrective & Preventive Actions
Atanu Dhar
 
Root Cause Analysis Presentation
Root Cause Analysis PresentationRoot Cause Analysis Presentation
Rootcauseanalysispresentation 090728111941 Phpapp01
Rootcauseanalysispresentation 090728111941 Phpapp01Rootcauseanalysispresentation 090728111941 Phpapp01
Rootcauseanalysispresentation 090728111941 Phpapp01
Rahul Kushwaha
 
Ppt strategic-control
Ppt strategic-controlPpt strategic-control
Ppt strategic-control
Alo Lacsamana
 
Problem solving use a fishbone diagram
Problem solving use a fishbone diagramProblem solving use a fishbone diagram
Problem solving use a fishbone diagram
JohnRicoPanjaitan
 
Chapter 7 Management Concultancy by Cabrera
Chapter 7 Management Concultancy by CabreraChapter 7 Management Concultancy by Cabrera
Chapter 7 Management Concultancy by Cabrera
Kriza Matro
 
Business analytics
Business analyticsBusiness analytics
Business analytics
materials4study1
 
Profolio
ProfolioProfolio
Profolio
VanWert
 
Seven Advanced Tools of Quality (Seven Advanced QC Tools)
Seven Advanced Tools of Quality (Seven Advanced QC Tools)Seven Advanced Tools of Quality (Seven Advanced QC Tools)
Seven Advanced Tools of Quality (Seven Advanced QC Tools)
Operational Excellence Consulting
 

Similar to Structured problem solving process (20)

Root Cause Analysis
Root Cause AnalysisRoot Cause Analysis
Root Cause Analysis
 
APPLYING DMAIC TO PROCESS IMPROVEMENT’S.
APPLYING DMAIC TO PROCESS IMPROVEMENT’S. APPLYING DMAIC TO PROCESS IMPROVEMENT’S.
APPLYING DMAIC TO PROCESS IMPROVEMENT’S.
 
Fishbone analysis
Fishbone analysisFishbone analysis
Fishbone analysis
 
IBD BI MC Business Analysis Tools And Tasks
IBD BI MC Business Analysis Tools And TasksIBD BI MC Business Analysis Tools And Tasks
IBD BI MC Business Analysis Tools And Tasks
 
Structured approach to problem solving
Structured approach to problem solvingStructured approach to problem solving
Structured approach to problem solving
 
8 D – Problem Solving Process
8 D – Problem Solving Process8 D – Problem Solving Process
8 D – Problem Solving Process
 
Understand dmaic
Understand dmaicUnderstand dmaic
Understand dmaic
 
Session 10: Business Work Improvement Course (Problem Analysis and Generating...
Session 10: Business Work Improvement Course (Problem Analysis and Generating...Session 10: Business Work Improvement Course (Problem Analysis and Generating...
Session 10: Business Work Improvement Course (Problem Analysis and Generating...
 
6.1 presentation 606
6.1 presentation 6066.1 presentation 606
6.1 presentation 606
 
Escape Analysis Paralysis
Escape Analysis ParalysisEscape Analysis Paralysis
Escape Analysis Paralysis
 
Process development and implementation
Process development and implementationProcess development and implementation
Process development and implementation
 
Operating Excellence is built on Corrective & Preventive Actions
Operating Excellence is built on Corrective & Preventive ActionsOperating Excellence is built on Corrective & Preventive Actions
Operating Excellence is built on Corrective & Preventive Actions
 
Root Cause Analysis Presentation
Root Cause Analysis PresentationRoot Cause Analysis Presentation
Root Cause Analysis Presentation
 
Rootcauseanalysispresentation 090728111941 Phpapp01
Rootcauseanalysispresentation 090728111941 Phpapp01Rootcauseanalysispresentation 090728111941 Phpapp01
Rootcauseanalysispresentation 090728111941 Phpapp01
 
Ppt strategic-control
Ppt strategic-controlPpt strategic-control
Ppt strategic-control
 
Problem solving use a fishbone diagram
Problem solving use a fishbone diagramProblem solving use a fishbone diagram
Problem solving use a fishbone diagram
 
Chapter 7 Management Concultancy by Cabrera
Chapter 7 Management Concultancy by CabreraChapter 7 Management Concultancy by Cabrera
Chapter 7 Management Concultancy by Cabrera
 
Business analytics
Business analyticsBusiness analytics
Business analytics
 
Profolio
ProfolioProfolio
Profolio
 
Seven Advanced Tools of Quality (Seven Advanced QC Tools)
Seven Advanced Tools of Quality (Seven Advanced QC Tools)Seven Advanced Tools of Quality (Seven Advanced QC Tools)
Seven Advanced Tools of Quality (Seven Advanced QC Tools)
 

Recently uploaded

7 Habits of Highly Effective People.pptx
7 Habits of Highly Effective People.pptx7 Habits of Highly Effective People.pptx
7 Habits of Highly Effective People.pptx
gpangilinan2017
 
Aggression - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Aggression - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesAggression - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Aggression - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
PsychoTech Services
 
1-CIE-IGCSE-Additional-Mathematics-Topical-Past-Paper-Functions.pdf
1-CIE-IGCSE-Additional-Mathematics-Topical-Past-Paper-Functions.pdf1-CIE-IGCSE-Additional-Mathematics-Topical-Past-Paper-Functions.pdf
1-CIE-IGCSE-Additional-Mathematics-Topical-Past-Paper-Functions.pdf
shahul62
 
一比一原版(mizzou毕业证书)美国密苏里大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(mizzou毕业证书)美国密苏里大学毕业证如何办理一比一原版(mizzou毕业证书)美国密苏里大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(mizzou毕业证书)美国密苏里大学毕业证如何办理
ghyke
 
Stealth attraction for mens gets her with your words
Stealth attraction for mens gets her with your wordsStealth attraction for mens gets her with your words
Stealth attraction for mens gets her with your words
ichettrisagar95
 
Understanding of Self - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Understanding of Self - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesUnderstanding of Self - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Understanding of Self - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
PsychoTech Services
 
ProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
ProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
ProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
PsychoTech Services
 
Personal Growth Unleashed: Key Strategies from Tim Han’s LMA Course
Personal Growth Unleashed: Key Strategies from Tim Han’s LMA CoursePersonal Growth Unleashed: Key Strategies from Tim Han’s LMA Course
Personal Growth Unleashed: Key Strategies from Tim Han’s LMA Course
Tim Han Success Insider
 
Assignment 1 (Introductions to Microsoft Power point 2019) kiran.pptx
Assignment 1 (Introductions to Microsoft Power point 2019) kiran.pptxAssignment 1 (Introductions to Microsoft Power point 2019) kiran.pptx
Assignment 1 (Introductions to Microsoft Power point 2019) kiran.pptx
kirannaveed6
 

Recently uploaded (9)

7 Habits of Highly Effective People.pptx
7 Habits of Highly Effective People.pptx7 Habits of Highly Effective People.pptx
7 Habits of Highly Effective People.pptx
 
Aggression - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Aggression - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesAggression - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Aggression - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
 
1-CIE-IGCSE-Additional-Mathematics-Topical-Past-Paper-Functions.pdf
1-CIE-IGCSE-Additional-Mathematics-Topical-Past-Paper-Functions.pdf1-CIE-IGCSE-Additional-Mathematics-Topical-Past-Paper-Functions.pdf
1-CIE-IGCSE-Additional-Mathematics-Topical-Past-Paper-Functions.pdf
 
一比一原版(mizzou毕业证书)美国密苏里大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(mizzou毕业证书)美国密苏里大学毕业证如何办理一比一原版(mizzou毕业证书)美国密苏里大学毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(mizzou毕业证书)美国密苏里大学毕业证如何办理
 
Stealth attraction for mens gets her with your words
Stealth attraction for mens gets her with your wordsStealth attraction for mens gets her with your words
Stealth attraction for mens gets her with your words
 
Understanding of Self - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Understanding of Self - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesUnderstanding of Self - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Understanding of Self - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
 
ProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
ProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
ProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
 
Personal Growth Unleashed: Key Strategies from Tim Han’s LMA Course
Personal Growth Unleashed: Key Strategies from Tim Han’s LMA CoursePersonal Growth Unleashed: Key Strategies from Tim Han’s LMA Course
Personal Growth Unleashed: Key Strategies from Tim Han’s LMA Course
 
Assignment 1 (Introductions to Microsoft Power point 2019) kiran.pptx
Assignment 1 (Introductions to Microsoft Power point 2019) kiran.pptxAssignment 1 (Introductions to Microsoft Power point 2019) kiran.pptx
Assignment 1 (Introductions to Microsoft Power point 2019) kiran.pptx
 

Structured problem solving process

  • 1. Problem Solving Structure involve defining the boundaries of the problem and then breaking it down into its component elements
  • 2. NAME OR LOGO Problem-solving strategies Problem solving consists of using generic or ad hoc methods in an orderly manner to find solutions to problems. Problem-solving strategies are the steps that one would use to find the problems that are in the way to getting to one's own goal. Problem Solving The term problem solving means slightly different things depending on the discipline. 2
  • 3. NAME OR LOGO Structured Problem-Solving Process Describe Describe every selected problem Identify Identify potential causes. Collect, organize, and analyze existing data Evaluate Compare causes to the fact. Collect additional data to identify root cause Solve Determine corrective action Control Validate, Implement and standardize solution 3
  • 4. NAME OR LOGO Describe the problem Describe every selected problem 4
  • 5. NAME OR LOGO Describe Problem Solving problems is a common activity in every business. In some areas, such as Quality, it receives special treatment with root cause identification methods and corrective actions. Input / Output Diagram Timeline 5 Problem Definition Is/ Is Not Diagram Process Flow
  • 6. NAME OR LOGO Identify Identify Potential Causes and collect, organize and analyze existing data 6
  • 7. NAME OR LOGO Identify There can be many different causes for a single problem, but with appropriate information gathering, it is possible to eliminate many of them. When looking for a probable cause, it is often best to look at the easiest solution first and then work from there. Cause and Effect Diagram (6M) Distinctions and Change Failure and Effect Analysis 7 - Potential Causes
  • 8. NAME OR LOGO Identify There can be many different causes for a single problem on a network, but with appropriate information gathering, it is possible to eliminate many of them. When looking for a probable cause, it is often best to look at the easiest solution first and then work from there. Process Control Chart PARETO Analysis Scatter Diagram 8 - collect, organize and analyze existing data Check sheet Multi-Vari Chart Capability Study
  • 9. NAME OR LOGO Evaluate Compare causes to the fact. Collect additional data to identify root cause 9
  • 10. NAME OR LOGO Evaluate Exceeds Expectations Phrases Evaluates all possible solutions and chooses the one that will deliver the best results. Physical contradictions involve those situations in which we desire different properties of a certain parameter. Technical Contradictions Often problem statements are vague, perhaps mixing technology, economic and schedule issues. 10 Contradictions Matrix - Compare causes to the fact.
  • 11. NAME OR LOGO Evaluate identifying root causes is to construct a root cause tree. Connect them in a logical cause and effect order until arriving at the root of the problem. 11 - Collect additional data to identify root cause. Statistical Comparisons Characterization Experiments Component Swapping Study Analysis on Means
  • 12. NAME OR LOGO Solve Determine Corrective Action 12
  • 13. NAME OR LOGO Solve Corrective action is an aspect of quality management that aims to rectify a task, process, product, or even a person's behavior when any of these factors produce errors or have deviated from an intended plan. 13 Corrective Action Plan Error Proofing
  • 14. NAME OR LOGO Control Determine Corrective Action 14
  • 15. NAME OR LOGO Control control mechanisms, theories dealing with stimulus- response-feedback types of problems emphasize hypothesis testing because the control mechanism available to subjects, feedback, is assumed by the theory to operate on hypotheses and these represent the "core" of the problem solving process Capability Study Implementation Plan Process Control Chart 15
  • 16. NAME OR LOGO Finding the right problems to solve, and Focusing on opportunities created by the “problem”. Summary problem solving steps provide a short outline of a process to help you solve problems effectively 16
  • 17. Thank You Parman Ambo +60 13 XXX 8448 Parman.ambo@gmail.com