2. Structural learning is an
instructional theory
outlined by Joseph
Scandura in the 1970s
that focuses on the
organization of
information in
meaningful patterns and
structures
3. THE CONCEPT OF STRUCTURAL
LEARNING
Structural learning is a cognitive
strategy that emphasizes the
importance of detecting and
recognizing the structures of any given
piece of information.
4. HIGHER-ORDER AND LOWER-ORDER
RULES
Lower-order rules are the most basic elements
one needs to learn from a specific domain.
Higher-order rules encompass lower-order rules,
as they essentially explain the relationship
between the lower-order rules that form them.
5. THE PARAMETERS OF DOMAIN,
PROCEDURE, AND RANGE
Both lower-order and higher-order rules are
determined by domain,procedure,and range.These
parameters determine the ways a problem will be
structured and, eventually, solved.
▪Domain
▪Procedure
▪Range
6. INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
▪Inputs are the stimuli or information an
individual receives from their
environment.
▪Outputs refer to the actions a person
responds with when they receive input.
8. Implementing the structural analysis method
requires the following steps:
1. Outline a representative sample of problems,
identifying problem domain inputs and outputs.
2. Explain each problem with a set of solution rules.
3. Convert each solution rule into a higher-order
problem.
4. Create new higher-order rules for every solution.
5. Eliminate redundant rules and repeat the process
until simple solution rules are created.
9. THE PRINCIPLES
The intention of the structural learning
model and structural analysis as a
methodology is to help learners discover
the path to solving complex problems by
first teaching them the path toward simple
solutions. Scandura has singled out three
principles in his analysis:
10. 1.Teaching higher-order rules that can devise
lower-order rules should be done whenever
possible.
2.The most straightforward solution path should
be taught first; teaching more complex paths or
rules comes afterward.
3.To be truly efficient in applying the theory,
learners’ minimum capabilities should define
the rules.
11. APPLYING THE STRUCTURAL LEARNING
MODEL
Through its systemized approach to
problem solving,the structural learning
model has been largely applied in
mathematics.
