This document outlines a proposed research study on the determinants of sexual behaviors and their consequences among female adolescent sex workers in Tamil Nadu, India. The study aims to understand the social, cultural, and ideological contexts that shape the sexuality of these girls. It will document their knowledge, attitudes, and sexual activities, as well as the determinants and health risks. The research gaps this study addresses and its objectives are described. The conceptual framework, sample selection in 3 districts, data collection through interviews, and 12-month timeline are also summarized.

2. RESEARCH TITLE
“DETERMINANTS OF SEXUAL
BEHAVIOURS
AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES
AMONG FEMALE ADOLESCENT
SEX WORKERS
IN TAMILNADU, INDIA”

3. INTRODUCTION AND
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Adolescents is the transitional period between child
hood to adult between the ages of 10-19 years.
Sexual exposure is occurring at ages as young as 9–12
years
Adolescent girls face two to five times the risk of
maternal mortality, unwanted pregnancies often end in
abortion. It is greater risk to adolescents than for older
women.
Adolescents also are often experience forced sexual
intercourse, sexual abuse and coercion increased risk
of contracting HIV/AIDS,
In some cultures young men are expected to have their
first sexual encounter with a prostitute.

4. • High proportion of females compared to males had less or no
knowledge about sex-related concepts.
• The awareness of STDs and AIDS, consequences of unprotected
sex, is vague.
• TV, films, western TV programme, pornographic materials and
Internet are main sources of sexual related information of
adolescents.
• Males are more likely to engage in pre-marital sex, than females,
“virginity is girls most valuable possession”
• Myths are common likewise, “women cannot become pregnant at
first intercourse”, “condom are not that safe”, “STI symptoms go
away on their own”, “women are responsible for transmitting
STIs/HIV,
• Knowledge about sex and attitudes towards pre-marital sex play a
crucial role in influencing their level of sexual behaviour,

5. • Majority of the studies on sexuality and sexual behaviour
among adolescents and young boys in India were conducted
among school and college students, many with mailed or
handed questionnaires.
• Only few studies were conducted among special groups like
slum dwellers, workers in cities, Towns, Factory workers
• Determinants of sexual behaviour and about the patterns of
sexual behaviour among young girls comparative basis is
also scarce. Information is also scarce about women specific
attitudes and standards about pre-marital and sexuality and
their effects on sexual behaviour.

6. CONTINUE
In view of these research gaps, the present study aims to focus on
female adolescent sex worker in the age group 15-19 years, the
study tried to understand the social, cultural and ideological
contexts within which the female adolescent sex worker explored
and experienced sexuality. It looked at the various constructions
of sexuality that the female adolescent sex worker encounter,
negotiate, and reshape. The study aimed to systematically
document information about knowledge, attitudes, and pre-
marital sexual activities and thereby, determinants and
consequences of the sexual behaviour of female adolescent sex
workers. This would help to indicate immediate and future risks.
Such an effort would bridge the gap in research and information
and contribute towards an understanding of issues related to
female adolescent sexuality.

7.  To study the demographic and socio-economic
characteristics of female adolescent sex
workers.
 To understand the factors responsible for
adolescent girls to become as sex workers.
 To examine the reproductive health status of
female adolescents sex workers.
 To suggest various measures to arrest the
problems and to improve the welfare of the
female adolescents.
OBJECTIVES

8. Conceptual Frame work study on determinants of Sexual Behaviour and their
consequences among Female Adolescent sex workers in Tamil Nadu

9. Chennai, Madurai and Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu
Three district will be selected based on “District
HIV/AIDS Epidemiological Profiles: Tamil Nadu”,
(NACCO, 2014). Among three district “highest
concentration of Female Sex Workers” (Chennai 14,147,
Madurai 7,887; Kanyakumari 3112)

10. SAMPLE
Following procedure will apply to Sample selection.
Step 1: Try to get help from Tamil Nadu State AIDS Control
Society, Chennai.
Step 2: Contact the NGO’s among the study area which are given
services to the Sex Workers under the programme of
TNSACS or other programme.
Step 3: will select the 15-19 years age group female adolescents sex
workers from the NGOs beneficiaries list.
Step 4: And the total number of sampling will be finalized based on
the availability of the sex workers.

11. DATA
Interview guidelines for the in-depth interviews:
• Socio-economic characteristics of female adolescent sex
workers
• Peer group background, time spent on leisure activities and
religious attitudes and Exposure to mass media
• Information needs and source of information on sexual needs
• Knowledge about reproductive physiology, sexuality and myths,
safe sex, RTIs, STDs and HIV/AIDS
• Attitudes about sexuality, and actual practice of various forms
of sexual behaviour
• Details about the first sexual encounter of the respondents
• Reason for became as a sex workers
• Problems of female adolescent sex workers physically,
mentally, socially etc.

12. ETHICAL ISSUES
In order to maintain the research ethics, first
the issue and purpose of the study will be
explained to the respondent and informed
consent will be acquired from the respondent.
Secondly, anonymity and confidentiality will
be ensured to the respondent.

13. DATA COLLECTION
In-depth Interview method
Through the qualitative methods will adopt to collect the
information such as perception of the respondents regarding the
problems and of the society on her status. Through quantitative
method will adopt to collect the background characteristics of the
respondent.
Data analysis:
After data collection ATLAS-Ti software will be used to
analyse the data.

14. • India has the third largest number of people living with HIV
in the world 2.1 million at the end of 2013, HIV treatment
coverage 36 %, 64 % do not access antiretroviral and 51 %
of AIDS-related deaths occur, yet it still accounted for 38 per
cent of all new HIV infections in India (Jr Sankaran, 2006).
• The highest number of zero positivity has been reported
from Tamil Nadu followed by Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh,
Manipur, Karnataka, and Nagaland, in the period SANGA
the Tamil Nadu people did not having AIDS disease, But in
history mentioned AIDS was spread through the foreign
countries (Maru.Jeya.Sridhar, 1994),
• The major (85.8%) modes of transmission of infection are
through sexual route (UN GAP report, 2013)
Continue…..

15. CONTINUE
• In our country “sex is basic needs and joyful to men but sex
is determine the women life”.
• In Indian women (a girl) has met any type of sexual
problems each and every minutes, (e.g) the recent, Delhi
gang rape etc.
• Government take more effort to control the sexual related
issues but cannot avoid. Most of the studies recommend the
importance and implement the sex education to avoid sexual
issues.
• Recently Tamil Nadu government given importance to the
sex education and added some lesson in school subject from
VIII to IX standard.
Continue…..

16. CONTINUE
• In my point of view it is not suitable and not enough, I am
sorry to say to this….because this lesson based on the
foreigners references, writings/books.
• The Tamil people’s real life is based on traditional/sanga
period of rigid cultural, beliefs, norms, values in sexual
related like marriage, family and child bearing etc.
• Education is elixir of human life and it can make change.
But the education system and Tamil people’s daily life both
are having opposite direction, not only that globalization,
mass media, all are make changes the people behaviours,
• So need for the complete study about Tamil people’s sexual
behaviour to develop the Sex Education Curriculum to Tamil
Nadu.
Continue…..

17. CONTINUE
• In 2008, Department of Population Studies, Barathiyar University
was done a complete study on Tamil Nadu Young Male Population’s
sexual behaviour.
• It is one such pioneering research work with a large sample size-
2000. (Prof.Dr.GThiruvasagam, Vice-Chancellor).
• The findings of the study are worthy to develop Curriculum for
sexual education. But it is partially fulfilled in gender based.
• If we are conducting the study on women sexual behaviour and
merge overall the study findings and we can easily make curriculum
for sex education.
• All the reproductive and sexual problems are will arrested through
given Population education including with sex education to the
student. Based on the findings of the study will try to develop
Curriculum for Sex Education.

18. This research work is intended may be to complete in about 12
months on the following lines:
Proposed Task/Activity Time Frame
Review of Literature &
Procuring the Data set 3 Months
Analysis of Data 3 Months
Preparation of Draft Research Report 3 Months
Finalization of Research Report 3 Months

19. THANKS YOU
THANKS TO HSB, IIT
BY
K.TAMILSELVI