This document provides an introduction to storage concepts and the history of disk and tape storage. It discusses how storage has evolved from the earliest mainframes using punched cards and magnetic tape, to the introduction of disk drives and disk arrays. The key developments covered include the transition from tape to disk drives for faster direct access storage, the benefits of RAID technology for performance and redundancy, and how storage architectures continue advancing with higher capacity and faster disks.

1. 1EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Storage Basics
An Introduction to Storage
Concepts

2. 2EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
What You Will Learn
About this training
After completing this course, you will be able to:
• Explain how storage has developed over time
• Describe the basics of today’s storage environment
• Identify elements of storage architecture and performance

3. 3EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
A Short History of Disk
and Tape
This section will cover the history of
disk and tape.

4. 4EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Using Your Mainframe in the Good Old Days
• A long time ago applications were called programs
• These were input to a mainframe using punched holes
• Output was usually to paper (printed or punched)
• Life was binary...everything was black or white

5. 5EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
The Magnetic Tape Device
• Tape was introduced, in 1952, as a superior alternative to
punched cards
• Tape was:
– Much better capacity than a box of punched cards
– Less fragile than a punched card
– A whole lot faster than reading a deck of punched cards
• But too slow for emerging application requirements
• Tape is sequential
– Must read tape until desired data is found
– Murphy’s Law always ensures that:
• Data is at the end of the current tape or
• On a different tape or
• On a tape which can’t be read
• A better approach had to be found
– Direct Access Storage Devices (DASD)

6. 6EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Disk Storage Devices for Computers - 1954
Early direct access storage
devices were rotating “drums”
covered with a magnetic coating
and many fixed read/write
heads.
The drum design was improved upon by
“Winchester” technology, which used
movable heads and flat platters

7. 7EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
The Disk
• Invented by in the early 50s
• Aluminium platter with magnetic coating on both sides
• Platters assembled into a “pack”
• Moving read/write heads to access data on each platter

8. 8EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
The Disk Drive and the Spindle
• Platters rotate around a central shaft called a spindle
• The word spindle is still used to refer to individual disk drive
Spindle
Actuator
Read/Write Head
Platters
The actuator
moves the Read/Write
heads

9. 9EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Come Fly With Me
• Read/Write heads fly in the air currents generated by the
spinning disk
– Just like an aircraft flies in the air currents generated by its
forward thrust

10. 10EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
The Benefits of DASD
• The ability of a disk to randomly access data gave rise to a
HUGE increase in mainframe performance
• A tape could take minutes to reach a particular piece of data
whereas a disk could do it in milliseconds
• This meant that the number of transactions a mainframe or
server could execute, in a given period, was vastly increased if
disk was used

11. 11EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
The Evolution of Disk Technology
• Drive capacities continue to increase
dramatically from increased data density
– Longitudinal Recording limited by SuperParaMagnetic Effect (SPME)
– Perpendicular Recording now in production (10x)
• Performance trends
– Increased RPM speed
– Increased use of memory and cache at the drive level
– Solid State disks (Flash)
• Disk interfaces are driven by industry
standards
– Ultra SCSI
– Fibre Channel (Optical)
– SATA, PATA (EIDE)
• Industry challenge
– Higher capacity per disk drive reduces cost, but…
– Reduces the number of actuators for a given capacity
– Vector active I/O to Flash drives…inactive to higher density
mechanical devices

12. This section will cover disk performance
basics
Disk Performance Fundamentals

13. 13EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
How is a Disk Formatted?
A uniquely addressable area within a
disk drive is Cylinder, Head, and Sector
Track The Disk Platter is
segmented into a number of
concentric rings, called
Tracks
Cylinder
Tracks in the same position on all of
the disk platters in a spindle are called
a Cylinder
Tracks are selected by head number
Every track on the disk platter is also
segmented into individual sections
called Sectors
Sector

14. 14EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Choosing the Right Disk
• Performance (aka Access Time):
– How fast can the heads be moved to the right track
– How quickly can data be moved to and from the disk
 These are explained in the next few slides
• Capacity
– How much data can the disk hold
• Let’s look at the performance parameters
– The things that make a difference to disk behavior
Different Disk Types Exist

15. 15EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Disk Drive Access Time
Seek Time:
• The average amount of time
necessary to move the actuator
arm to position the read/write
head over the track
• Early disks were 14” (35 cm) in
diameter and had long seek times
– 50ms!
• Modern disks are 3 ½” (9 cm) or
2 ½” (6 cm) and have much
shorter seek times
– 3 – 4ms!!

16. 16EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Disk Drive Access Time
Latency:
• The average amount of time to wait
for the data to arrive under the
read/write head as the disk spins
• Also called rotational delay
• The faster the disk spins the less
the latency
• Older disks rotated at
– 2,400 RPM
• Modern disks rotate at:
– 5,400 – 15,000 RPM

17. 17EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Disk Drive Access Time
Transfer Rate:
• The amount of data which can be
written or read in a given amount
of time (normally expressed in
bytes per second)
• Higher RPM and faster
connectivity give higher transfer
rates
• Transfer rates are higher at the
outer edge of the disk

18. 18EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
The Coming of the Storage Array
• Up until 1984 storage subsystems were made
up of the following components
• Storage Controller
– Controlled “strings” of disk drives
– Proprietary and expensive
– Controller also provided the interface to the
mainframe or similar
• String
– A number of disk drives sharing some
resources to communicate with a controller
– Disks were SLED (Single Large Expensive
Disk)
– Disk failure = data loss
– Some manufacturers got around that problem
by writing the same data to different disks in
different strings – dual copy
• Expensive, slow and proprietary
• RAID Technology changed everything…

19. 19EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
RAID Technology
Redundant
Arrays of
Independent
Disks
Writing data across multiple disks
• For better performance
• To improve availability

20. 20EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
RAID1 (1989) - Sun 4/280 WS,128 MB DRAM, 4 dual-string SCSI
controllers, 28 5.25-inch SCSI disks with disk mirroring software.
Randy Katz
Dave Patterson
Garth Gibson
The First RAID Group
UC Berkeley-- 1984

21. 21EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Short Guide to RAID
RAID 0 – data striped across disks
Improves performance
Any disk failure = loss of data
RAID 1 – the SAME data mirrored on 2 disks
Improves performance and availability
Can get expensive
Can survive loss of one disk
RAID 3 – data striped across disks
Parity element used for validation/recovery
Improves disk utilisation and availability
Can survive loss of one disk BUT
Single parity disk can be performance bottleneck
RAID 5 – data striped across disks
Parity element used for validation/recovery
Parity written to different disks for each
stripe
Improves performance over RAID 3 (no
bottleneck)
Can survive loss of one disk
Data
Parity
All RAID types not shown
Number of disks in a RAID group can exceed 4 (except RAID 1)
4 disks shown for example only
A RAID configuration of disks is called a RAID Group
P
A B C D
AA
CBA
FED
P
P
CBA P
E FD

22. 22EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
0 Striping with no Parity Large Block Performance,
No Redundancy
1 Mirrored Disks High Availability and Performance
Simple Implementation
0+1 Mirrored Stripe Highest Availability and Performance
2 Hamming Code Large Block Performance
Multiple Check Disks Availability, Poor Cost
3 Striping with Parity Large Block Performance
Single Check Disk Availability at Less Cost
4 Independent Read/Write Transaction Processing, High Availability,
Single Parity Disk High Percentage of Reads
5 Independent Read/Write Transaction Processing, High Availability,
Independent Parity Disks High Percentage of Reads
6 Independent Read/Write Transaction Processing, High Availability,
Multiple Independent Parity Disks High Percentage of Reads
RAID Summary
RAID Technique Application

23. 23EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
What really happened to the dinosaurs...

24. 24EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
RAID Benefits (and a Few Drawbacks)
• The approach made storage cheaper and more reliable
– “Commodity” disk drives could be used instead of very
expensive, proprietary disk drives specific to individual
manufacturers
– RAID protected against data loss when a disk failed
• Except RAID 0 which is performance enhancement only
• The technology was adopted by many manufacturers and
many products became available
– This added to the confusion over time
• Different server types
• Different operating systems
• Different applications
• Different management approaches
• And now different storage arrays
(and a Few Drawbacks)

25. 25EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Evolution of the Storage Array
Fault Tolerant
Cache Memory
Array Controller Array Controller
Disk Directors Disk Directors
Host Interface Host Interface
Disks in RAID Groups
Mainframe/Server

26. 26EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Storage Networking
This section will cover Storage
Networking: SAN, NAS, and
iSCSI

27. 27EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Evolving Connections
Mainframe Disk Bus/Tag – 8lbs/meter
SCSI Cable- 8oz/meter
CAT6/Fiber Optic Cable >1 oz/meter

28. 28EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
What is a Storage Area Network (SAN)?
A dedicated network carrying block-based storage traffic
Servers / Applications Storage/File Data
SAN
Switches
Directors
Fibre Channel
NETWORK

29. 29EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
SAN
SAN
Storage Area
Network
Host Bus Adapter
Fibre Channel Cabling
Switch or Director
Storage Array
Good for:
• Application performance
• Highest availability
• Large scale consolidation
Not So Good for:
• Acquisition and connectivity cost for small numbers of servers
• Specialist knowledge required to manage
App Server App Server
Mirrored Cache
0 1 2 3
Mirrored CacheArray
0 1 2 3
HBA
HBA
HBA
HBA
Array
Data Stored as Blocks and Volumes

30. 30EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
What’s all this noise about IP Storage (iSCSI)?
Consolidated SAN Infrastructures
Direct Attached Storage Deployments
Consolidated NAS
Infrastructure
iSCSI extends SAN
consolidation benefits
to “stranded” servers
and storage
iSCSI offers a cost
effective IP Storage
infrastructure for my entry
level SAN
iSCSI extends my
consolidation
capabilities to include
traditional block
applications

31. 31EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
The IP Storage (iSCSI) SAN
iSCSI
App Server App Server
NIC
NIC
DeviceDevice
NIC
IP Network
Router or Switch
Storage or other device
Good for:
• Storage consolidation
• Acquisition Cost/Connectivity Cost
• Ease of use, simple deployment
• Ability to use existing networks
• Campus connectivity
Not So Good for:
• High-end applications performance
Data Stored as Blocks and Volumes
iSCSI Driver iSCSI Driver
iSCSI Target iSCSI Target

32. 32EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
What is the Purpose of Block I/O?
• Allows small amount of memory to run multiple applications
• Swap data between computers
• Applications and data stored in fixed “Blocks”

33. 33EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Today’s Blocks..
• Size of a block in Kilobytes
• Common block sizes are 4K, 8K, 16K, 32K and 64K
• Large block sizes are used for sequential applications where
data pre-fetch is effective, i.e. video streaming
• Modern servers have huge amounts of memory
• Block storage can be either direct-attached or SAN-attached to
servers

34. 34EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
What’s in a Block?
• A block contains raw data
• Applications use blocks as a form of communication
while running
• Everything on your hard drive is in blocks
• Applications assemble blocks in such a way as to
provide information
• Applications use blocks to create files

35. 35EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
File Storage
• The file system to store files was invented in the early 80s
• Files are kept in folders and sub-folders
• File systems are commonly used by applications such as small
databases
• External file storage is called Network-Attached Storage (NAS)
because the storage is attached over IP networks

36. 36EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
This is a human-friendly file system
These are blocks assembled by the Windows File System into files

37. 37EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Block and File Relationships
Block
Block
Block
Block
SAN
Database
CatApp
Blocks are DATA
QueryResult
Report
• This is INFORMATION
• It is a FILE
• It can be stored using NAS
IP Network
Cat.docx

38. 38EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Why is Storage Growing and What’s Growing?
• Block storage is mainly used for databases and applications
– These belong to organizations (business, government)
– They grow as organizations add more clients and services
– Analysts say that block storage grows around 20% to 30% a year
• File storage is used by everybody
– Inside organisations for internal file storage
– Available on the internet as some kind of service
• Web pages for commerce
• Facebook
• eBay
– Billions of people use the internet and this is driving file storage
growth at a tremendous rate
– IDC’s “Digital Universe” will be 50 times bigger in 2020 than it is
today
– Analysts say that file storage grows around 80% a year

39. 39EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
September 1977 – Early Networking
ARCNET was invented to connect
computers to each other for information
exchange
The technology would go on to be the
basis for the Local-Area Network and
Network-Attached Storage

40. 40EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
What is Network Attached Storage (NAS)?
A network carrying file-based traffic
Users / Application
Clients
Servers / Applications Storage / File Data
LAN
Switches
IP
NETWORK

41. 41EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
NAS
NAS
Network-Attached
Storage
User
Desktop
Oracle
Server
NIC
NIC
File
Sharing
Device
File
Sharing
Device
Network Interface Card
IP Network
Router or Switch
Storage or Server
Good for:
 File sharing and some apps
 Acquisition and connectivity cost
 Ease of use, simple deployment
 Long-distance connectivity
Not So Good for:
High-end applications performance
Supporting Microsoft Applications
Data Stored as Files in File Systems

42. 42EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Host
A
Host
B
NIC NIC
Host
A
HBA
Host
B
HBA
How can we Build Consolidated Environments?
SANs consolidate storage
Physical
Storage is
shared, not
information
Application Servers
BlockI/O
Fibre
Channel
Network
Application Servers
Host
A
Host
B
FileI/O
NAS consolidates file servers
and storage…
Physical
Storage and
information
is shared
NIC NIC
Application Servers
BlockI/O
IP
Network
IP
Network
IP SAN NASFibre Channel SAN
SAN, iSCSI, and NAS

43. 43EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Unified Storage
 Unified storage provides connectivity for all the protocols
– FC SAN
– IP (iSCSI) SAN
– Ethernet networks
– Fibre-channel over Ethernet (FCoE) from Cisco
 Physical storage is shared between the block and file
environments
– Both environments managed using the same tools
– Common data protection and replication for both environments
– High degree of hypervisor (VMware, Hyper-V and Citrix) for both
environments

44. 44EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Users / Application Clients Servers / Applications Storage / File Data
LAN
Switches
IP
NETWORK
Putting it all Together
Unified
Storage

45. 45EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Servers / Applications Storage / File Data
SAN
Switches
Directors
Fibre Channel
NETWORK
Putting it all Together
Unified
Storage

46. 46EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Putting it all Together
Users / Application Clients Servers / Applications Storage / File Data
SAN
Switches
Directors
LAN
Switches
IP
NETWORK
Fibre Channel
NETWORK
Gateway
Unified
Storage

47. 47EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
How Many Customers Still Look Like This?

48. 48EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Storage Consolidation Drives TCO Down

49. 49EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Storage Management

50. 50EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Data Replication, Backup &
Recovery
This section will cover data
replication, backup, and recovery

51. 51EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Local Copies of Data – Clones
• Physically independent point-in-
time copies of source volume
– Minimal performance impact on
applications
– Good for:
• Backup
• Recovery
• Testing
• Database extract
• Source of data to be moved
• Significant cost if many clones
are needed
– Clone capacity must equal
production capacity

52. 52EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Local Copies of Data – Snapshots
• Logical, point-in-time copies of data
• Pointer-based copy of data
– May have some performance impact on
applications
– Good for:
• Backup
• Restore
• Testing
• Managing change to data over a
period of time
• Block Storage uses either clones or
snapshots
• NAS Storage usually uses snapshots

53. 53EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Remote Replication
• Recovery Point Objective (RPO)
– How far back in time does data need to be recovered if data loss
occurs ?
• Recovery Time Objective (RTO)
– How much time will pass after a data loss incident before
operations are online again?

54. 54EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Synchronous Model
1. I/O from host to local storage system
2. I/O from local storage system to remote (target) system
3. Acknowledgement back from remote to local system
4. Acknowledgement from local storage system back to host

55. 55EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Asynchronous Replication with Periodic Update
1. I/O from host to storage system
2. Acknowledgement from local storage system back to host
3. Trigger event
4. Delta Sets from local storage system to remote (target)
system
5. Acknowledgement back from remote to local system

56. 56EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Continuous Data Protection
 Software-based replication solution
 Uses server or dedicated appliance
 Array-agnostic
 DVR-like in operation
 All writes replicated to journal and then to recovery storage
 Journal acts as a buffer to prevent corruption events, for
example from spreading to recovery storage

57. 57EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
The Struggle with Backup
• The time allowed for backup is called the “backup window”
• Increased application availability requirements make the
window smaller and smaller
• The amount of data at the user is increasing
– So the amount of data to be backed up is increasing

58. 58EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
• Very common way to backup/restore
– Individual tape drives can be attached
to each server
– Backup can be done over the LAN
▪ Slow and error-prone but cheap
– Backup can also be done over the SAN
▪ Fast but expensive
– A tape library of some kind can used
– As information grows the number of
tapes also has to grow and this can
get expensive and difficult to manage
– Security is an issue because tapes get
lost or stolen
– Tape is fairly fragile and gets damaged
when people carry it from place to
place
Features
Backup and Recovery Using Tape
Problem: Backup to tape can be fast but recovery is always much slower

59. 59EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Backup and Recovery Using Disk
• Increasingly common way to
backup/restore
– Backup target can be large ATA
drives inside the storage array
▪ This can be the same storage
array being used by the
production environment
– Backup target can be a virtual
tape library
▪ This is a storage array with
emulation hardware and software
▪ Multiple tape drive and library
types supported simultaneously
– A virtual tape library appears
“just like the real thing” to the
backup application
– Disk Libraries provide remote
replication for better availability
of backups
Features
Solution: Restore from disk is as fast as the backup, so much better recovery

60. 60EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
The Struggle with Backup
• Clones and Snapshots can be used for backup
– This really helps to improve application availability
• But the data grows and grows and everything gets bigger
– More storage
– More tape
– More people to manage it all

61. 61EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
• Data Growth
– Production will grow 5x,
• Backup represents 30x production
capacity
– Daily, weekly, and monthly full
backups kept for months or years
• Server Virtualization
– VM sprawl creates protection
challenges
– Server consolidation leaves little
bandwidth for backup
• Conventional backups typically move
200% of the data each week
• Next Generation Virtual Data Center
– “IT as a Service” models drive
demands for greater availability,
resource flexibility, and shorter
backup windows, RTOs and RPOs
Digital Information Created and Replicated Worldwide
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1000
0
Exabytes
Source: IDC Digital Universe white paper, sponsored by EMC
5-FOLD Growth
in 4 YEARS
Why Data Deduplication?

62. 62EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Backup Has Evolved

63. 63EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Deduplication at Work

64. 64EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
De-dupe Real-World Results
Data Type
Amount of
Primary
Data
Backed Up
Amount of
Data
Moved
Daily
Daily
De-
duplication
Ratio
Windows file systems 3,573 GB 6.1 GB 586:1
Mix of Windows, Linux, and UNIX file
systems
5,097 GB 11.7 GB 436:1
Engineering files on NAS (NDMP
backups)
3,265 GB 24.2 GB 135:1
Mix of 20 percent databases, 80
percent
file systems (Windows and UNIX)
9,583 GB 80.0 GB 120:1
Mix of Linux file systems and
databases
7,831 GB 104.2 GB 75:1
Source: EMC
Results Vary by Data Type: Customer Ratios vs. Full Backups

65. 65EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Old Paradigm
Physical Environment: Low
overall server utilization and
plenty of bandwidth for backup
20 percent resource utilization
100%
80%
40%
0%
60%
20%
CPUUtilization
Server
A
Server
B
Server
C
Virtual Server A Virtual Server B Virtual Server C
New Paradigm
Virtual Environment: High
overall server utilization and little
bandwidth for backup
80 percent resource utilization
100%
80%
40%
0%
60%
20%
CPUUtilization
ESXServer
Hardware
Shared Physical Resources
Next Generation Backup Drives Utilization

66. 66EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Next Generation Backup – The Big Picture

67. 67EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Course Summary
During this course, you have learned:
• How information storage has evolved over time
• The basic’s of today’s storage environments
• How to identify fundamental elements of storage
architecture & performance

68. 68EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Thank You
• Please note:
– It may take up to 24 hours for your
transcript to be updated and reflect
that you have successfully
completed this course.
– If after 24 hours your transcript is
not updated, please send an e-mail
to EdServices@emc.com describing
your issue.
• Please include:
– Badge Number
– Course Title
– Issue
2014 Sales Accreditation Training

69. 69EMC CONFIDENTIAL — FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
S a l e s T r a i n i n g
Click here to provide feedback