Different steps of test constructions

1. CONSTRUCTION OF
ACHIEVEMENT TEST
Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik
Dated:27-05-20

2. Planning the Test
• Determine purpose of testing
• Outline content
• Select appropriate test items
• Develop test Blueprint

3. Preparing test
• Write items as per the Blueprint
• Follow rules of writing test items
• Match items with objective of teaching
• Obtain representative sample of items
• Write items having proper difficulty value
• Write items objectively
• Write more items than required

4. Preparing Instructions
• Write instructions for each questions
separately for objective and essay items
• Prepare scoring key and model answer

5. Editing Test Items

6. Assembling the items
• True-False
• Matching
• Short-answer
• Multiple choice
• Interpretative exercise
• Essay questions

7. Trying out the test
• Administer on sample of 20-40 students to
find out the effectiveness of each items
• Identify language difficulty
• Content accuracy
• Suitability of distractors
• Appropriateness of duration of test
• Chance of guessing
• Difficulty value
• Discriminating power

8. Evaluating the test
(Determine the characteristics of test)
• Validity: Content validity, Criterion &
Construct Validity
• Reliability: Test-retest, Split-half, Parallel form,
Chronbach Alpha
• Usability: Practical aspect of test
• Norms: Required for interpretation. Z score,
Percentiles, T-score, C-score

9. Validity
• It refers to the appropriateness of the
interpretations made from test scores.
• It refers purposiveness of the test
• It is matter of degree
• It is always specific to some particular
test/interpretation
• It is unitary concept

10. Types of Validity
• Content Validity: How well the sample test
items represent the content to measured.
• Criterion Validity: How well the test
performance predicts the future performance
or estimate the current performance.
• Construct Validity: How well the test
performance can be interpreted as a
meaningful measure of some characteristics.

11. Reliability
• It refers to the consistency of measurement
over repeated testing or parallel test.

12. Method Types of measure Procedure
Test-retest Measure of stability Same test is given twice on
same group of students,
estimate the correlation of
score-Coefficient of reliability
Equivalent
forms
Measures of
equivalence
Prepare and administer two
forms of test and find out the
correlation
Split-half Internal consistency Give one test. Score in two
parts by following odd and
even method, find correlation
and apply Spearman-Brown
formula.
Kuder-
Rochardso
n
Internal consistency Give test once, score and
apply KR formula

13. Spearman-Brown Formula
r=Two times correlation of half-test/one plus
correlation between half test.
Suppose ½ r is .60
Then Full r=2x.60/1+.60=.75 is reliability

14. Objectivity
• Objectivity in test items
• Objectivity in test scoring
• Scorer Reliability

15. Usability(Practical Considerations)
• Ease of administration
• Time required for administration
• Ease of interpretation
• Availability of parallel test
• Cost of test