This document outlines revisions made to the Indian Code IS 800-1984 for use as the Nepal National Building Code for steel structures. Key changes include replacing references to Indian standards with Nepali standards, limiting the maximum steel yield strength, modifying wind and earthquake load combinations, and adding a new Section 13 on seismic design of buildings in accordance with Nepal's seismic design standard. The revisions are intended to develop Nepal's first national standards for steel design and construction.
This document provides amendments to the Indian Code IS 456-1978 (Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete) for its use as the Nepal National Building Code NBC 110-94. The amendments update material code references to Nepali standards, add clauses related to snow load and seismic design in accordance with other NBC standards, and modify load combination factors and partial safety factors to be used in structural design according to the limit state and working stress methods. The purpose is to ensure compatibility with seismic design provisions and reflect national material standards.
This document provides guidelines for earthquake-resistant earthen building construction in Nepal. It covers site selection considerations like avoiding geological faults, landslide areas, steep slopes, etc. It provides recommendations for planning building shapes and proportions, foundation design using strip footings, and construction techniques like creating a box effect with walls and using better bonding between masonry units. The guidelines are part of Nepal's National Building Code and aim to improve the earthquake resistance of earthen buildings.
This document provides guidelines for earthquake-resistant construction using low-strength masonry in Nepal. It was developed by the Nepal Department of Urban Development and Building Construction with assistance from UN agencies to establish standards after Nepal's 1988 earthquake. The guidelines cover appropriate materials, site considerations, building planning and layout, construction techniques, and structural design for walls, floors, roofs and foundations. The purpose is to promote public safety by reducing earthquake vulnerability in buildings.
This document provides a summary of the Nepal National Building Code NBC 105: 2020 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal. It outlines the key revisions made in this updated version compared to the 1994 version. Some of the major changes include:
- Defining performance requirements more precisely in terms of collapse prevention and damage limitation.
- Introducing non-linear analysis methods while retaining linear methods.
- Revising load combinations, load factors, and seismic hazard maps based on recent data.
- Specifying different response spectra for different soil types and earthquake levels.
- Revising structural irregularity provisions and adding drift and displacement criteria.
- Specifying design procedures and capacity design principles for reinforced
This document contains the National Building Code of India 2016: Part 7 Construction Management, Practices and Safety. It includes six sections that cover various aspects of construction management, planning, practices, safety, repairs and strengthening of buildings, as well as habitat and welfare requirements for construction workers. The sections include construction project management, construction planning and site management, construction practices, safety in construction and demolition, repairs and retrofitting of buildings, and habitat and welfare requirements for construction workers. It aims to provide guidance on best practices for construction activities and safety.
This document contains the National Building Code of India 2016: Part 7 Construction Management, Practices and Safety. It covers six sections related to construction management, planning and site management, construction practices, safety in construction and demolition, repairs and strengthening of buildings, and habitat and welfare requirements for construction workers. The document provides guidelines on construction project management, planning, control practices, temporary works, storage and handling practices, safety in construction and demolition of buildings, maintenance management, prevention of cracks, repairs and seismic strengthening of buildings.
This document provides guidelines for imposed loads, or live loads, to be considered in structural design of buildings in India. It outlines minimum load values for floors, roofs, parapets, and other building elements, based on intended occupancy and use. Load values are specified for common occupancies like residential, offices, stores, and more. The guidelines also address load reduction for vertical members, posting required floor capacities, and other considerations like impact loads and vibration effects. The objective is to ensure structural safety of buildings while avoiding overdesign through excessive assumed loading.
The document provides an overview of the project to develop proposed AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design. It describes the background and justification for the specifications. Key points include:
1) The specifications are based on 5 tasks to develop recommendations for the design earthquake, analysis procedures, superstructure design, and liquefaction design.
2) A technical review team representing 11 states provided feedback on draft specifications by completing trial bridge designs.
3) The specifications establish 4 Seismic Design Categories with increasing analysis and design requirements.
4) Recommendations include adopting a 1000-year return period design earthquake, allowing 3 types of bridge seismic resisting systems, and specifying displacement and capacity design procedures
This document provides amendments to the Indian Code IS 456-1978 (Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete) for its use as the Nepal National Building Code NBC 110-94. The amendments update material code references to Nepali standards, add clauses related to snow load and seismic design in accordance with other NBC standards, and modify load combination factors and partial safety factors to be used in structural design according to the limit state and working stress methods. The purpose is to ensure compatibility with seismic design provisions and reflect national material standards.
This document provides guidelines for earthquake-resistant earthen building construction in Nepal. It covers site selection considerations like avoiding geological faults, landslide areas, steep slopes, etc. It provides recommendations for planning building shapes and proportions, foundation design using strip footings, and construction techniques like creating a box effect with walls and using better bonding between masonry units. The guidelines are part of Nepal's National Building Code and aim to improve the earthquake resistance of earthen buildings.
This document provides guidelines for earthquake-resistant construction using low-strength masonry in Nepal. It was developed by the Nepal Department of Urban Development and Building Construction with assistance from UN agencies to establish standards after Nepal's 1988 earthquake. The guidelines cover appropriate materials, site considerations, building planning and layout, construction techniques, and structural design for walls, floors, roofs and foundations. The purpose is to promote public safety by reducing earthquake vulnerability in buildings.
This document provides a summary of the Nepal National Building Code NBC 105: 2020 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal. It outlines the key revisions made in this updated version compared to the 1994 version. Some of the major changes include:
- Defining performance requirements more precisely in terms of collapse prevention and damage limitation.
- Introducing non-linear analysis methods while retaining linear methods.
- Revising load combinations, load factors, and seismic hazard maps based on recent data.
- Specifying different response spectra for different soil types and earthquake levels.
- Revising structural irregularity provisions and adding drift and displacement criteria.
- Specifying design procedures and capacity design principles for reinforced
This document contains the National Building Code of India 2016: Part 7 Construction Management, Practices and Safety. It includes six sections that cover various aspects of construction management, planning, practices, safety, repairs and strengthening of buildings, as well as habitat and welfare requirements for construction workers. The sections include construction project management, construction planning and site management, construction practices, safety in construction and demolition, repairs and retrofitting of buildings, and habitat and welfare requirements for construction workers. It aims to provide guidance on best practices for construction activities and safety.
This document contains the National Building Code of India 2016: Part 7 Construction Management, Practices and Safety. It covers six sections related to construction management, planning and site management, construction practices, safety in construction and demolition, repairs and strengthening of buildings, and habitat and welfare requirements for construction workers. The document provides guidelines on construction project management, planning, control practices, temporary works, storage and handling practices, safety in construction and demolition of buildings, maintenance management, prevention of cracks, repairs and seismic strengthening of buildings.
This document provides guidelines for imposed loads, or live loads, to be considered in structural design of buildings in India. It outlines minimum load values for floors, roofs, parapets, and other building elements, based on intended occupancy and use. Load values are specified for common occupancies like residential, offices, stores, and more. The guidelines also address load reduction for vertical members, posting required floor capacities, and other considerations like impact loads and vibration effects. The objective is to ensure structural safety of buildings while avoiding overdesign through excessive assumed loading.
The document provides an overview of the project to develop proposed AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design. It describes the background and justification for the specifications. Key points include:
1) The specifications are based on 5 tasks to develop recommendations for the design earthquake, analysis procedures, superstructure design, and liquefaction design.
2) A technical review team representing 11 states provided feedback on draft specifications by completing trial bridge designs.
3) The specifications establish 4 Seismic Design Categories with increasing analysis and design requirements.
4) Recommendations include adopting a 1000-year return period design earthquake, allowing 3 types of bridge seismic resisting systems, and specifying displacement and capacity design procedures
This document outlines Indian Standard IS: 875 (Part 2) - 1987 regarding imposed loads for buildings and structures. It provides terminology, specifies minimum imposed loads on floors and roofs for different occupancies, and addresses other loading considerations like impact, vibration, parapets, and balustrades. The standard was revised to rationalize imposed load values based on recent studies and foreign standards, allow for a 50% reduction in loads for multi-story column design, and require posting of floor load capacities.
This document provides the code of practice for general construction of plain and reinforced concrete for dams and other massive structures in India. It covers materials, concrete mix design, placement, curing, formwork, joints, and testing. The code aims to ensure durability, strength, impermeability and uniformity of concrete structures. It establishes requirements for cement, aggregates, water, admixtures and reinforcement to be used. It also provides guidelines for mixing, placing, compacting, curing concrete and constructing joints.
This document is an Indian Standard (IS) code of practice for design loads other than earthquakes for buildings and structures. It covers Part 5, which deals with special loads and load combinations to consider in structural design. These special loads include temperature effects, hydrostatic and soil pressures, stresses from creep/shrinkage/settlement, accidental loads, and fatigue from repeated loading. It provides guidance on evaluating and accounting for these special loads and load effects in structural analysis and design. It also discusses appropriate load combinations to consider.
This document is an explanatory handbook on codes for earthquake engineering (IS 1893-1975 and IS 4326-1976). It provides explanations and clarifications for certain clauses in those codes, as well as worked examples. The handbook was developed by a special committee to help with implementation of the codes. It defines key terms related to earthquakes and seismic activity. It also provides background on the development of different intensity scales used to characterize earthquakes. The handbook is meant to be used alongside the actual codes.
This document provides recommendations for detailing reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures according to Indian Standard IS: 5525-1969. It outlines symbols and abbreviations used to represent reinforcement bars and structural elements. It also describes how to mark different parts of buildings, such as columns and beams, on drawings using a grid system. Recommendations are provided for scales of drawings and including necessary design information on structural drawings.
This document provides details on an Indian standard for concrete vibrators of the screed board type. It outlines:
1. The scope, covering materials, sizes, construction, assembly and performance of screed board concrete vibrators.
2. Terminology for key terms like amplitude of vibration, eccentric shaft, screed board, vibrating unit, etc.
3. Material requirements for parts like the eccentric shaft, tube, rivets, springs and V-belts.
4. Common size designations for screed board vibrators of 3, 4 and 5 meters in length.
5. Construction details covering the mounting of the vibrating unit, positioning, enclosure, lubrication and
This document is the Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures, Part 5 Special Loads and Load Combinations from 1997. It provides guidance on loads to consider in structural design related to temperature effects, hydrostatic and soil pressure, fatigue, and recommendations for appropriate load combinations. Temperature ranges in different parts of India are shown in figures to help assess potential variations. Provisions are made for thermal expansion/contraction and temperature gradients. Soil and water pressures on basement walls and footings are also addressed.
Analysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.Progsharda123
This document presents a minor project report on the analysis and design of a four-storey building (ground plus three floors) using STAAD Pro software. It was submitted by five civil engineering students at Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Punjab, India in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Technology degree. The report covers various topics related to structural analysis and design including different analysis methods, design of building elements like slabs, beams, columns, and footings. It also discusses assumptions, design codes, loads, and materials used for the building design.
The document summarizes the contents and history of revisions to the Design Standards for Railway Structures (Concrete Structures) in Japan. Key points include:
- The latest 2004 edition adopted a performance-based design method, extended the use of high-strength materials, and incorporated durability improvement technologies.
- Standards have been revised regularly since 1955 to incorporate new technologies and design methods. The 1992 edition introduced limit state design.
- Revisions in 2004 aligned the standard with a national technical norm that converted railway standards to a performance-based format. It had been over a decade since the last update.
Ebcs 1 basis of design actions on structuresAlemu Osore
This document presents the Ethiopian Building Code Standard for the basis of design and actions on structures. It establishes principles for structural safety and serviceability, and describes the basis for design verification. It provides general guidelines for structural reliability and outlines limit states, actions, modeling, testing, and verification methods. Design values, factors, and simplified verification processes are presented for ultimate and serviceability limit states. Guidance is given for modeling static and dynamic actions, and testing is described as a means to determine design values.
This document provides the standard form and dimensions for bending and fixing reinforcement bars for concrete structures according to Indian Standard IS: 2502-1963. It specifies the symbols and approximate dimensions for bar bends, as well as the bending and fixing procedures. Tables are included that define the standard hook and bend allowances, curved bar radii, bending and cutting tolerances, and other key specifications for reinforcement bar fabrication according to this Indian code of practice.
Sp 34-1987 handbook on reinforcement and detailingjemmabarsby
This document is a handbook on reinforcement and detailing published by the Bureau of Indian Standards. It provides information on different types of steel used for reinforcement in concrete, including mild steel, medium tensile steel, high strength deformed steel bars, and hard-drawn steel wire fabric. It specifies the requirements for each type of steel in terms of chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensions and tolerances. The handbook also covers detailing functions, structural drawings, general detailing requirements, bar bending schedules, and detailing of different structural elements like foundations, columns, beams etc.
This document is a handbook on reinforcement and detailing produced by the Bureau of Indian Standards. It provides information on steel for reinforcement, including specifications for mild steel, medium tensile steel, high strength deformed steel bars, and hard-drawn steel wire fabric. It outlines the physical and mechanical properties required for different steel types, as well as tolerances for dimensions. The handbook serves as a companion to other documents on reinforced concrete, providing guidance on steel properties and specifications to inform proper reinforcement detailing.
The document is an Indian Standard code of practice for installing joints in concrete pavements. It provides definitions for different types of joints and pavements. It outlines design considerations for the layout and details of transverse and longitudinal joints. It specifies requirements for materials used in joints like joint filler, sealing compounds, and dowel bars. It describes the purpose and details of transverse expansion joints, contraction joints, and construction joints. The code aims to provide guidance on installing joints to control cracking and allow for movement in concrete pavements.
This document provides the summary of an Indian Standard code of practice for the design and construction of pile foundations. It specifically focuses on Section 2 which covers bored cast-in-situ concrete piles. Key points include:
1) It establishes terminology for bored cast-in-situ piles which are formed by excavating a hole in the ground and filling it with concrete, with or without a temporary casing.
2) It provides scope and covers the design and construction of bored concrete piles up to 2,500mm in diameter that transmit structural loads through end-bearing and/or shaft friction.
3) The standard references other related Indian Standards and international codes that were consulted in developing this practice.
This document provides a code of practice for laying concrete pipes. It includes methods for calculating loads on pipes according to installation conditions and provides corresponding load factors. The purpose is to relate the loads on concrete pipes installed under various conditions to the test strength of the pipe, through appropriate load factors. The document defines key terms, outlines symbols used in calculations, and describes methods to calculate vertical loads on pipes from earth fill material, concentrated loads, and distributed loads. It is intended to be used with other standards for concrete pipes to help ensure pipes are not subjected to loads exceeding their design strength.
This document provides the Indian Standard code of practice for using immersion vibrators to consolidate concrete. It discusses the proper use of immersion vibrators, including suitable concrete mixes, insertion depth and angle of the vibrator needle, thickness of concrete layers, and maintenance of the vibrators. It also addresses safety considerations for electrical vibrators and maintaining service logs to track vibrator performance and repairs. The standard is intended to guide obtaining maximum benefit from vibration consolidation of concrete.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+4 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING contentsila vamsi krishna
This document outlines the process and methods used to analyze and design a multi-story residential building using STAAD Pro software. It includes chapters on software used, literature review of analysis methods, load calculations, design of building elements like beams, columns, slabs and footings. Load combinations are defined according to Indian standards. Material properties and design assumptions are provided. The document then describes the analysis and design of each building element and provides sample output diagrams from STAAD Pro.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
This document outlines Indian Standard IS: 875 (Part 2) - 1987 regarding imposed loads for buildings and structures. It provides terminology, specifies minimum imposed loads on floors and roofs for different occupancies, and addresses other loading considerations like impact, vibration, parapets, and balustrades. The standard was revised to rationalize imposed load values based on recent studies and foreign standards, allow for a 50% reduction in loads for multi-story column design, and require posting of floor load capacities.
This document provides the code of practice for general construction of plain and reinforced concrete for dams and other massive structures in India. It covers materials, concrete mix design, placement, curing, formwork, joints, and testing. The code aims to ensure durability, strength, impermeability and uniformity of concrete structures. It establishes requirements for cement, aggregates, water, admixtures and reinforcement to be used. It also provides guidelines for mixing, placing, compacting, curing concrete and constructing joints.
This document is an Indian Standard (IS) code of practice for design loads other than earthquakes for buildings and structures. It covers Part 5, which deals with special loads and load combinations to consider in structural design. These special loads include temperature effects, hydrostatic and soil pressures, stresses from creep/shrinkage/settlement, accidental loads, and fatigue from repeated loading. It provides guidance on evaluating and accounting for these special loads and load effects in structural analysis and design. It also discusses appropriate load combinations to consider.
This document is an explanatory handbook on codes for earthquake engineering (IS 1893-1975 and IS 4326-1976). It provides explanations and clarifications for certain clauses in those codes, as well as worked examples. The handbook was developed by a special committee to help with implementation of the codes. It defines key terms related to earthquakes and seismic activity. It also provides background on the development of different intensity scales used to characterize earthquakes. The handbook is meant to be used alongside the actual codes.
This document provides recommendations for detailing reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures according to Indian Standard IS: 5525-1969. It outlines symbols and abbreviations used to represent reinforcement bars and structural elements. It also describes how to mark different parts of buildings, such as columns and beams, on drawings using a grid system. Recommendations are provided for scales of drawings and including necessary design information on structural drawings.
This document provides details on an Indian standard for concrete vibrators of the screed board type. It outlines:
1. The scope, covering materials, sizes, construction, assembly and performance of screed board concrete vibrators.
2. Terminology for key terms like amplitude of vibration, eccentric shaft, screed board, vibrating unit, etc.
3. Material requirements for parts like the eccentric shaft, tube, rivets, springs and V-belts.
4. Common size designations for screed board vibrators of 3, 4 and 5 meters in length.
5. Construction details covering the mounting of the vibrating unit, positioning, enclosure, lubrication and
This document is the Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures, Part 5 Special Loads and Load Combinations from 1997. It provides guidance on loads to consider in structural design related to temperature effects, hydrostatic and soil pressure, fatigue, and recommendations for appropriate load combinations. Temperature ranges in different parts of India are shown in figures to help assess potential variations. Provisions are made for thermal expansion/contraction and temperature gradients. Soil and water pressures on basement walls and footings are also addressed.
Analysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.Progsharda123
This document presents a minor project report on the analysis and design of a four-storey building (ground plus three floors) using STAAD Pro software. It was submitted by five civil engineering students at Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Punjab, India in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Technology degree. The report covers various topics related to structural analysis and design including different analysis methods, design of building elements like slabs, beams, columns, and footings. It also discusses assumptions, design codes, loads, and materials used for the building design.
The document summarizes the contents and history of revisions to the Design Standards for Railway Structures (Concrete Structures) in Japan. Key points include:
- The latest 2004 edition adopted a performance-based design method, extended the use of high-strength materials, and incorporated durability improvement technologies.
- Standards have been revised regularly since 1955 to incorporate new technologies and design methods. The 1992 edition introduced limit state design.
- Revisions in 2004 aligned the standard with a national technical norm that converted railway standards to a performance-based format. It had been over a decade since the last update.
Ebcs 1 basis of design actions on structuresAlemu Osore
This document presents the Ethiopian Building Code Standard for the basis of design and actions on structures. It establishes principles for structural safety and serviceability, and describes the basis for design verification. It provides general guidelines for structural reliability and outlines limit states, actions, modeling, testing, and verification methods. Design values, factors, and simplified verification processes are presented for ultimate and serviceability limit states. Guidance is given for modeling static and dynamic actions, and testing is described as a means to determine design values.
This document provides the standard form and dimensions for bending and fixing reinforcement bars for concrete structures according to Indian Standard IS: 2502-1963. It specifies the symbols and approximate dimensions for bar bends, as well as the bending and fixing procedures. Tables are included that define the standard hook and bend allowances, curved bar radii, bending and cutting tolerances, and other key specifications for reinforcement bar fabrication according to this Indian code of practice.
Sp 34-1987 handbook on reinforcement and detailingjemmabarsby
This document is a handbook on reinforcement and detailing published by the Bureau of Indian Standards. It provides information on different types of steel used for reinforcement in concrete, including mild steel, medium tensile steel, high strength deformed steel bars, and hard-drawn steel wire fabric. It specifies the requirements for each type of steel in terms of chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensions and tolerances. The handbook also covers detailing functions, structural drawings, general detailing requirements, bar bending schedules, and detailing of different structural elements like foundations, columns, beams etc.
This document is a handbook on reinforcement and detailing produced by the Bureau of Indian Standards. It provides information on steel for reinforcement, including specifications for mild steel, medium tensile steel, high strength deformed steel bars, and hard-drawn steel wire fabric. It outlines the physical and mechanical properties required for different steel types, as well as tolerances for dimensions. The handbook serves as a companion to other documents on reinforced concrete, providing guidance on steel properties and specifications to inform proper reinforcement detailing.
The document is an Indian Standard code of practice for installing joints in concrete pavements. It provides definitions for different types of joints and pavements. It outlines design considerations for the layout and details of transverse and longitudinal joints. It specifies requirements for materials used in joints like joint filler, sealing compounds, and dowel bars. It describes the purpose and details of transverse expansion joints, contraction joints, and construction joints. The code aims to provide guidance on installing joints to control cracking and allow for movement in concrete pavements.
This document provides the summary of an Indian Standard code of practice for the design and construction of pile foundations. It specifically focuses on Section 2 which covers bored cast-in-situ concrete piles. Key points include:
1) It establishes terminology for bored cast-in-situ piles which are formed by excavating a hole in the ground and filling it with concrete, with or without a temporary casing.
2) It provides scope and covers the design and construction of bored concrete piles up to 2,500mm in diameter that transmit structural loads through end-bearing and/or shaft friction.
3) The standard references other related Indian Standards and international codes that were consulted in developing this practice.
This document provides a code of practice for laying concrete pipes. It includes methods for calculating loads on pipes according to installation conditions and provides corresponding load factors. The purpose is to relate the loads on concrete pipes installed under various conditions to the test strength of the pipe, through appropriate load factors. The document defines key terms, outlines symbols used in calculations, and describes methods to calculate vertical loads on pipes from earth fill material, concentrated loads, and distributed loads. It is intended to be used with other standards for concrete pipes to help ensure pipes are not subjected to loads exceeding their design strength.
This document provides the Indian Standard code of practice for using immersion vibrators to consolidate concrete. It discusses the proper use of immersion vibrators, including suitable concrete mixes, insertion depth and angle of the vibrator needle, thickness of concrete layers, and maintenance of the vibrators. It also addresses safety considerations for electrical vibrators and maintaining service logs to track vibrator performance and repairs. The standard is intended to guide obtaining maximum benefit from vibration consolidation of concrete.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+4 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING contentsila vamsi krishna
This document outlines the process and methods used to analyze and design a multi-story residential building using STAAD Pro software. It includes chapters on software used, literature review of analysis methods, load calculations, design of building elements like beams, columns, slabs and footings. Load combinations are defined according to Indian standards. Material properties and design assumptions are provided. The document then describes the analysis and design of each building element and provides sample output diagrams from STAAD Pro.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
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1. NBC108V2.RV9 7 December 1993
N E P A L N A T I O N A L B U I L D I N G C O D E
NBC 111 : 1994
STEEL
Government of Nepal
Ministry of Physical Planning and Works
Department of Urban Development and Building Construction
Babar Mahal, Kathmandu, NEPAL
Reprinted : 2064
2. NBC108V2.RV9 7 December 1993
N E P A L N A T I O N A L B U I L D I N G C O D E
NBC 111 : 1994
STEEL
tTsflng >L % sf] ;/sf/ -dlGqkl/ifb_ sf] ldlt @)^).$.!@ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ :jLs[t
Government of Nepal
Ministry of Physical Planning and Works
Department of Urban Development and Building Construction
Babar Mahal, Kathmandu, NEPAL
Reprinted : 2064
This publication represents a standard of good practice and therefore
takes the form of recommendations. Compliance with it does not confer
immunity from relevant legal requirements, including bylaws
3. NBC111VO.RV2 7December 1993
Preface
This Nepal Standard was prepared during 1993 as part of a project to prepare a National Building
Code for Nepal.
In 1988 the Ministry of Housing and Physical Planning (MHPP), conscious of the growing needs of
Nepal's urban and shelter sectors, requested technical assistance from the United Nations Development
Programme and their executing agency, United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS).
A programme of Policy and Technical Support was set up within the Ministry (UNDP Project
NEP/88/054) and a number of activities have been undertaken within this framework.
The 1988 earthquake in Nepal, and the resulting deaths and damage to both housing and schools, again
drew attention to the need for changes and improvement in current building construction and design
methods.
Until now, Nepal has not had any regulations or documents of its own setting out either requirements
or good practice for achieving satisfactory strength in buildings.
In late 1991 the MHPP and UNCHS requested proposals for the development of such regulations and
documents from international organisations in response to terms of reference prepared by a panel of
experts.
this document has been prepared by the subcontractor's team working within the Department of
Building, the team including members of the Department and the MHPP. As part of the proposed
management and implementation strategy, it has been prepared so as to conform with the general
presentation requirements of the Nepal Bureau of Standards and Metrology.
The subproject has been undertaken under the aegis of an Advisory Panel to the MHPP.
The Advisory Panel consisted of :
Mr. UB Malla, Joint Secretary, MHPP Chairman
Director General, Department of Building
(Mr. LR Upadhyay) Member
Mr. AR Pant, Under Secretary, MHPP Member
Director General, Department of Mines & Geology
(Mr. PL Shrestha) Member
Director General, Nepal Bureau of Standards & Metrology
(Mr. PB Manandhar) Member
Dean, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University
(Dr. SB Mathe) Member
Project Chief, Earthquake Areas Rehabilitation &
Reconstruction Project Member
President, Nepal Engineers Association Member
Law Officer, MHPP (Mr. RB Dange) Member
Representative, Society of Consulting Architectural &
Engineering Firms (SCAEF) Member
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4. NBC111VO.RV2 7December 1993
Representative, Society of Nepalese Architects (SONA) Member
Deputy Director General, Department of Building,
(Mr. JP Pradhan) Member-Secretary
The Subcontractor was BECA WORLEY INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS LTD. of New
Zealand in conjunction with subconsultants who included :
Golder Associates Ltd., Canada
SILT Consultants P. Ltd., Nepal
TAEC Consult (P.) Ltd., Nepal
Urban Regional Research, USA
Principal inputs to this standard came from :
Mr. RD Jury, BECA
Revisions and Updated to this code came from :
Mr. Purna P. Kadariya, DG, DUDBC
Mr. Kishore Thapa, DDG, DUDBC
Mr. Mani Ratna Tuladhar, Sr. DIV. Engineer, DUDBC
Mr. Jyoti Prasad Pradhan, Ex.DG, DOB
Mr. Bhubaneswor Lal Shrestha, Ex. DDG, DOB
Mr. Uttam Shrestha, Architect, Architects' Module Pvt. Ltd.
Mr. Manohar Lal Rajbhandhari, Sr. Structural Engineer, Mr Associates
Mr. Amrit Man Tuladhar, Civil Engineer, DUDBC
ii
5. NBC111VO.RV2 7December 1993
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ..................................................................................................................................................... i
0 Foreword.................................................................................................................................. iv
1 Scope.......................................................................................................................................... 1
NEPAL AMENDMENTS TO IS 800 – 1984 .............................................................. 1
SECTION 0...................................................................................................................... 1
SECTION 1-GENERAL .................................................................................................... 1
SECTION 2 – MATERIALS .............................................................................................. 2
SECTION 3 – GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ......................................................... 2
SECTION 10.................................................................................................................... 4
SECTION 12.................................................................................................................... 4
SECTION 13 -PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN .......................................................... 4
iii
6. NBC111VO.RV2 7December 1993
0 Foreword
This Nepal Standard comprises the Indian Code IS 800-1984 Code of practice for General
Construction in Steel (Second Revision) with amendments as set out herein. These amendments
have been necessary to ensure compatibility with the Nepal Standard- Seismic Design of
Buildings in Nepal.
References to Indian material codes have been left unaltered until such time as appropriate
Nepal Standards are developed.
Extensive use of the New Zealand Standard NZS 3404 : 1977 Code for Design of Steel
Structures have been made in the preparation of Section 13.
iv
7. NBC111VO.RV2 7December 1993
1 Scope
NEPAL AMENDMENTS TO IS 800 – 1984
Section 0 Delete clauses 0.1 through to 0.5 inclusively
Section 1 - General
1.1.1 Delete 1.1.1 and substitute :
1.1.1 This standard applies to general construction in steel. This standard does not
apply to the following structures and materials:
(a) bridges
(b) cranes
(c) tanks
(d) transmission towers
(e) materials less than 3 mm thick
(f) cold-formed light gauge sections
1.1.2 Replace "code" with "standard"
1.1.3 Replace "code" with "standard"
Replace IS 875-1964 with NBC 103-2050 and NBC 104-2050
1.1.4 Add new clause :
1.1.4 In this standard the word "shall" indicates a requirement that must be
adopted in order to comply with the Standard.
1.2 Replace "code" with "standard".
1.3 Replace "code" with "standard".
1.4 Replace IS 456-1976 with NBC 110-2050
Replace IS 1893-1975 with NBC 105-2050
1.5 Delete 1.5 and substitute :
1.5 Units and Conversion Factors – The SI system of units is applicable to this
standard.
1.7 Delete 1.7 and substitute :
1.7 Design and supervision
1.7.1 Design
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8. NBC111VO.RV2 7December 1993
The design of a structure or part of a structure to which this standard is
applied shall be the responsibility of a engineer (referred herein as
Design Engineer or his representative) experienced in the design of such
structures.
1.7.2 Supervisor
All stages of construction of a structure or part of a structure to which the
standard is applied shall be adequately supervised to ensure that all
requirements of the design are satisfied in the completed structure.
Supervision shall be the responsibility of either :
(a) the Design Engineer, or
(b) an engineer experienced in such supervision.
Section 2 – Materials
2.1 Replace "code" with "standard"
2.1.2 Add new clause :
2.1.2 The maximum value of ƒy to be used in application of this Standard shall
be 450 MPa.
Section 3 – General Design Requirements
3.1.1.1 Replace "IS 875 – 1964" with NBC 103-2050 and NBC 104-2050.
3.1.1.4 Replace "IS 1893 – 1975" with NBC 105-2050 and NBC 104-2050.
3.2.1 8th line, replace "code" with "standard".
3.2.2 4th line, replace "India" with "Nepal".
[Will require preparation of maps for Nepal to replace those in Appendix A]
3.4.2.2 Delete 3.4.2.2 and substitute :
3.4.2.2 Wind loads and earthquake loads need not be assumed to act
simultaneously.
3.4.5 9th line, replace "code" with "standard".
3.4.6 9th line, replace "code" with "standard".
3.9.2.1 Delete and substitute :
2
9. NBC111VO.RV2 7December 1993
3.9.2.1 Wind and Earthquake Loads
(a) Structural steel and steel castings – when the effect of wind or
earthquake load is taken in to account, the permissable stresses
specified may be increased by not more than 33.3 percent except
for the permissable shear stresses which shall not be exceeded by
more than 25 percent. The values of the expressions given in
Section 7 shall not exceed 1.33.
(b) Rivets and bolts – when the effect of wind or earthquake load is
taken in to account, the permissible stresses specified may be
increased by not more than 25 percent.
3.11 Delete and substiute :
3.11.1 Earthquake forces
The design of structures to resist earthquakes shall be in accordance with
the Nepal Standard – Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal and Section
13 of this Standard.
3.11.2 Lateral Restraint
In buildings where high-speed travelling cranes are supported by the
structure, or where a building or structure is otherwise subjected to
vibration or sway, triangulated bracing, rigid portal systems or other
suitable systems shall be provided to reduce bivration or sway to suitable
minimum.
3.11.3 Foundations
The foundations of a building or other structure shall be designed to
provide the lateral rigidity and strength assumed in the design of the
superstructure and to transfer the lateral forces to the soil.
3.12.1.2 Correct spelling of "repair".
Add a new clause :
3.12.1.3 Eccentric Loading
Where a load is applied eccentrically on a flange of a supporting steel
beam, the beam and its connections shall be designed for torsion; unless
the beam is encased in concrete and reinforced in combination with an
adjoining floor slab in such a way as to present the beam from deforming
torsionally.
3
10. NBC111VO.RV2 7December 1993
3.13.2 Add an additional clause :
3.12.2.3 Deflection Limits
Under the application of the earthquake design forces the deflections
shall not exceed the limits given in NBC 105-2050, Seismic Design of
Buildings in Nepal.
3.14 Add additional clause :
3.14.4 Separate Structures
All parts of a structure separated by expansion joints shall be considered
as separate structures for the purposes of providing lateral restraint to
resist earthquake frames.
Section 10 Add after the heading a sentence reading :
This Section shall apply only to secondary (i.e. non seismic resisting) members.
Section 12 After Section 12 add a new section :
Section 13 - Provisions for Seismic Design
13.1 Ductile Moment-Resisting Frames
13.1.1 General
Moment-resisting frames for which a value of K = 1.0 is to be used in the
assessment of the earthquake design forces shall be detailed in
accordance with 13.1.
13.1.2 Steels
Steel with a specified minimum yield stress not exceeding 360 MPa shall
be used. Cold-formed sections which have not been normalised shall not
be used.
13.1.3 Plastic Hinge Formation in Beams
For the purposes of 13.1, plastic hinges in beams shall be assumed to
form be used. Cold-formed sections which have not been normalised
shall not be used.
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11. NBC111VO.RV2 7December 1993
13.1.4 Lateral Restraint
Positions of beams where plastic hings may form during inelastic
displacements of the frame, and all columns shall comply with 9.2.10.
The remaining portions of the beams shall comply with 6.6.
13.1.5 Effective Lengths of Columns and Stability
The effective length used in determining the slenderness ratio of a loaded
column shall be based on the assumption that the frame depends on its
own bending stiffness to provide the lateral stability of the structure, as
specified in 5.2.2, even if bracing or shear walls are provided elsewhere
in the structure.
13.1.6 Plastic Hinge Formation and Column Strength
Multi-storey frames should be designed so as to ensure that plastic hinge
formation in the columns is minimised. To this end, it is suggested that in
frames over five storeys in height columns should be proportioned for
actions calculated in accordance with the Nepal Standard – Seismic
Design of Buildings in Nepal, taking K = 1.25. This will provide some
reserve in the columns but will not necessarily prevent some plastic
hinging in the columns.
13.1.7 Connections
Each beam connected to a column shall be designed either to resist 1.25
times the design actions in the connected members, or the actions
resulting from applications of design forces calculated using K = 4,
whichever is less. Clause 9.2.1 shall apply, except that stiffeners shall
extend over the full depth between flanges and shall be butt-welded to
both flanges.
13.1.8 Concrete Encasement of Steel Frames
The effects of concrete-encasement and floor slabs on frame stiffness
shall be considered.
13.1.9 Column Splices
Splices in columns should be located within the middle half of the storey
height.
13.1.10 Weld Testing
All tension butt-welds between members shall be non-destructively
tested unlesss the rejection rate of completed welds is consistently less
than 5 percent, in which case the testing rate may be reduced to 25
percent of the welds.
5
12. NBC111VO.RV2 7December 1993
13.2 Ductile Braced Frames
13.2.1 General
Diagonally-braced frames for which a value of K = 2.0 or a steel bracing
member for which a valud K = 1.0 is to be used in the assessment of the
earthquake design forces shall be detailed in accordance with 13.2.
13.2.2 Relative Strengths
Members, connections and foundations should be designed and
proportioned so that the bracing reaches its actual yield load with an
appropriate allowance for strain hardening before the associated columns
reach their buckling load or before any connections between members
and the foundations reach their ultimate strength. However, under no
circumstances shall either the columns or the connections be designed for
less than 1.25 times the design actions in the braces, provided that these
actions need not be taken larger than those resulting from the use of
K = 4.
13.2.3 Mixed Systems
Frames which resist horizontal loads by a mixed system of axially loaded
members and flexural members shall also comply with the requirements
of 13.1.
6