2. DEFINITION
Toxoplasmosis is a disease
caused by a parasite, and it's
usually acquired by the parasite
getting into the body by the
mouth (by eating undercooked
meat). If the parasite infects a
pregnant woman, it can also
infect a woman's fetus.
3. TORCH Syndrome:
Infection of a fetus by any of a group
of infectious agents which have
been transmitted from the mother
through the placenta. The infections
include toxoplasmosis, rubella,
cytomegalovirus, herpes virus,
hepatitis and syphilis. The severity
and nature of symptoms is
determined by the type of infection.
4. CAUSES
• Toxoplasmosis
• Rubella
• Cytomegalovirus
virus
• Herpes virus
• Sexually
transmitted
diseases
liposuction
• Infliximab
• Mexiletine
RISK FACTORS
consumption of
undercooked
meat
consumption of
raw eggs
exposure to cat
feces and cat
litter
insects (like flies)
that have been
in contact with
6. Transmission:
These parasites spread with a dog or
cat feces. Another is through the
spread of flies, cockroaches or
other insects that descend the dirt
and then stick to the food or on
vegetables which when not properly
cooked can be transmitted to
humans. Can also be spread
through undercooked meat when
cooked.
7.
8. Effect:
The fetus is infected with
this disease can cause
miscarriage or stillbirth. It
can also cause
abnormalities in fetus.
11. Cause: Rubella virus. It is also known as
German measles
Transmission: The media is transmitted via
respiratory, saliva, sweat, blood or sexual
relationship of people with other rubella.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Low grade fever
Sorethroat
Rash- pale or bright red
Swollen neck glands
16. EFFECTS
• Microcephaly Or hydrocephaly
• Spastic quadriplegia
• Psychomotar retardation
• Deafness
• Hepatospleenomegaly
• Thrombocytopenia
• The virus sheds through an infected
fetus for prolonged period
34. Effects on pregnancy
Mother- accelerates the course of HIV
Fetus-
T.pallidum enters the fetal circulation
after 20th
week
35. PATHOLOGY
Obliterating arteritis-
An extreme degree of proliferating
endarteritis that closes the lumen of
the artery. Also called obliterating
arteritis
Perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes
and plasma cells
Increased connective tissue, leading to
bulky uterus and villi
Increased cellularity in villi
36. Fate of fetus
Abortion
Preterm labour
Intrauterine death leading to maceration
Still bith
Highly infected neonate
Congenital syphilis
42. Sabre shins
Sabre shins, or
anterior tibial
bowing, results
from chronic
periosteal
inflammation of
untreated early
congenital
syphilis
43. Varicella zoster virus
The virus can cross the placenta and
cause congenital or neonatal chickenpox
Congenital varicella syndrome is
charecterised by hypoplasia of limb,Limb
deformity, Chorioidoretinal scarring
44. Diagnosis
Varicella polymerase chain reaction test of DNA
from vesicular fluid
ELISA detects specific Ig G and IgM.
Prevention
Varicella zoster immunoglobulin
Treatment
Oral acyclovir with in 24 hours of rash reduses the
duration of illness and prevents congenital
infection
45. Parvo virus
Caused by Parvo virus B19(DNA)
Transmission-
Tansplacentally in 33%
Effects
Anaemia
Aplastic crises
Congenital heart failure
Hydrops
Fetal loss
