There are three common states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases. Solids have a definite shape and volume, liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container, and gases have no definite shape or volume. Additionally, there are two less common states: plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. Plasma is the state of matter that makes up 99% of the visible universe and occurs at extremely high temperatures. Bose-Einstein condensate is a fifth state of matter that occurs at very low temperatures, near absolute zero, where groups of atoms behave as a single particle.

1. States of Matter If you squeezed a small but delicious packet of fancy ketchup, how would it change? If you squeezed a baseball, how would it change? What could this tell you about the properties of solids and liquids?

2. Describing the States of Matter There are three states of matter we see and use the most on Earth. We categorize materials as solids, liquids, and gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite or variable. Shape and volume are clues to how the particles within a material are arranged.

3. States of Matter We (on Earth) use 3 the most often, but there are actually 5! PLASMA GAS LIQUID SOLID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE

4. PLASMA 99% of all matter is in this phase Occurs at VERY high temperatures, like those on the sun

5. BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE: The Beginning Using an idea from Bose’s paper about the behavior of light, Einstein applied the idea to matter under certain conditions In 1995 (!), after Einstein’s death, scientists produced this 5 th phase of matter & it behaved just as Einstein had predicted decades before!

6. Occurs near –273 degrees C Groups of atoms behave as a single particle Also called a BEC BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE

7. STATES OF MATTER Both volume and shape distinguish states of matter. LIQUID a.Definite b.Definite shape volume SOLID GAS c. Variable d. Variable shape Volume

8. Describing the States of Matter SOLIDS A solid is a state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and a definite volume. The shape or volume will not change.

9. Describing States of Matter LIQUIDS A liquid always has the same shape as its container and can be poured from one container to another. Liquid is the state of matter in which a material has definite volume but not a definite shape.

10. Describing States of Matter GASES Gas is a state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. A gas takes the shape and volume of its container.

11. What is going on at the particle level to make matter behave this way? Check out the info on pp 71-4.