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Starting agriculture work in a developing country 4-6-12
- 1. Mexico & Mongolia: Starting agriculture work in a developing country Dr. Lynn Brandenberger Department of Horticulture Oklahoma State University
- 2. Getting Started • Contacts • Learning about the country • Deciding how to help • Sticking with it • Funding
- 3. Same & Different • People – Understanding Oats Mexican Style – Respect • Desires • Agriculture –Basics same –How it’s done
- 4. • Networking Contacts • Many venues – Govt. funded projects – NGOs • FAS • Faith-based • Social-based • USAID • Agricultural-based • Familiar with: • FAO – Hunger Relief International – FARM • UNICEF – Vet Net – JCS – Sembradores de Cristo
- 5. • Websites to check out Learning About – U.S. State Department the Country • http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw /cis_pa_tw_1168.html – Central Intelligence Agency • https://www.cia.gov/library/publication s/the-world-factbook/index.html • Safety in travel—listen to host • Mexico – Population: 114,975,406 – Mean age: 27 – Language: Spanish – Landmass: 1,964,375 sq km • Mongolia – Population: 1,300,000 – Mean age: 26 – Language: Mongolian, Russian – Landmass: 1,564,116 sq km
- 6. Deciding How to Help • Your expertise • Clientele’s needs – Their perception of needs – Your perceptions – Discuss prior to visit – Flexibility • Adjust after seeing • Don’t show up with a ridged plan • Be prepared
- 7. Sticking With It • Few need just one visit – First visits are often • Relationship building • Fact finding & planning • Some addressing of needs – Successive visits • Building trust • Addressing needs • You’ll need to consider – Don’t spread yourself too thin – How to fund visits • Sources – Clientele – Agencies – Self
- 8. Word of Caution Be on the look out for craziness in your traveling companions
- 10. A LAND BETWEEN TWO GIANTS 1206 1924 Mongolia Formed by Chinggis Khan Mongolian People’s Republic 1279 1987 Kublai Khan Conquers China Relations Opened with U.S. 1691-1910 1990 Mongolia Controlled by China Mongolia Becomes Independent Parliamentary Republic 1912-1919 Russian Protectorate 1919-1921 China Controls Mongolia 1921 Mongolia Claims Independence
- 12. Traditional Mongolian House “GER” Gers are covered with felt made from sheep’s wool
- 13. Many Mongolians wear their traditional dress during the national holiday of Naadam
- 14. Meat & flour products are the main traditional food of Mongolians
- 16. MONGOLIAN AGRICULTURE Preferred Herding Meat-Milk-Fiber Production During Chinggis Khan’s Time Farming is encouraged
- 17. WORLDWIDE HUNGER IS INCREASING
- 18. A HEALTHY AGRICULTURE SYSTEM IS VITAL Abundant inexpensive food stabilizes societies Mongolia is an FAO low income food deficit country Secure food system means a secure country Mongolia exports meat and imports food crops
- 19. DORNOD AGRICULTURE KOICA site in Khalkhgol Mongolian Interstate
- 20. FARM’S AGRICULTURAL EFFORT Family Agriculture Resources Mongolia Sea buckthorn Hoop house vegetables FARM Director
- 21. MEXICO: It’s Captured My Heart
- 22. Agriculture Near Palmas Altas Oats Mexican Style
- 23. Zacatecas: High & Dry
- 24. Agriculture Near Monte Escobedo
- 25. Folks in Laguna Grande
- 26. AGRICULTURE A DRIVING FORCE AGRICULTURE is Complex and Difficult to Address FOOD PRODUCTION is Tied to Technology Adoption AGRICULTURE Has a Large Multiplication Effect
- 27. 2012 PLANS OSU Study Abroad Course Introduce Students to Mongolia Natural Culture Industries Resources FARM Service Work Drip Possible Irrigation Variety Project Trials MIU Service Work Turf Test Plots
- 28. References & Acknowledgements http://tinyurl.com/24p4f8h Historical information http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis_ pa_tw_1168.html Cultural information https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/th e-world-factbook/index.html Geographic information Special thanks to Orgilbayar Zorigt Mongolia International University for several slides
Editor's Notes
- Extreme continental climateAverage temp 26oFWinter (8 mo)Summer (100-120 days)257 clear days/yearDry (8 to 9 inches/year) Climate a result ofLand-locked between China & SiberiaHigh altitude average 5,214 ft. elevationClimatic regions N to S includeTaiga, Steppe, Desert
- 1206 Mongolia formed by Chinggis Khan1279-1368 Kublai Khan conquers & rules ChinaMuch of Europe & Asia conquered1691-1910 Mongolia controlled by China1912-19 Russian protectorate1919-21 China controls Mongolia1921 Mongolia claims independence from China1924 Mongolian People’s republic (a communist regime)1987 relations opened with U.S.1990 Mongolia becomes independent parliamentary republic
- Mongolian agriculture:preferred herding to growing cropsProduction ofMeat-Milk-Fiber productsDuring Chinggis Khan’s timeFarming and farmers held in low regardBut . . .Once advantages realizedFarming was actually encouraged
- 2005-2007 hunger increasedPrimarily due to rising food costsPeople at highest risk for hungerPoor in developing countriesHunger health risksReduced caloric intakeReduced dietary diversity2002 UNICEF nutritional surveyHigh % of young Mongolian women & children had micronutrient deficienciesSerious risk for health problems
- Secure food systemMeans a secure countryMongolia Net exporter of meatLong history of animal productionImporter of food cropsWheatFruits & VegetablesIt’s evident from historyAbundant inexpensive food stabilizes societiesMongolia is currently listed as:FAO low income food deficit country
- Dornod is in eastern MongoliaDuring Russian eraMajor production areaCollective farmsNatural resourcesGood soilsWater from rivers & lakesKOICA project atMr. Hwang working on site in Khalkhgol
- FARM: Family Agriculture Resources MongoliaMongolian NGOAgronomistsTeaching displaced herders fruit & vegetable farming3 yr processObtain 15 acres from Govt.Teach farming, food preservation, marketingForm cooperative at end of training
- Ag is complex & difficult to addressIncludes host of related systems & disciplinesFood production tied to:Adoption of technologiesMechanizationIrrigationImproved geneticsCrop cultureBecause it’s complexAgriculture has a large multiplication effect
- OSU study abroad courseIntroduce students to MongoliaCultureNatural resourcesIndustriesService work with FARMEducational programDrip irrigation projectPossible variety trialsMIU short coursesProtective clothing courseOthers?