Presentation on Tree Diversity Day, 11 October 2012, at the 11th CBD Conference of Parties in Hyderabad, India

1. The benefits of native Garcinia and
Mangifera species in South and South
East Asia
showcasing integrated approach for on-farm (in situ)
conservation and use in practice
Biodiversity and Development COP11
11 October 2012!
Hugo Lamers & Bhuwon Sthapit
!

2. Outline presentation!
• Importance and benefits of tropical fruit tree diversity
• Where is diversity found; focus of the project
• On-farm/in-situ conservation; why and how?
• CBM approach, methods and tools
• Garcinia & Mangifera in Western Ghats India
• Take home message

3. Three type of benefits from TFT diversity!
"
"
" • Fundamental source for new seedling material
Global" through open pollination and human & natural
selection"
Local" • Eco-system services (pollination, lower pest &
disease pressure)"
"
• Risk management (economic, agronomic resilience)"
Private"
• Source of food items (nutritional diversity)"
• Source of non-food items"
• Source of income"

4. Context: Diverse production systems
conserving tree genetic resources!!
1. Natural forest systems- "
wild species" In-situ"
2. Buffer zones in
protected forests"
3. Community forestry/
economic forest"
On-farm"
4. Home gardens"
5. Semi-commercial
orchards"
6. Commercial orchards"
7. Field gene banks" Ex-situ"
Tropical Fruit Tree Diversity!

5. Why on-farm/in-situ conservation of PGR?!
"
" • Allows the evolutionary process to create new
" diversity through geneflow and human and natural
Global" selection "
• Enables interaction with other species and vital functions
within agro-ecosystems (provision of eco-system
Local" services like pollination)"
• Conserves and updates the cultural and traditional
" knowledge that is associated with the species or
varieties about its uses, values and characteristics"
• Recognizes farmers’ rights - farmers as breeders"
Private"
• Fruit tree species are recalcitrant – seeds loose
germination power in cold ex-situ storage – field gene
banks always lack space"

6. On-farm/in-situ conservation through use!
"
• What are the benefits of TFT for rural communities?"
• Why do people maintain diversity?"
• Who/what are the driving forces or threats?"
• How is TFT diversity conserved on-farm/in-situ?!
• How to strengthen and support these practices?!
How to intervene?!

7. Community Biodiversity Management
key outputs, tools, process & outcomes !
Agricultural & natural
biodiversity! Knowledge,
skills &
values
Conservation!
Governance, Farm
Rules & CBM strategies &
Regulations, Social Poverty activities
Recognition
Driving force! inclusion reduction ! (SLA)
Social & Livelihood benefits
institutional & income!
empowerment !

8. Community Biodiversity Management!
Process-led approach:"
• Consolidating local institutions’ and farmers’
roles"
• 9 steps from site selection to value addition"
Methods & tools:"
• Four Cell Analysis"
• Fruit Catalogue/CBR"
• Diversity fair"
• Community seed bank"
• Participatory variety
Type of Activities:" selection/breeding"
• Documenting diversity" • Identify good practices"
• Creating awareness" • Identify custodian
• Set-up local nurseries" farmers"
Ok, but how is it done in the field?
• Capacity building" ! • Diversity Fund"
• Added value activities " • Rapid Market Appraisal"

9. Western Ghats in India one of 34 hotspots
of biodiversity!
1.165 Households
• Salkani Cluster!
• Kuliveedu Cluster!
• Kumta Cluster !
India
Karnataka
State
U.ara
Kannada
dist

10. Mosaic of landscapes: with patches of agricultural land and forests

11. 1. Agricultural biodiversity:
Diversity assessment & introduction
CBM
of wild species in home gardens!

12. 2. Network of grafting experts to
CBM conserve the knowledge along
unique fruit tree diversity!

13. 3. Social & Institutional empowerment:
Village forest committees, betta-land
CBM
regulations and the right of harvesting!

14. 4. Livelihood benefits & income:
Product innovation & sales of traditional mango
CBM
pickle and kokum jam by local women groups!

15. Intermediate outcomes & impact 2012!
1. Diversity and related knowledge assessed and documented; 48
mango varieties, 3 Garcinia species, "
"
2. Conservation action identified and put in place through grafting
experts"
3. Village forest committees obtained for first time the right to join
tender and won right of harvesting in buffer zone forest in 2012"
"
4. High demand for mango appe midi saplings by local farming
households, just as white type of G. indica"
4. Women self help groups directly involved in the development and
launch of new products like jam, pickle, candles, soap & instant
powder for kokum juice"

16. Study sites (4 countries; 22 sites; 36
communities; 15,000 HHs)!
https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?
msid=214369556852953217892.00049798000cf458ac970&msa=0

17. Flyers produced
Local food
!
culture
Side grafting Thailand!
Thailand!
Promoting
Aroi-aroi
Malaysia!

18. Way forward and take home message!
• Not everywhere - works best in diversity hotspots"
• CBM is challenging & requires shift in paradigm "
• CBM is long-term effort – need more research in
sentinel sites "
• The only holistic & community-based approach to date"
• If implemented successfully, it conserves biodiversity
while creating multiple benefits such as increased
incomes, lower income & harvest risks, enhance eco-
system services, improved nutrition, strengthen local
institutions, gender equality, recognition of
custodianship and resilient communities"

19. Thank you!
!
Hugo Lamers !
Socio-economics & marketing !
Bioversity International
!
!
With many thanks for:! www.bioversityinternational.org !
Dr. Vasudeva (College of Forestry, Sirsi)! www.fruits4ever.net !
Mr. Narasimha Hegde (Lifetrust, Sirsi! http://tft.atbioversity.net
!
Dr. Gajanana (IIHR, Bangalore)!