This document compares opening a small Chinese restaurant versus a Subway franchise fast food restaurant. Several decision making methods are used to evaluate the options: 1. A fishbone diagram is created to identify potential problems for each business, such as competition, suppliers, food safety issues, and lack of training. 2. A decision tree shows that based on possible profit outcomes, the Chinese restaurant has a higher expected profit of $16,624 per week compared to $20,600 for Subway. 3. A sensitivity analysis reveals that Subway would have higher profits if utility exceeds 3.5. However, additional Subway fees reduce the weekly profit to $16,525, making the Chinese restaurant more profitable.

1. Standards Graphic Organizer
December 13, 2015
National Board of Professional Teaching Standards
Council for Exceptional Children
TASC
Learning
Teachers need to be committed to helping students advance
their knowledge and skills in all areas of content such as math,
science, language arts, and social studies.
(www.nbpts.org).
Promoting meaningful and inclusive participation of
individuals with exceptionalities in the school. Help develop the
highest possible learning outcomes for students
(www.cec.sped.org).
Teacher will understand how learners grow and develop,
recognizing that patterns of learning and development vary
individually within and across the cognitive, linguistic, social,

2. emotional, and physical areas, and designs and implements
developmentally appropriate and challenging learning
experiences. They will display an understanding of diverse
cultures as well (www.ccsso.org)
Content Knowledge
Teachers share their knowledge of content in all core subject
areas and they teach it to their students (www.nbpts.org).
Teachers will use evidence, instructional data, research, and
professional knowledge to enrich the students’ content
knowledge in all core subject matter (www.cec.sped.org).
The teacher understands the main concepts, tools of inquiry, and
the structures of discipline. They create learning experiences
that make the discipline accessible and meaningful for students
to assure mastery of the content. The teacher knows how to
connect concepts and use a variety of perspectives to engage
learners in critical thinking, creativity, and collaborative
problem solving related to authentic local and global issues.
(www.ccsso.org).
Instructional Practices
In the classroom structure the teachers will enhance the
students’ quality of life potential in a way that is respectful to
all students’ dignity, culture, language, and background
(www.cec.sped.org).
The teacher will use many different methods of assessing the

3. student’s progress and growth. Teacher provides lessons that
support students in meeting individualized goals. Using
knowledge about content, curriculum, pedagogy, cross-
disciplinary skills, and community context. They understand
many teaching strategies. Encouraging learners to have a deep
understanding of all content areas. Helping students making
connections, and to build skills to apply knowledge in
meaningful ways (www.ccsso.org).
Professional Responsibility
Teachers are responsible for managing and monitoring the
students’ progress of learning (www.nbpts.org).
Protecting and supporting the physical and psychological safety
of individuals with exceptionalities. Advocating for
professional conditions and resources that will improve learning
outcomes of students with exceptionalities. Improving the
profession through active participation in professional
organizations. (www.cec.sped.org).
Continuing to develop professionally, and uses evidence to
evaluate their practice. They are to adapt practices to meet the
individual needs of each learner. Display professional
responsibility in regards to choices and actions that effect
students, families, and other professionals (www.ccsso.org).
Learning: Promoting meaningful and inclusive participation of
individuals with exceptionalities in the school. Help develop the
highest possible learning outcomes for students. Teachers’ can
do this by following a student’s individualized education plan.
Each student will have different learning needs and learning
styles. When introducing a topic to the students make sure that
the lesson can be adapted and modified to each child in the
room. For example the students are learning about the natural
resources. Have the students show what products we get from

4. trees, wool, and corn. If the student that is not able to cut and
paste pictures, because they have low to no fine motor skills,
you can have them do other choices. If the student does not
have verbal skills, then they may be able to do it on the smart
board (with unique curriculum) or on their individual tablet. If a
student is not able to either of this and they have verbal skills
they can tell the teacher and she can manipulate the objects for
them.
Professional responsibility: It is very important for teachers to
help support the physical and psychological safety of
individuals with exceptionalities. We need to be advocates for
students with exceptionalities. According to Kling, we also need
to teach the students to be self-advocates as well. We need to
show the students how to ask for what the need, teach them that
they have a voice and we will act on their behalf, tell them what
they are entitled to, and set goals for the students and how they
can obtain them (Kling 2000). Teaching the students to help
themselves and showing them how to ask for help shows that
the teacher is promoting both physical and psychological safety
as well.
Instructional practices: In the classroom structure the teachers
will enhance the students’ quality of life by showing respect to
all students. Showing acceptance of their diverse cultures,
backgrounds, and languages. In the classroom the teacher will
want to provide many different strategies to present lessons to
the students. First, for the exceptional students the teacher can
use the smart board and use the unique curriculum that is geared
to their needs. Second, the teacher will also need to work one
on one with each student as well to help them achieve their
goals for the. Third, the teacher can put the students in groups
to work on a task or project. No matter what strategies the
teacher uses they need to remember to use the best practices,
and to have the student placed in a least restrictive environment
(www.teachingresources.uregina.net).

5. Resources
Kling, B. Assert Yourself: Helping Students of all ages develop
self -advocacy skills. Teaching Exceptional Children, 30(3)
66-67.
www.cec.sped.org Retrieved on April, 16, 2015
www.ccsso.org Retrieved on April 17, 2015
www.nbpts.org Retrieved on April 15, 2015
www.teachingresources.uregina.net Retrieved on April 18, 2015
Use decision making methods on purchasing problem.
Louis Vuitton VS. Chanel.
Slide 1
Louis Vuitton Malletier, commonly referred to as Louis
Vuitton,or shortened to LV, is a French fashion house founded
in 1854 by Louis Vuitton. The label's LV monogram appears on
most of its products, ranging from luxury trunks and leather
goods to ready-to-wear, shoes, watches, jewelery, accessories,
sunglasses and books.

6. Chanel S.A. is also French. And it is a high fashion house that
specializes in haute couture and ready-to-wear clothes, luxury
goods and
fashion accessories.
Slide 2
As we know, LV and Chanel has competed with each other for
decades.
Both of them are selling luxury goods, For me, I like their
handbags mostly. Also, all products in these two brands are
very expensive, but with good quality and very attractive
special design.
For me, the problems here is how to select a handbag between
these two brand.
Slide 3
For some people, this may not be a problem, but for a woman,
this can be a very tough decision to make.
So, I will take this example and use these three methods to help
me to make a decision.
I am going to use the Semi-lexicographic Strategy, Probability
Tree,and Decision Tree
Slide4
So, what is the Semi-lexicographic Strategy?
Before this, let me help you to review what lexicographic
strategy is.
Lexicographic strategy is that decision maker need to rank the

7. attributes in order to of importance.
For example, in choosing a car, price may be more important
than size, or safety may be more important than top speed.
Slide 5
So, how to apply The Semi-lexicographic Strategy on our
problem? It is very simple.
First, we need to know your acceptable price gap.In this
circumstance, I can accept $1,000 gap.
Which means, If the price difference between LV and Chanel is
less than $1,000, then I will choose the one has better design.
Here we don’t put quality into consideration, because as I stated
previously, these two brands has the highest quality.
As we can see, the price gap between LV and Chanel is less
than $1,000,but the Chanel’s design is better than LV. So, we
will choose Chanel by using Semi-lexicographic Strategy.
Slide 6
Now we move the the next method - Probability Tree.
Let,s assume that both LV and Chanel has 85% chance to keep a
good quality for 20 years. And LV has 75% chance to increase
its handbag’s price, in other words, 25% chance the price will
decrease. On the other side, Chanel has 85% to increase
price.Notice that, If we buy the handbag now, and people know
the price will go up in the near future, they will definitely buy
it.
What we need to know is, the ratio that not only price will go
up but also has the good quality for 20 years. After Calculating,
we can easily know that Chanel handbag has more value than
LV’s.

8. Slide 7
If one day, we don’t want to keep this handbag, we can resell it.
In this circumstance, we can use decision tree to see which one
has the higher reselling price.
Let’s see the decision tree, usually, Handbags has two types,
limited and normal. From the chart we can see, for LV, we have
60% chance to earn $600 for reselling a limited handbag, and
85% chance to lose $1500 for reselling a normal one.
And for Chanel, we have 70% chance to earn $650 on limited
handbag, and 90% chance to lose $1300 on normal one.
As the result, to sell a Chanel handbag has a higher return.
Slide 8
According to the semi-lexicographic strategy we know that
when two branch’s handbag has similar price, Chanel’s design
is better than LV’s.
For the probability tree, Chanel’s handbag has a higher value
than LV’s.
And according to the decision tree, we can see that even
reselling, Chanel handbag has a higher return than LV’s.
So,the final decision here is to choose Chanel handbag.
Slide 9
For conclusion, As we can see that the Semi-lexicographic
Strategy, Probability Tree,and Decision Tree are really helped
us to make rational decision when we are purchasing. The
decision making methods are useful for not just daily
purchasing, but also like buying houses, cars, or even making
investments.

9. Make a Decision between Louis Vuitton handbags and Chanel
handbags
Jinjie Le
BackgroundLouis Vuitton Malletier- commonly referred to as
Louis Vuitton, or shortened to LV
- French
- founded in 1854 by Louis Vuitton
-ranging from: ranging from luxury trunks and leather goods
to ready-to-wear, shoes, watches, jewelery, accessories,
sunglasses and booksChanel S.A
-French
-a high fashion house
-specializes in haute couture and ready-to-wear clothes,
luxury goods and fashion accessories.
Mashable,Inc. 2015. Retrieved from
http://mashable.com/category/louis-vuitton/
MillionaireMatch. 2015. Retrieved from
http://www.millionairematch.com/luxury/the-luxury-fashion-
brands-list/
Problem StatementLV and Chanel has competed with each other
for decades
Both of them are selling luxury goods, especially handbags
High price, good quality, special design
Problem:

10. Which one should I choose?
Methods
The Semi-lexicographic Strategy
Probability Tree
Decision Tree
The Semi-lexicographic StrategyWhat is the Semi-lexicographic
Strategy?
-First, let me help you to review what is lexicographic
-lexicograpic strategy: decision maker needs to rank the
attributes in order to of importanceSemi-lexicographic Strategy
differs from lexicographic Strategy
-if the performance of alternatives on an attribute is similar
-the decision maker considers them to be tied and moves on
to the next attribute
eg. Buying a Car
Goodwin,P. & Wright, G. (2004). Decision analysis
formanagement judgment. England.
Continued...How to apply The Semi-lexicographic Strategy on
our problem?
Assume: If the price difference between brands is less than
$1,000, choose the Better Design Product, otherwise choose the
cheaper
brand.BrandPriceQualityDesignLV$4,800HighMediumChanel$5

11. ,600HighAttractive
Probability Tree

12. LV-Quality is good for 20 years
Chanel-Quality is good for 20 years
0.85
0.85
Price Will go up in 2 years
Price Will go up in 2 years
Decrease in 2 years
Decrease in 2 years
0.75
0.25
0.85
0.15
0.75*0.85=0.663
0.85*0.85=0.7225
Thus: Chanel handbag has more value than LV’s
Decision Tree for Reselling
LV
Chanel
Limited Handbag
Limited Handbag
Normal Handbag
Normal Handbag
0.6
0.7
0.85
$600

13. -$1500
$650
-$1300
0.9
LV:
$600*0.6-$1,500*0.85= -$915
Chanel:
$650*0.7-$1,300*0.9= -$715
Final Decision According to the Semi-lexicographic Strategy
-the design of Chanel is more preferrdProbability Tree
-Chanel has a higher value than LVDecision Tree
-on Reselling Chanel and LV handbag, Chanel has a
higher reture
Final decision: Choose Chanel handbag
Conclusion and discussionThe Semi-lexicographic Strategy,
Probability Tree,and Decision Tree really help
Rational decision
Not just for daily purchasing
Buying houses, cars, or even making investments

14. ReferenceGoodwin,P. & Wright, G. (2004). Decision analysis
formanagement judgment. England. Mashable,Inc. 2015.
Retrieved from http://mashable.com/category/louis-
vuitton/MillionaireMatch. 2015. Retrieved from
http://www.millionairematch.com/luxury/the-luxury-fashion-
brands-list/Pictures retrieved
fromhttp://m.1688.com.au/site1/wap/au/1210105.shtmlhttps://w
ww.edgee.com/user/msnbc/chanel
Thank you!
Small Restaurant Vs. Franchise Fastfood
Lin Du
Introduction

15. What are you going to do after graduation?
-Stay or leave?
Stay
-Find a job or start you own business?
-Find a job? Hard!
-Start you own business? Which one?
BackgroundAccording to The Conversation US, Inc. (2015),
Graduate Careers Australia runs a large, annual survey of new
graduates to track what happens to them after university
-Over 100,000 graduates took part in the the survey
-only 68% of bechelor graduates from the class of 2014 had a
full-time job
-Lowest full-time employment rate for new graduates since
1982
How about our city Vancouver?
-According to Government of Canada:
61%
The Conversation US, Inc. (2015). Retrived from
http://theconversation.com/graduating-into-a-weak-job-market-
why-so-many-grads-cant-find-work-45222
Statement of Problem
Why don't we start our own business?
Make a decision between:
Own Restaurant and Franchise Fastfood?

16. VS.
Pictures Retrieved from
http://www.thedrum.com/news/2015/08/20/brand-day-subway
http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Restaurants-g186337-c11-
Liverpool_Merseyside_England.html
Description of decision making process
Fishbone Diagram
Decision Tree
Sensitive Analysis
Fishbone Diagram
Surroundings System
Safty
Parking Position Do not have IT Experts
Food safty
Competition Old version of POS
system
Low Profit
High Price improperly
advertised
Unfreshed Food Lack of training
Suppliers Skills

17. Decision Tree
Chinese Restaurant
Subway
High flow
Low flow
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.2
$11,416
$21,833
$8,00
$24,000
Chinese Restaurant:
$21,833*0.5+$11,416*0.5=$16,624
Subway:
$24,000*0.8+$8,000*0.2=$20,600
High flow
Low flow

18. Sensitive Analysis
$8,000
$24,000
$11,416
$20,833
Subway
Chinese Restaurant
3.5
Analysis:
According the Sensitive analysis we can see that:
-Before utility 3.5, Chinese restaurants is making more profit
than Subway
-After utility 3.5, Subwany is making way much more than the
Chinese restaurant
Thus:
A rational decision maker may choose Subway at this point
But...
Addtional Fees:
Subway:
Royalty-8% of total gross sales
Advertising-4.5% of total gross sales
License Fee-$1,500 per week
Profit comes to: $20,600*87.5%-15,00=$16,525 Per week
Chinese Restaurant: Profit = $16,624 per week
Franchise Direct. 2015. Retrieved from
http://www.franchisedirect.com/directory/subway/ufoc/915/

19. Furthermore
Capital Cost
Subway: Estimated total cost to start- $116,600 to $263,150
Chinese Restaurant: Estimated total cost to start- around
$100,000
Franchise Direct. 2015. Retrieved from
http://www.franchisedirect.com/directory/subway/ufoc/915/
Final Decision
According to:
Decision tree
-Chinese restaurant: $16,624
-Subway: $20,600
Sensitive Analysis
-Chinese Restaruant: point 0 to point 3.5 (Utility)
-Subway: After 3.5 (Utility)
Additional Fees + Capital Costs
Final decision: To open a Chinese restaurant is better than to
open a Subway.
Conclusion and Future disscusionFishbone diagram, decision
tree, and sensitive analysis are very good methods to help
people to make decisionsHowever, these three methods are not
perfectWhy?
These three methods are limited when we are dealing with
risks.So, which one will you choose when it contains risks? To
open a small restaurant or Subway franchise?

20. -For long term consideration, I believe that Subway will be
the better choise, because Subway has a higher brand awearness
than a new grown restaurant. Also, the failure rate of small
restaurant is more than 70% in Vancouver. Thus, when we put
risk into consideration, Subway will be the one we are going to
invest.
Reference
Franchise Direct. 2015. Retrieved from
http://www.franchisedirect.com/directory/subway/ufoc/915/
The Conversation US, Inc. (2015). Retrived from
http://theconversation.com/graduating-into-a-weak-job-market-
why-so-many-grads-cant-find-work-45222
Pictures retrieved from
http://www.thedrum.com/news/2015/08/20/brand-day-subway
http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Restaurants-g186337-c11-
Liverpool_Merseyside_England.html