This training provides supervisors with information about heat stress and protecting outdoor workers. It covers the health effects of heat stress like heat rash, heat cramps, and heat stroke. Supervisors learn how temperature and humidity impact the body's ability to regulate temperature. A heat stress policy and risk assessment process are recommended to control hazards and manage worker acclimatization, hydration, and work-rest cycles. Signs and symptoms of heat illness are outlined to guide first aid responses.
This document discusses heat stress and provides information on its causes, health effects, and methods for prevention and treatment. It describes disorders like heat stroke, heat exhaustion, and heat cramps and their symptoms. Engineering controls like ventilation, air cooling, fans, shielding and insulation can help control heat levels. An administrative program should also be implemented that includes training workers on heat stress hazards, recognition of danger signs, first aid, and encouraging acclimatization. Productivity and accuracy can be reduced at higher temperatures. Prevention methods include monitoring workers, providing cool drinking water, and adjusting work schedules during extreme heat.
This document provides training on heat-related illness for city employees who work outdoors. It defines different types of heat-related illness such as heat rash, heat syncope, heat exhaustion, heat cramps, and heatstroke. It discusses risk factors, signs and symptoms, and first aid treatments. It also covers topics like acclimatization, hydration, and the heat index chart used to determine risk levels based on temperature and humidity. The training recommends control measures, planning, and monitoring employees for signs of illness when risk levels are high according to the heat index.
This document discusses thermal stress from heat and cold. It defines heat and cold stress and notes their health effects like heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and hypothermia. Factors that can aggravate thermal stress are described as well as precautions like proper clothing, hydration, work/rest cycles, and engineering controls. The purpose is to reduce injuries from thermal stress through education on risk factors and handling common injuries.
Extreme temperatures can endanger human health and infrastructure. Thermal comfort is defined as satisfaction with one's thermal environment, and is impacted by environmental and personal factors. Heat stress and cold stress can cause illnesses like heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and hypothermia. Hazards of temperature extremes should be identified and assessed using tools like wet bulb globe thermometers. Prevention strategies include controlling the work environment through ventilation, shielding, or modifying processes, as well as using protective clothing, safe work practices, and worker acclimatization.
Heat Cold Stress Burns for occupational health and safety managementsaloni20502
Definition of Pressure
Boyles Law & Dalton's law of partial pressures
Sources of pressure hazards in the body
Boilers and Pressure Hazards
High-temperature water (HTW) hazards
Define and know hazards of Unfired Pressure Vessels
Diagram of a typical pressure vessel showing potential points for leakage or rupture.
Heat Stress Prevention Program Training by Washington State UniversityAtlantic Training, LLC.
This training program aims to protect employees from heat hazards by identifying risk factors, providing training, and properly responding to heat illnesses. It outlines environmental and personal risk factors for heat illness and responsibilities of supervisors and employees. When temperatures reach certain levels, employees working outdoors need protection. Signs and symptoms of heat rash, cramps, exhaustion, and stroke are described along with first aid responses. The document provides helpful tips for hydration, acclimation, clothing, scheduling work, and monitoring others for preventing heat-related illness.
SperScientific Dangers of not having a heat stress programMarshall Green
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This document provides information on preventing heat illness in the workplace. It outlines risk factors for heat illness, such as weather conditions, physical activity levels, and personal factors. Heat illness types include heat exhaustion and heat stroke. The body normally cools itself through sweating and increased blood flow to the skin, but these mechanisms can fail in extreme heat. To prevent heat illness, employers must provide training, access to water and shade, emergency response procedures, and supervise workers to monitor for symptoms. Supervisors are responsible for planning work to reduce heat risks, ensuring procedures are followed, and responding immediately to any signs of heat illness in workers.
This document discusses heat stress and provides information on its causes, health effects, and methods for prevention and treatment. It describes disorders like heat stroke, heat exhaustion, and heat cramps and their symptoms. Engineering controls like ventilation, air cooling, fans, shielding and insulation can help control heat levels. An administrative program should also be implemented that includes training workers on heat stress hazards, recognition of danger signs, first aid, and encouraging acclimatization. Productivity and accuracy can be reduced at higher temperatures. Prevention methods include monitoring workers, providing cool drinking water, and adjusting work schedules during extreme heat.
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This document discusses thermal stress from heat and cold. It defines heat and cold stress and notes their health effects like heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and hypothermia. Factors that can aggravate thermal stress are described as well as precautions like proper clothing, hydration, work/rest cycles, and engineering controls. The purpose is to reduce injuries from thermal stress through education on risk factors and handling common injuries.
Extreme temperatures can endanger human health and infrastructure. Thermal comfort is defined as satisfaction with one's thermal environment, and is impacted by environmental and personal factors. Heat stress and cold stress can cause illnesses like heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and hypothermia. Hazards of temperature extremes should be identified and assessed using tools like wet bulb globe thermometers. Prevention strategies include controlling the work environment through ventilation, shielding, or modifying processes, as well as using protective clothing, safe work practices, and worker acclimatization.
Heat Cold Stress Burns for occupational health and safety managementsaloni20502
Definition of Pressure
Boyles Law & Dalton's law of partial pressures
Sources of pressure hazards in the body
Boilers and Pressure Hazards
High-temperature water (HTW) hazards
Define and know hazards of Unfired Pressure Vessels
Diagram of a typical pressure vessel showing potential points for leakage or rupture.
Heat Stress Prevention Program Training by Washington State UniversityAtlantic Training, LLC.
This training program aims to protect employees from heat hazards by identifying risk factors, providing training, and properly responding to heat illnesses. It outlines environmental and personal risk factors for heat illness and responsibilities of supervisors and employees. When temperatures reach certain levels, employees working outdoors need protection. Signs and symptoms of heat rash, cramps, exhaustion, and stroke are described along with first aid responses. The document provides helpful tips for hydration, acclimation, clothing, scheduling work, and monitoring others for preventing heat-related illness.
SperScientific Dangers of not having a heat stress programMarshall Green
This document discusses the dangers of heat stress and the importance of having a heat management program. It notes that heat can kill and injure workers, and that hundreds die each year from heat-related illness in the US and other countries. The most common heat-related illnesses like heat rash, heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are described. Those most at risk are outdoor workers and athletes. Not having an effective heat monitoring and work/rest program can result in lawsuits, job loss, and even death, as heat illness is preventable. The document outlines how to use a WBGT meter to effectively monitor heat stress conditions and establish work/rest guidelines to protect workers.
This document provides information on preventing heat illness in the workplace. It outlines risk factors for heat illness, such as weather conditions, physical activity levels, and personal factors. Heat illness types include heat exhaustion and heat stroke. The body normally cools itself through sweating and increased blood flow to the skin, but these mechanisms can fail in extreme heat. To prevent heat illness, employers must provide training, access to water and shade, emergency response procedures, and supervise workers to monitor for symptoms. Supervisors are responsible for planning work to reduce heat risks, ensuring procedures are followed, and responding immediately to any signs of heat illness in workers.
Are you doing everything you can to minimize your workers’ exposure to heat-related illnesses? Does your company have a heat illness prevention program in place? We’ve go you covered with these tips and guidelines for keeping your workers safe and productive during these hot summer days.
The document discusses heat illness prevention and outlines the California heat illness prevention standard, including signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses, requirements for water, shade, training, and emergency response. It also summarizes changes to the standard which took effect in May 2015, such as lowering the temperature trigger for shade requirements from 85°F to 80°F.
This document provides information about heat illness from a training on heat illness prevention. It defines heat illness and lists symptoms of heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. It outlines OSHA guidelines on heat stress including regulations on hazard assessments and personal protective equipment. At-risk industries are identified as those involving hot environments, high humidity, or strenuous physical activity. Prevention methods are discussed such as drinking water, taking breaks in shade, and monitoring oneself and coworkers for symptoms of heat illness.
This document discusses occupational heat stress and provides information about its causes, effects, symptoms, and prevention. It notes that heat stress results from the net heat burden on the body from work, the environment, and clothing. It affects workers exposed to hot indoor or outdoor conditions, especially those wearing PPE or with certain medical conditions. Types of heat stress include heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, heat cramps, and heat rash. Each has specific symptoms and first aid responses. Prevention strategies involve engineering controls, work practices, PPE, training, and acclimation. The document emphasizes drinking water, taking breaks in cool areas, and calling for emergency help for severe cases like heat stroke.
This document provides information on preventing and treating heat-related illnesses. It discusses how working outdoors or in hot environments increases risks and describes symptoms and first aid for heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heat cramps, and heat rash. Key recommendations include drinking plenty of water, taking rest breaks in shaded areas, wearing loose fitting clothing, and being aware of heat advisories and your own symptoms to stay safe in extreme heat conditions.
This document discusses heat stress and provides recommendations to prevent heat-related illnesses in workers. It describes heat disorders like heat stroke, heat exhaustion, and heat cramps. It recommends training workers on heat hazards, gradually increasing exposure to hot environments, providing plenty of water, scheduling rest breaks, monitoring weather, and checking workers for signs of illness. Workers should wear light, loose clothing, stay hydrated, and schedule heavy work during cooler times.
This document provides guidance on keeping staff safe during winter weather. It covers regulations regarding workplace temperatures and conditions. Employers should assess risks posed by cold weather, such as hypothermia and frostbite. Layers of appropriate clothing, breaks in heated areas, and prevention of slips are recommended. Regular breaks, access to warm drinks, and training workers to recognize symptoms of overexposure can help keep staff safe in winter.
Occupational heat stress is the net load to which a worker is exposed from the combined contributions of metabolic heat, environmental factors, and clothing worn which results in an increase in heat storage in the body
This document discusses heat stress and provides information on preventing and treating heat-related illnesses. It defines heat stress as when the body can no longer regulate its core temperature due to elevated air temperatures. There are four main types of heat-related illnesses discussed: heat stroke, which is a medical emergency and can be fatal if the core body temperature reaches over 104°F; heat exhaustion, where the body temperature exceeds 100°F and causes symptoms like headache and dizziness; heat rash, which causes skin irritation; and heat cramps caused by loss of water and electrolytes through sweating. The document provides signs and symptoms of each illness as well as first aid recommendations and emphasizes preventing heat stress through proper acclimation, hydr
This document discusses heat stress and provides guidance on preventing heat-related illnesses. It notes that heat is the number one weather-related killer and describes several cases of fatal heat stroke among outdoor workers. Risk factors for heat illness include age, weight, fitness level, and acclimatization. Both OSHA and Cal-OSHA regulations require access to water, rest breaks in shade, and training on heat stress. NIOSH recommends scheduling strenuous work early or late in the day, providing cooling breaks, monitoring workers, and educating on prevention and symptoms. Untreated heat exhaustion can lead to heat stroke, a medical emergency with a high fever and possible unconsciousness. Proper prevention focuses on hydration, rest,
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The document provides tips for workers to prevent heat stress such as drinking water, taking breaks in cool areas, monitoring urine color, and reporting any issues to supervisors. It describes symptoms of heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke and emphasizes that heat stroke is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment and cooling of the body. Risk factors for heat stress are discussed including age, weight, fitness level, and recent illness; responsibilities of workers and supervisors are also outlined.
The document outlines the major changes to heat stress programs in the revised Saudi Aramco Construction Safety Manual. It details the responsibilities of site managers and supervisors in implementing heat stress controls such as work-rest schedules, water provisions, and recognition of symptoms. Training requirements are also specified to educate workers on heat stress hazards, first aid for heat-related illnesses, and safety protocols for high heat situations.
The document discusses the HAAD Safety in the Heat Programme that was launched in 2009 to help reduce heat-related illnesses among workers exposed to heat in Abu Dhabi. It provides an overview of the programme, including its aims to raise awareness, provide educational materials, and support regulatory authorities. The key messages and materials produced through the programme emphasize the importance of hydration, salt replacement, rest and recovery, and recognizing signs of heat illness. The programme has expanded over the years to include additional guidance, target audiences, and languages.
This document discusses heat stress and heat-related illnesses that can affect workers. It describes how heat from the environment and physical activity can overload the body's ability to regulate temperature. Factors like temperature, humidity, air movement, clothing and metabolic heat from work influence heat stress levels. When the body can no longer maintain a stable core temperature, heat-related disorders may develop like heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke and heat rash. The document outlines various workplaces and jobs with high heat exposure risks. It also discusses heat stress indices used to assess risk and guidelines for controlling heat exposure to protect worker health and safety.
at this summer season many people are working in outdoor in construction and drilling sites the heat stress is one of the risks that this population are facing , take extrem precautions
This document discusses heat stress management for workers. It begins by outlining some of the dangers of heat stress, including increased mortality and reduced productivity. It then discusses factors that impact human tolerance to heat like humidity, acclimatization, clothing and health. Several heat stress indices are described, including WBGT, which is the most widely used but has limitations. Guidelines for work-rest regimes using WBGT values are provided. The document emphasizes that heat stress management requires considering both environmental and individual human factors. It suggests weather intelligence tools could help optimize planning to reduce heat risks.
- Heat stress is an illness caused by working in high temperatures that can cause death if precautions are not taken. Symptoms include excessive sweating, cramps, headache, nausea, and confusion.
- Employers must provide access to water, shade, written health and safety procedures, and training on heat illness prevention for all workers per California law. This includes having drinking water and adequate shade available at all times when temperatures exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Workers have a right to water, shade, and breaks to prevent heat illness and employers must respond promptly to any emergencies and have procedures in place to contact medical services.
Heat Stress Essentials Training by Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Wo...Atlantic Training, LLC.
This document summarizes heat stress and provides guidance on prevention. It describes symptoms of heat-related illnesses like heat rash, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. It recommends drinking water, acclimatizing to heat, monitoring temperature and humidity, wearing loose clothing, and being aware of symptoms in yourself and coworkers. The document also discusses legal requirements to take precautions against heat stress.
Clinical management of heat related illness, mohLee Oi Wah
Heat-related illnesses range from mild to life-threatening. Heat stroke is the most severe form and occurs when the core body temperature rises above 40.5°C. It can cause damage to the central nervous system and other organs. Immediate cooling through methods like ice packs and cold water is critical for survival, as mortality from heat stroke can be as high as 70% without prompt treatment. Factors like extreme heat, strenuous physical activity, age, and medical conditions increase the risk of developing heat stroke.
Safety Moment - BBS - Behavior Based Safety.pptxImran Khan
1) The document discusses the conscious and unconscious mind and how they influence behavior. The unconscious mind, which operates much faster than the conscious mind, accounts for 95% of our behaviors.
2) The unconscious mind can lead to less desired behaviors because it works quickly, can make errors, and relies on existing heuristics and biases that may not be appropriate for changing conditions.
3) To encourage safe behaviors, we need to assist colleagues by acting as their conscious mind when they are in automatic mode. This involves pointing out biases, countering negative impacts, and helping create new, safer heuristics while reinforcing existing safe ones.
(1) A flagman is required to ensure safety when mobile equipment works on site, near overhead cables, or when backing up. (2) A flagman must wear all required PPE including high-visibility vest and use red and green flags or a whistle to signal equipment operators. (3) Flagmen must pay full attention to their duties by standing alone and not engaging in other activities, ensuring they are always visible to operators.
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This document discusses heat stress and provides guidance on preventing heat-related illnesses. It notes that heat is the number one weather-related killer and describes several cases of fatal heat stroke among outdoor workers. Risk factors for heat illness include age, weight, fitness level, and acclimatization. Both OSHA and Cal-OSHA regulations require access to water, rest breaks in shade, and training on heat stress. NIOSH recommends scheduling strenuous work early or late in the day, providing cooling breaks, monitoring workers, and educating on prevention and symptoms. Untreated heat exhaustion can lead to heat stroke, a medical emergency with a high fever and possible unconsciousness. Proper prevention focuses on hydration, rest,
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- Employers must provide access to water, shade, written health and safety procedures, and training on heat illness prevention for all workers per California law. This includes having drinking water and adequate shade available at all times when temperatures exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit.
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Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
ssawc_heat_stress_training_for_supervisors_0.pptx
1. Sun Safety at Work Canada
Heat Stress Training for Supervisors
2. Purpose of this Training
• The objective of this training is to provide basic information for
supervisors about heat stress from outdoor work and how to
protect employees from this hazard.
• This presentation will cover:
– The hazard posed by heat stress and outdoor work
– The health effects of heat stress
– First aid in case of heat stress
– Methods to protect employees from heat stress
3. Heat Stress is a Big Deal
• Heat stress happens when your body loses its ability to self-regulate
body temperature.
• Heat stress can lead to a range of heat-induced conditions (from
least serious to most serious): heat rash, heat cramps, fainting, heat
exhaustion, heat stroke.
• For outdoor workers, the sun is the biggest cause of heat stress.
They are at a much higher risk of heat stress (for example,
agricultural workers in the USA are at 20 times the risk than the
national rate1)
4. Serious Outcomes of Heat Stress
• Heat illness caused by heat stress can be a
matter of life and death. Workers die from
heat stroke every summer and every death
is preventable.
• When heat stroke doesn’t kill immediately, it
can shut down major body organs causing
acute heart, liver, kidney and muscle
damage, nervous system problems, and
blood disorders.
Image provided by Queensland Department of Health
5.
6. Temperature, Humidity and Body Cooling
• Humans perspire as a means of cooling the body.
• The higher the relative humidity, the less perspiration can be
evaporated, reducing the cooling effect of evaporation and
increasing heat load in the body.
• The combination of rising temperature and work demands can lead
to heat stress situations for workers.
7. Humidex
• The humidex is a Canadian
invention and is a measure of
how hot we feel. It is based on
the combined effects of high
temperature and humidity.
• Very high humidex values are
generally rare in Canada.
8. Heat Illness
• Heat illness has a range of outcomes, each being more
severe.
• With the initial onset of symptoms, the worker may feel
tired or fatigued and perhaps a little disoriented.
• If no action is taken to address the heat stress, more
severe stages of heat illness develop – this can be life
threatening.
• Heat rash → Heat cramps → Fainting → Heat exhaustion
→ Heat stroke
9. Onset of Heat Stress
Symptoms:
• General feeling of tiredness or fatigue
First Aid:
• Fluid replacement and rest
(Image source: http://www.srmi.com.au/images/thorzt3.jpg)
10. Heat Rash
Symptoms:
• Skin becomes reddened and may itch, feel prickly or hurt
• Red bumpy rash with severe itching
First Aid:
• Avoid hot environments
• Rinse skin with cool water
(Image source: http://blogsdir.cms.rrcdn.com/91/files/2014/08/june_heat_15.jpg)
11. Heat Cramps
Symptoms:
• Cramping of muscles (often in
arms, legs or stomach)
First Aid:
• Move to cool area
• Loosen clothing
• Massage and stretch cramping
muscles
• Drink cool water (salted or
electrolyte replacement)
(Image source: http://thorzt.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Safety-Tips-for-
Working-in-the-Heat.jpg)
12. Fainting
Symptoms:
• Sudden fainting after at least 2 hours of work
• Cool moist skin, weak pulse
First Aid:
• Assess need for CPR
• Move to a cool area
• Loosen clothing
• Have the person lie down
• Offer sips of cool water
13. Heat Exhaustion
Symptoms:
• Heavy sweating
• Cool moist skin
• High body temperature
• Weak pulse
• Normal or low blood pressure
• Tired and weak
• Nausea and vomiting
• Very thirsty
• Panting or breathing rapidly
• Blurry vision
First Aid:
• GET MEDICAL ATTENTION
• Move worker to a cool shaded area
• Loosen or remove excess clothing
• Provide cool water to drink
• Fan and spray with cool water
• Do not leave them alone
14. Heat Stroke
Symptoms:
• Weak, confused, upset, acting
strangely
• Hot, dry red skin
• Profuse sweating
• Fast pulse
• Headache or dizziness
• In late stage, may pass out
and have convulsions. This
condition is very serious
and can kill quickly.
First Aid:
• CALL AN AMBULENCE
• Remove excess clothing
• Fan and spray with cool
water
• Offer sips of water if worker
is conscious
15. • Increased Accidents: tired, fatigued workers are more
susceptible to accident and injury.
• Heart/Lung Strain: heat stress places additional strain on the
heart and lungs. This strain is enhanced with dehydration.
Workers who have heart, lung, kidney or circulatory problems are
at additional risk.
(Image source: http://esub.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/constructions-workers-drinking-water.jpg)
Other Health Risks to Workers
16. Acclimatization
• Acclimatization is the ability of our body to adapt to working in a
hot environment.
• Initial benefits occur within a few days. Longer-term benefits take
a few weeks of exposure in a hot environment.
• Acclimatization can be lost quickly (for example, over a long
weekend). Loss of acclimatization due to short absences (2 days
or less) can be made-up quickly, but longer absences take up to
a week to be made-up.
• Often, outdoor workers are considered not to be acclimatized
because they don’t work at higher enough temperatures for long
enough.
17. Acclimatization Regimens
• For workers who have had experience working in a hot environment:
• For workers who have not had experience working in a hot
environment:
18.
19. Heat Stress Management
• Heat stress policy (or sun safety policy)
• Heat stress program or hot weather plan (could be part of a sun
safety program):
– Risk assessment process
– Control measures: general controls and job specific controls
– Training and education of workers
– Incident response, reporting and investigation including first aid
– ‘Check’ elements: workplace inspections, annual audits,
documentation
20. Heat Stress Risk Assessment
1. Operational Review: to gain an understanding of the
operational environment and risk factors for heat stress
2. Job Safety Analysis: for specific positions/tasks which may
have elevated risk
3. Daily Assessment: during summer, assessment undertaken
when pre-determined trigger values are reached (for example,
humidex = 30oC, Environment Canada Heat Advisory’s):
– WBGT (web bulb globe temperature) assessed using ‘heat stress
monitor’ or humidex assessed using ‘thermal hygrometer’
– Adjustments for clothing, radiant heat, work rate, work/rest cycle
– Need a monitoring plan: who, where, when, how
21. General Control Measures
• Provide heat stress information and training through verbal and
written instructions, annual heat stress training, orientation
training, safety talks, etc
• Encourage workers to keep hydrated: drink 1 cup of water every
20 minutes
• Workers to report symptoms of heat stress
• Encourage self-limitation of exposure when supervisor is not
present
• Workers to look out for signs and symptoms of heat stress in co-
workers
• Additional training for high risk workers
• Encourage healthy lifestyles
22. Humidex 1:
• Unacclimatized,
moderate work
rate
• Acclimatized,
heavy work rate
Humidex 2:
• Unacclimatized,
light work rate
• Acclimatized,
moderate work
rate
23. Job Specific Control Measures
• Provide barriers to shield workers from radiant heat exposure.
• Provide cooling fans when air temperature is below skin
temperature (35°C) and the humidity is below 70%. Above these
levels causes more heating.
• Consider cooling or dehumidifying the workplace.
• Provide mechanical aids for material handling — dollies, carts,
lifting devices — to reduce physical activity. Organize the work to
reduce the pace of activity.
24. Job Specific Control Measures
• If possible, postpone strenuous work until a cooler time of the
day.
• If work is done outside, ensure that shaded areas are available.
• Rotate workers in and out of hot work areas whenever possible.
• Consider cooling vests, if feasible and effective for the worker.
26. Resources (available at sunsafetyatwork.ca)
• Posters: heat stress prevention, heat stress alert, heat stress warning
• Fact sheets: heat stress prevention, heat stress signs and symptoms,
shade, reflective surfaces, personal protection, acclimatization, work/rest
cycles, off-the-job sun safety, sun safety programs, legal issues
• Training: presentations for workers, safety talks, videos, personal risk
assessments, training guide, video worksheet
• Risk assessment: technical guide, operational review, daily monitoring plan,
daily assessment record
• Daily procedures: heat stress assessment for humidex and WBGT
• Inspection checklist, investigation report template
• Example policies, example role and responsibilities
27. References
1. Luginbuhl, RC, Jackson LL, Castillo DN, Loringer KA. (2008). Heat-related deaths among crop
workers - United States, 1992-2006. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 57, 647-653.
28. Thank you!
Production of this presentation has been made possible through financial support from Health
Canada through the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer.
Thank you to all of the partners who made this project a success:
Editor's Notes
This presentation is for supervisors of outdoor workers. It provides an overview on: what is heat stress is, the signs and symptoms of heat stress, approaches used to manage heat stress of outdoor workers, and resources available from the Sun Safety at Work Canada project.
When delivering this presentation, please review/discuss the objective and content
Discuss the response of the body when exposed to excessive heat: when we are exposed to excessive heat and often in combination with physical activity, the normal internal body temperature can not be maintained and body temperature rises. This causes heat stress on the body which can lead to a range of health conditions, many which are serious.
It is important to note that a number of heat illnesses/conditions are very serious, particularly heat stroke. Permanent injury can result. Some will die and for others they will never be the same.
Emphasize the role of supervisors in maintaining the health and safety of employees.
Following on from the previous slide of emphasizing the role of supervisors. This slide discusses the primary factors which contribute to heat stress.
Supervisors have a role in monitoring each of the primary factors for heat stress and putting in-place front-line strategies for control.
One of the ways to recognize conditions is to monitor not only the atmospheric conditions (e.g. temperature and humidity; humidex) but also how employees are responding to hot work conditions. A worker who is overheating exhibits signs that can be recognized by those around them.
A Supervisor should pay close attention to work intensity as heat stress risks climb. There are ways to do this which we shall examine later.
This slide describes one of the major body responses to heat: perspiration. The resulting evaporation of perspiration is the mechanism by which cooling takes place. When high humidity levels interfere with the efficiency of evaporation, cooling is not as effective as the worker may need to maintain a proper core body temperature.
Humidex is a measure of the environmental conditions which contribute to heat stress. It is a measure which describes the combined effects of temperature and humidity.
Monitoring humidex values and taking specific actions in response to increasing humidex values is an important risk management approach for heat stress of outdoor workers.
Recognizing, interrupting and reversing the progression of heat stress is the goal.
At this stage getting out of the heat and monitoring how the worker feels in terms of recovery is a good step
The next series of slides discuss the progression of heat stress conditions from the least serious to the most serious. For each, the signs ad symptoms will be described along with basic first aid measures.
For all conditions, basic first aid involves getting the affected person out of the sun and into a shaded area, removing clothing, cooling them down by fanning (if appropriate), lying down and rehydrating (through sips of water).
It is important to emphasize the need for medical attention if someone is exhibiting the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion.
Also, someone may not know that they are showing the signs of heat exhaustion and so it is important to keep an eye on work colleagues.
Heat stroke is very serious and is life threatening. Emergency assistance is needed in the case of a worker exhibiting the signs of heat stroke.
Obviously the goal of heat stress prevention training and protection measures is to not have heat stroke.
This slide points to the required due diligence of the Employer and duty of the Supervisor to protect workers.
It also leads participants to think about individual workers and potentially tailoring their work to accommodate pre existing conditions which raise the level of risk.
Acclimatization of individuals does occur and there are benefits for the person regarding their ability to cope with higher heat conditions. However, it does not last. Also, to become acclimatized, workers need to work over a reasonable period of time (a few weeks) at consistently high temperatures. As such, all workers should be considered to be unacclimatized unless it can be shown that they are acclimatized.
The main point here is that caution must be taken and just assuming that workers are acclimatized is a risk.
There are different acclimatization regimens for workers who have experience working in hot environments and those who do not. The regimen is based on increasing the level of exposure to the hot conditions over a period of one week. As indicated previously, if a worker has break of more than 3 consecutive days following acclimatization, they will need to become re-acclimatized and so the regimen for ‘experience working in a hot environment’ would need to be used.
This slide contains an overview of the personal risk factors for heat stress. Each worker should understand their own level of risk and it is important for supervisors to also be mindful of workers who may be at higher risk.
This slide points at employer due diligence systems for managing heat stress and that the supervisor has a role in this system which supports their duty to protect workers
A heat stress program/hot weather plan/sun safety program is built on a heat stress/sun safety policy. The program/plan included the elements listed above. Supervisors have a role in each of the elements.
We suggest that a three level/layered approach to assessing heat stress for outdoor workers is undertaken. We have a range of tools to assist a workplace in undertaking these risk assessment processes.
This is the front end, the assessment process either initial, annual or daily. Spend some time here outlining our tools for these assessment steps.
A supervisor is most likely to be involved in the daily assessment of either WBGT or humidex, and then in implementing the resultant response actions.
Point out our training presentations.
Point out once again the need to watch out for each other.
The response action listed are for when a workplace is undertaking their daily assessment using humidex (and not when using WBGT).
Humidex 1 response action humidity levels are for un-acclimatized workers at a moderate work rate or acclimatized workers at a heavy work rate.
Humidex 2 action humidity levels are for un-acclimatized workers working only at a light work rate or acclimatized workers at a moderate work rate.
Moderate and heavy work rates are defined to a great extent in our technical guide.
Note that these response actions are taken in response to specific humidex values which can vary throughout a day and vary across locations. As such, there is a need for ongoing monitoring of humidex values through a high humidex day to ensure that the appropriate response actions are being taken (e.g. if the humidex rises then additional/new response actions may be necessary). Our ‘Heat Stress Alert’ and Heat Stress Warning’ posters have been designed to assist a workplace in making their outdoor workers aware of the actions to take at different humidex values.
Remind Supervisors that these are guidelines only and their due diligence applies in every situation.
Examples. Workplaces need to adapt to their own specific needs so get thinking “outside the box”.
We can implement (slowly if needed) things we know about and things we think about in the course of our work (ideas).
The steps listed are designed for workers to take to help protect themselves from heat stress.
1. Be aware of the signs and symptoms as covered in this training
2. Be aware of how yourself and others are tolerating the heat
3. Personal protection is an important control measure and this also assist in controlled solar UV exposure
4. Keeping hydrated is probably the most important heat stress control measure an individual can take
5. Taking breaks in the shade or working in the shade when possible are both important ways to regulate heat stress for outdoor workers
6. Refer to your organization’s heat stress policy and program/hot weather plan if one has been developed.
The Sun Safety at Work Canada project has developed a range of resources which are available for download and use by workplaces. These are available from the project’s website: www.sunsafetyatwork.ca