فتوى ابن رشد

1. َ
‫ﺘ‬
ْ
‫ﻮ‬َ‫ى‬‫اﻟﻘ‬
َ
‫ﺎ‬ِ‫أ‬
َ
ِ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ا‬َِ‫ﺪ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬
ْ
‫ﻦ‬ِ‫ر‬ُ‫ﺷ‬
ْ
‫ﺪ‬ٍ
)450‫ـ‬520‫ﻫ‬(
ِ‫ﺣ‬َ‫ﻖ‬‫أ‬
َ
‫ﺋ‬ِ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺔ‬ِ‫أ‬
َ
‫ﻫ‬
ْ
‫ﻞ‬ِ‫ﺴﻨ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﺔ‬ِ‫اﻷ‬
َ
‫ﺷ‬
َ
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬‫ة‬ِ
‫أ‬‫ﻋﺪﻫﺎ‬‫ﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻧ‬ِ‫ﲪ‬ ‫ﺰار‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺎدي‬

2. -2-

3. -3-
$#" !
‫ﺳﺄل‬َ‫أﻣﲑ‬ُ‫اﳌﺴ‬ْ‫ﻠ‬ِ‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ﲔ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ُ‫ﻮﺳ‬ُ‫ﻒ‬ُ‫ﺑ‬ْ‫ﻦ‬ُ‫ﺗﺎﺷ‬َ‫ﻔ‬ِ‫ﲔ‬َ
)1(
‫اﻟﻘ‬َ‫ﺎﴈ‬ِ‫أ‬َ‫ﺑ‬َ‫اﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ِ‫ﻴﺪ‬َ‫اﺑ‬ْ‫ﻦ‬َ
‫ر‬ُ‫ﺷ‬ْ‫ﺪ‬ٍ‫ﻗ‬َ‫ﺎل‬َ:»‫ـ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬ ‫اﻷوﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ِ ِ ِ ِ
َ ُ َ ْ َ َُ ُ َ َ‫ﱡ‬ َ َُ ُ َ َ
‫وﺗﺴﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻠـﻪ‬ ‫وﺻﻞ‬ِ ِ
ْ َ ََ ُ ْ ُ َ ََ ‫ﱠ‬ َ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﳊﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫وﳖﺞ‬ ،‫ﺪه‬ِ ُ َ َ َ َ َُ ِ َ ٍ َِ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ َ ِ َ َ
‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫وأﰊ‬ ،‫اﻹﺳﻔﺮاﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫إﺳﺤﺎق‬ ‫وأﰊ‬ ،‫اﻷﺷﻌﺮي‬ ‫اﳊﺴﻦ‬ ‫أﰊ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ٍ ِْ ‫ﱠ‬َ َ َ َ ‫ﱢ‬ َِ ِ ِ َِ َ َ‫ﱢ‬ َ ْ ْ َ ْ
ِ ِ َ ِ َ ِْ َ َ ِ
،‫اﻟﺒﺎﺟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫وأﰊ‬ ،‫اﻟـﻤﻌﺎﱄ‬ ‫وأﰊ‬ ،‫ﻓﻮرك‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫وأﰊ‬ ،‫اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻼﲏ‬ِ َِ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ
ِ ِ ِِ ِ ِ َِ َ َِ َُ َ ‫ﱢ‬ٍ ْ َ
‫وﻧﻈﺮاﺋﻬﻢ‬ْ َِ ِ َ ُ َ،‫اﻟﺪﻳﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫أﺻﻮل‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﳑﻦ‬ِ ِ ِ َِ َ ِ ََ ُ َ َ َ‫ﱢ‬ َ َ ِْ ُ َ ُْ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ َُ ‫ﱠ‬
)1(‫ﻫﻮ‬‫اﻟﺼﻨﻬﺎﺟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﴏ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺷﻔﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬َ)400‫ـ‬500‫ﻫـ‬(‫ﻣﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﺛﺎﲏ‬‫اﳌﺮاﺑﻄﲔ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺐ‬‫ﺑـ‬»‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫أﻣﲑ‬«‫وﻫﻮ‬‫أ‬‫وﻗﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻈﻢ‬.‫أول‬ ‫أﺳﺲ‬‫اﻟﻐﺮب‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫إﻣﱪاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬‫ﺣﺪود‬‫ﺗﻮﻧﺲ‬‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬‫ﻏﺎﻧﺎ‬‫ﺟﻨﻮﺑﺎ‬‫واﻻﻧﺪﻟﺲ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﺿﻴﺎع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺪﻟﺲ‬ ‫واﻧﻘﺬ‬ ‫ﲈﻻ‬
‫ﳏﻘﻖ‬‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻞ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬‫اﻟﺰﻻﻗﺔ‬‫وﻗﺎﺋﺪﻫﺎ‬.‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫وﺿﻢ‬ ‫وﺣﺪ‬‫اﻟﻄﻮاﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻮك‬‫إﱃ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺮب‬ ‫دوﻟﺘﻪ‬.‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻷﺛﲑ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫وﺻﻔﻪ‬‫اﻟﻜ‬‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﺦ‬‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬:،‫ﺧﲑا‬ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫دﻳ‬ ،‫ﻛﺮﻳﲈ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻴﲈ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ً ‫ﱢ‬ ً ًَ ‫ﱢ‬ َ
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﻮﻗﻮف‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫إﻛﺮام‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫وﻳﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ ،‫ﺑﻼده‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫وﳛﻜﻤﻬﻢ‬ ،‫واﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﳛﺐ‬‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
ِ ُ
‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻇﻬﺮ‬ ،‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫وﻻن‬ ،‫اﳌﻮﻋﻈﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﲈع‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻊ‬ ‫أﺣﺪﻫﻢ‬ ‫وﻋﻈﻪ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ ،‫إﺷﺎرﲥﻢ‬ُ ُ
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻔﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻮ‬ ‫ﳛﺐ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﱡ‬
ِ ُ‫اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‬.)‫ج‬9/‫ص‬99(

4. -4-
‫ﻗﺎدة‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫أم‬ ‫وﻫﺪاﻳﺔ؟‬ ‫رﺷﺎد‬ ‫أﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫أﻫﻢ‬ ‫اﻷﻫﻮاء؟‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺮد‬ ‫وﻳﺼﻒ‬ُ َ ُ َ ُ َ ْ ْ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ََ َ ُْ ْ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ََ َ َ ٍَ ِ ٍ ِ ِ َِ َ ِ َ ُ
‫وﻋﲈﻳﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺣﲑة‬ٍ ِ ٍ
َ َْ ََ َ
‫وﻳﻨﺘﻘﺼﻮﳖ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺒﻮﳖﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻮم‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮل‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ُ َ ْ ُ ُ َ ََ ُ َ َ ‫ﱡ‬ ْ َ
ِ َ ْ ٍَ َ ُِ ُ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺒﻮن‬ ،‫ﻢ‬ِ َ ْ َ َ ُ َ ْْ ‫ﱡ‬ َ‫ﱠ‬ ُ َ
‫وﻳﻨﺤﺮﻓﻮن‬ ،‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﱪؤون‬ ،‫وﻳﻜﻔﺮوﳖﻢ‬ ،‫اﻷﺷﻌﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫إﱃ‬َ َُ ِْ َِ َ َ َ َ َ َْ ْ ََ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ُ
ِ ِ ُِ َ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ َ ْ َ ِ
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮ‬َ ِ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻟﺔ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫وﺧﺎﺋﻀﻮن‬ ‫ﺿﻼﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﳖﻢ‬ ‫وﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪون‬ ،‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﺔ‬ٍ ِ ٍ ِ َِ ََ َُ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ َ َِ َ َُ َ ُ َ َْ َ َ ْ ُ َ ْ ََ َ
‫وﻳﺼﻨ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺎذا‬َ ْ َُ ْ ُ ََُ ُ َ َ‫أم‬ ‫أﻫﻮاﺋﻬﻢ؟‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﻳﱰﻛﻮن‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ؟‬ ‫وﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﲠﻢ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ْ ْ ُ ُ َْ ِ َ َ ِِ ِ
َ ْ َ ْ َ َُ َ ُ َ ْ ِ ُ ََ ِ ِ
‫إﻳﲈﳖﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ودﺧﻞ‬ ‫أدﻳﺎﳖﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻮاﺋﻬﻢ؟‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻒ‬ْ ْ َ ْ ْ ُِ ِِ ِ ِ ِ
َ ِ ِ ٌِ َ ْ َْ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ َ ْ ََ ٌِ َ َ ‫ﱡ‬ َ
‫ﻻ؟‬ ‫أم‬َ ْ َ
‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﳏﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟـﻤﺬﻛﻮرﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ِ ‫ﱢ‬ َ ََ َ َ َ
ِ ِ ِ ِ
ْ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﱢ‬ُ ْ‫ﱠ‬ ََ َ ِ ُ ْ َ ْ‫وأﻓﺼﺢ‬ ،ْ َ
ِ ْ َ
‫ﳍﻢ‬ ‫اﻟـﻤﺘﻮﱄ‬ ‫وﺣﺎل‬ ،‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫واﻟـﻤﻨﺤﺮف‬ ‫ﳍﻢ‬ ‫اﻟـﻤﻨﺘﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ْ ُ ْ ُ ْ َُُ َُ‫ﱢ‬ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ ََ ْ ْ َ ْ ََ ُ
ِ ِِ ِ ِ َ
‫ﳎﻤﻼ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫واﻟـﻤﺤﺐ‬ً َ ْ ُْ ُ ِ ِ ِ
‫ﱢ‬ َ،‫ﻣﻔ‬َ ُ‫ﻀ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻼ‬ً‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ُ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺎء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫وﻣﺄﺟﻮرا‬َ َ ُ ََ َ َ ًْ ِ ْ َ.
‫ﻓﺄﺟﺎب‬َ َ َ َ‫اﻟﻘﺎﴈ‬ِ َ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ٍ ْ ُ ُ ْ‫ر‬َ‫ﲪ‬َ ِ‫ﻪ‬ُُ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬:
‫اﻟﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻔﺤﺖ‬ُ َ ْ َ‫ﱠ‬ َ َ َ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ َ،‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ووﻗﻔﺖ‬ ،‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺳﺆاﻟﻚ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫وإﻳﺎك‬ِ
ْ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ََ ََ َُ ْ َ َ َ َ ُ َ ِ
‫ﲠﻢ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫وﻣـﻤﻦ‬ ،‫ﺧﲑ‬ ‫أﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻴﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫وﻫﺆﻻء‬ُ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َِ ِ ُ ْ َ ُ َ ْ َ َِ َ ُِ ِ ِ ٍِ َ ُ َ ِ َِ ‫ﱠ‬ ََ َ
‫اﻟﺰﻳﻎ‬ ‫أﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻪ‬ ‫وأﺑﻄﻠﻮا‬ ،‫اﻟﴩﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﴫ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮا‬ ‫ﻷﳖﻢ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺘﺪاء؛‬ِ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ْ َ َُ ُ َ َ ِْ ِ ِ ِِ ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ْ ُ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ َُ ُ َ َ

5. -5-
‫و‬ ،‫واﻟﻀﻼﻟﺔ‬َ َ
ِ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺪان‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﺑﻴﻨﻮا‬ ،‫اﻟـﻤﺸﻜﻼت‬ ‫أوﺿﺤﻮا‬َ ُ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ َ َ ُ ْ
ِ ِ ِ ِِ َ ْ ََ َ َِ َ ََ ُُ ْ
‫اﻟـﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪات‬ِ َ ََ ْ ُ.
‫ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻳﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺻﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬ْ َ ُ َ ْ َ ِْ ِِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِْ َِ َ َ ََ َ ُ َ ُ ْ َُ ‫ﱢ‬ ِ ُ ِ ِِ
‫و‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﻮز‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠـﻪ‬َ ْ َ ُ ُ َ َ َ
ِ َِ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬َ ُ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َُ َ َِ ِ‫ﻻ‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ؛‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬َ ْ ِ ُ َْ َْ ِ َ َ
‫اﻷﺻﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮوع‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬ِ ُ ْ ْ َ ُ ُْ ِ َ ُِ َ ُ َُ ُ‫ﱠ‬ َِ.
‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬ ،‫ﺑﺴﻮاﺑﻘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﳍﻢ‬ ‫وﻳﻘﺮ‬ ،‫ﺑﻔﻀﺎﺋﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﱰف‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ‬ُ ْ َ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ َُ َ ُ َ ْ ُ َ ََ َ َ َ ْ َِ ِِ ِ ِِ ِ ُِ
ِ َ َ َ َ ِ ِ ْ
‫اﻟﻠـﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬‫ﱠ‬ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ُ َ َ َ َ
ِ‫ﷺ‬‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻢ‬ ُ‫ﷲ‬‫وا‬ ‫ـ‬ِ ِ
ْ ََ ِ ُ َ ْ َ:»‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﳛﻤﻞ‬َ ْ ُِ َِ َ ْ َ
‫واﻧﺘﺤﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟﲔ‬ ‫ﲢﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻮن‬ ،‫ﻋﺪوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬َ َ َ ُ َ ُ ُ ْ
ِ ِ ٍ ِْ ََ َ ِ ْ َ ْ ْ ُ ََ ُ َ ُ َ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ
‫اﳉﺎﻫﻠﲔ‬ ‫وﺗﺄوﻳﻞ‬ ‫اﻟـﻤﺒﻄﻠﲔ‬َ َ
ِ ِ ِ َِ َ ِ ْ َ َ ْ ُ«)1(
.
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫زاﺋﻎ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺘﺪع‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫ﺟﺎﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﺒﻲ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﺿﻼﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﳖﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ِ َ َ َ ٌَ َِ ِ ٍ ِ
ٌ ْ ْ َ ْ ََ ُ َُ ‫ﱞ‬ ْ ‫ﱠ‬َ ٌَ ‫ﱠ‬ َِ ِ ِ َ َ ََ ُ
‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟـﺤﻖ‬َ ‫ﱢ‬ َ ْ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻼف‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫وﻳﻨﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺒﻬﻢ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ،‫ﺎﺋﻞ‬‫ﱠ‬ َ َ َ ٌِ ِِ ِ ِ
ْ ْ ُ َ َ ُ ‫ﱡ‬ َ ََ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ ُُ َ َْ ِ
‫ﻓﺎﺳﻖ‬ٌ ِ َ‫وﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ،‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ََ َ ُ َ‫ﱠ‬ َ َ َْ:﴿b a `
)1(‫ﻟﻠﻄﺤﺎوي‬ ‫اﻵﺛﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬،‫اﷲ‬ ‫رﺳﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬‫ﷺ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬:3268

6. -6-
k j i h g f e d c
l﴾]‫ا‬‫ﻷﺣﺰاب‬:٥٨[.
‫وﻳﺴ‬ ،‫اﻟﻔﺎﺳﻖ‬ ‫وﻳﺆدب‬ ،‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﳉﺎﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﴫ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ْ ْ َ ‫ﱠ‬ُ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ َ ُ َ ُ ُ َُ ِْ َِ ْ ََ ُ ِ
َ َ ِ‫ﺘﺘﺎب‬َ َ َ
‫وإﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ،‫ﺑﺒﺪﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﻬﺮا‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟـﺤﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺰاﺋﻎ‬ ‫اﻟـﻤﺒﺘﺪع‬‫ﱠ‬ ِْ ِ َِ َ َ ُ َْ ْ َ َْ َ ً َ َِ ِ ِ َِ َ ‫ﱠ‬ِ ِ ِ ْ َُ ُ‫ﱢ‬ ِ ُ
‫اﳋﻄﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﲈ‬ ،‫ﻳﺘﻮب‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫أﺑﺪا‬ ‫ﴐب‬ِ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ًَ ُ ْ َ َ َ َ َ َُ َ َُ َُ َ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ِ‫ر‬َ‫ﴈ‬َ
ُِ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬‫ﻋ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ْ‫ﻪ‬ُ
‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫إﻳﺎه‬ ‫ﴐﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻘﺎده‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟـﻤﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺒﻴﻎ‬َ َ َ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬َ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ َ َِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِِ ِ ِْ َ ْ ِ ُ ٍ:»‫أﻣﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬َ
ِ َ َ
‫وإن‬ ،‫اﻟﺪاء‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫دواﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫اﻟـﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬ْ َ َ ِْ َِ َ ْ َ َ َ
ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ ُ ُِ
َ ُ‫ﱢ‬ ِْ ِ ِ َِ َْ َ ِ ُ َ ْ
‫ﻋﲇ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺟﻬﺰ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﲇ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬‫ﱠ‬ َ َ ْ ِ ْ َ َ َِْ ُ ُِ َ ْ ُ«‫ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﲆ‬ُ َ ِ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ َ)1(
.
)1(،‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬)‫ج‬1/‫ص‬716‫ـ‬718(‫دار‬ ،‫اﻟﻄﺠﻜﺎﲏ‬ ‫اﳊﺒﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﳏﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ط‬ ،‫اﳌﻐﺮب‬ ‫اﳉﺪﻳﺪة‬ ‫اﻵﻓﺎق‬ ‫ودار‬ ،‫ﺑﲑوت‬ ‫اﳉﻴﻞ‬2،1414‫ﻫـ‬/1993‫م‬