سلم

2. -2-
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ا‬ُ ُ‫ﻨ‬
َ
‫ﻮ‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ق‬
ِ‫ﻤﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ِ
ْ َ
ِ
ْ
ِ
‫ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ‬ُ‫اﻟﺸ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻴ‬ْ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺦ‬َ‫ﻼ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﺔ‬
‫أﰊ‬‫ز‬َ‫ﻳ‬ْ‫ﺪ‬ٍ‫ﻋ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ْ‫ﺪ‬ِ‫اﻟﺮ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﲪ‬َ ْ‫ﻦ‬ِ‫اﻷ‬َ‫ﺧ‬ْ‫ﴬ‬ِ َ‫ي‬‫ﱢ‬
)918‫ـ‬983‫ﻫـ‬(
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻧ‬ِ‫ﲪ‬ ‫ﺰار‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺎدي‬

3. -3-
$#" !
‫اﳊﻤــﺪ‬ُ ْ َ‫ﻟﻠـــﻪ‬ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬‫أﺧﺮﺟــــﺎ‬ ‫ﻗــﺪ‬ ‫اﻟــﺬي‬َ ْ َْ َ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻜـــﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋــــﺞ‬َ ِ ْ َِ ِ
َ‫اﳊﺠــــﺎ‬ ‫رﺑـــﺎب‬َ
ِ ِ ْ
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺳــﲈء‬ ‫ﻣــﻦ‬ ‫ﻋــﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫وﺣــﻂ‬ْ ِ ِ
َ َ ْْ َ َ َُ ْ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻌﻘــــﻞ‬ِ ْ َ‫ـﺤ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﺎب‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣﺠ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬َ ْ ََ
ِ ٍِ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎب‬ْ ِ‫ـ‬‫ــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺠﻬ‬ِ ْ َ
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﺪت‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬َ ْ َ َ َ‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺷـﻤﻮس‬ ‫ﻬﻢ‬ْ ُ ُ ُْ ُ‫ـ‬‫ﻤﻌﺮﻓــ‬ِ ْ َ‫ﺔ‬ْ‫ﻣﻨﻜـــــــﺸﻔــ‬ ‫ﳐـﺪراﺗــــــــﻬﺎ‬ ‫رأوا‬َ ِ َِ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ُ ََ َ ُ ْ َ‫ﺔ‬ْ
‫اﻹ‬ ‫ﻋـــﲆ‬ ‫ﺟـــﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻤـــﺪه‬ِ ْ َ َ ُ ْ‫ﱠ‬ ُ َ َ‫ﻧﻌــــــﺎم‬ِ ْ‫اﻹ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻌﻤــــﺔ‬ِ ْ ِ ِ
َ ْ ِ‫ﻳﻤـــــﺎن‬ِ‫واﻹ‬ِ ْ َ‫ﺳـــــــﻼم‬ِ ْ
‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬َ‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫أرﺳ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﲑ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺨ‬ ‫ـﺼﻨﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ِ
ْ َ ُْ ْ َ ََ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ِْ ِ‫ـﻼ‬َ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺣــﺎز‬ ‫ﻣــﻦ‬ ‫ـﲑ‬‫ـ‬‫وﺧ‬ْ َ ََ ْ ََ ِْ‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻣـــﺎت‬ْ ِ
َ َ‫ﻌــﲆ‬َ ُ
‫ــــﻰ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻘﺘـﻔ‬ ‫ــــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ــــﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳﻴ‬ ‫ـــﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﳏﻤ‬َ َ ُْ ُ ‫ﱢ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱢ‬ ِ ٍ َ ُ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﳍﺎﺷــــﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌـــﺮﰊ‬ْ ‫ﱢ‬ َ
ِ ِ َ ‫ﱢ‬ ِ َ‫ـ‬‫ﻤـــﺼﻄﻔــﻰ‬َ ْ ُ
‫ﻋﻠﻴـــﻪ‬ ‫ﺻـــﲆ‬ِ
ْ َ ‫ﱠ‬َ َُ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‬‫ﻣـــ‬َ‫اﳊﺠـــ‬ ‫دام‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ
ِ
َ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺤ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﻮض‬‫ـ‬‫ﳜ‬ْ َ ْ
ِ ُ ُ َ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ْ ِ‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ــﺎﲏ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤﻌ‬ُ َ‫ـ‬‫ﺠﺠ‬َ َ‫ﺎ‬
‫وﺻﺤﺒــــﻪ‬ ‫وآﻟـــﻪ‬ِ ِ ِِ ْ َ َ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ذوي‬ْ ِ َ‫ـ‬‫ﻬـــــﺪى‬َ ُ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑـــﺄﻧﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺷـــﺒﻬﻮا‬ ‫ﻣـــﻦ‬ٍ ُْ َ ‫ﱢ‬ َْ ُ ُ َ‫اﻻ‬ِ‫ﻫﺘـــﺪا‬َ ِ
ْ
‫ﻓﺎﻟ‬ ‫وﺑﻌــــﺪ‬ْ َ ُ ْ َ َ‫ـ‬‫ــــﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟﻠﺠـﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻄـــــﻖ‬ِ َ َْ ْ ِ ُِ َ‫ﻟﻠـــــﺴــﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻨــــــﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻧـــــﺴـﺒﺘـﻪ‬ِ ‫ﱢ‬ ِ ِِ ْ ُ َ‫ﱠ‬ َ ُ ْ
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻌﺼﻢ‬َ ُ َ
ِ
ْ َ‫ﻓ‬ْ‫ﻜـ‬َ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻏـﻲ‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ْ ‫ﱢ‬ ََ ْ َ‫ـ‬‫ﺨﻄـ‬َ َ‫ـﺎ‬‫ا‬ ‫ـﻖ‬‫ـ‬‫دﻗﻴ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻋ‬ِ َ ْ َ َ‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟ‬ْ‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـﺸﻒ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻳﻜ‬ ‫ﻔﻬﻢ‬ْ ُ ِ ْ َِ ْ َ‫ــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻐﻄ‬َ ِ
‫ﻗﻮاﻋـــــﺪ‬ ‫أﺻﻮﻟــــﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـــﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻬـــﺎك‬َ ِ ِ ِ َِ ُ ُْ َ َ‫ا‬‫ﻓﻮاﺋـــــﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻮﻧــــــﻪ‬ ‫ﻣــــﻦ‬ ‫ﲡﻤـــــﻊ‬َ ُِ ِ ِ َِ ُ ْ ُ َ ْ َ‫ا‬
‫اﳌﻨـــــﻮرق‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟــــﺴﻠـﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻴـﺘـــــﻪ‬ِ َ ‫ﱡ‬ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ َْ َُ ُُ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـــﻢ‬ ‫ﺳــﲈء‬ ‫ﺑــﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻗــﻰ‬ْ ِْ ِ ِ
ُ َ ْ ُِ َ‫ـ‬‫ﻤﻨﻄـــﻖ‬ِ ِ ْ َ

4. -4-
‫ــﺼﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺧﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻳﻜــﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أرﺟــﻮ‬ ‫واﻟﻠـــﻪ‬َ ُ َ َ
ِ َ َ ُْ َ َْ َ ‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺟﻬــــﻪ‬ْ ِ ِِ ْ َ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻟـــﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻜﺮﻳــــﻢ‬َ َ ْ َ ِ َ‫ﺎﻟـــﺼـﺎ‬َ
ِ
‫ﻧﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﻳﻜــــﻮن‬ ‫وأن‬ِ َ َْ َ َ‫ﻌــــ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺘــــ‬َ ْ ُ ْ ِ‫ـﺪ‬ِ‫ي‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ــــﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ْ ِ ِ ِ‫ـ‬‫َــــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﳞﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﻄـــــﻮﻻت‬ْ َ
ِ
‫ﱠ‬ َ ُ‫ـﺪ‬ِ‫ي‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺘﻐﺎل‬ ‫ﺟﻮاز‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ِ ِ َ ِ ْ َِ َ ٌْ‫ﻪ‬ِ
‫واﻟ‬ْ َ‫ـ‬‫ــﺘﻐﺎل‬‫ـ‬‫اﻻﺷ‬ ‫ـــﻮاز‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ـــﻒ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺨﻠ‬ِ ِ ْ ِ َ ُ ْ ُ‫ﻋـــــﲆ‬ ‫ﺑـــــﻪ‬َ َ
ِ ِ‫أﻗــــــﻮال‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛـــــﺔ‬ِ ْ َ ََ ٍ
‫واﻟﻨــﻮاو‬ ‫اﻟــﺼﻼح‬ ‫ﻓــﺎﺑﻦ‬ِ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ ِْ َ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ي‬َ‫ﺮﻣــ‬َ ‫ﱠ‬‫ـﺎ‬‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐـــ‬ ‫ﻗـــﻮم‬ ‫وﻗـــﺎل‬ِ
َ ْ َْ َ ٌ َ َ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ـﻲ‬َ َُ ْ ْ َ‫ـــــﺎ‬
‫واﻟ‬ْ َ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻟــﺔ‬ْ َُ َْ‫ـ‬‫اﻟــﺼﺤﻴﺤــ‬ ‫ﻤــﺸﻬﻮرة‬ِ
‫ﱠ‬ ُ َ َُ ْ‫ﺔ‬ْ‫ــــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟ‬َ‫ـــــ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻘﺮﻳـﺤـ‬ ‫ـــــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟﻜﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻮازه‬َ ُ ََ ِ ِ ِ ُ‫ﺔ‬ْ
‫ـــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ـ‬‫واﻟ‬ ‫ـــﺴﻨــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﲈرس‬ْ َ
ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ِ ِ
َ‫ــــﺎب‬‫ـ‬‫ﻜﺘـ‬ِ ِ‫ـــــﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟﻴﻬﺘ‬ِ َِ ْ َ‫اﻟـــــﺼـﻮاب‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ـــــﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ي‬ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ِ
‫اﳊﺎدث‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ِ ِ َِ ِ ْْ ُ َ َ
‫ــــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻔ‬ ‫إدراك‬ْ ُ ُ ْ ِ‫ﺮد‬ٍ
َ‫ــــﺼﻮرا‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬ً ‫ﱡ‬ َ َ‫ـــــﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ْ
ِ
ُ‫وﺳــــﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺘــــﺼﺪﻳـﻖ‬ ‫ﻧــــﺴﺒــﺔ‬ ‫ودرك‬ْ ْ ْ
ِ ٍ ِ
ُ ْ َ َ ٍَ َ ِ ُ
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻨـــــﺪ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫وﻗــــﺪم‬ْ َ ْ ‫ﱢ‬ِ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ ََ ِ َ‫ﻮﺿــــــﻊ‬ِ ْ َ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄــﺒـــــــﻊ‬ ‫ــــــﺪم‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻘـ‬ ‫ــــــﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻷﻧ‬ِ ْ ُ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ٌ ُ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ َ
‫ـــﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫واﻟﻨﻈ‬ِ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ‫ــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ي‬َ ْ‫ـــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘـﺄﻣ‬ ‫ــﺎج‬‫ـ‬‫اﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ِ ‫ﱡ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ
َ ْ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـﴬوري‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ـﺴـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻋﻜ‬ْ ‫ﱡ‬ َ ُ ُ َ َ‫ﱠ‬ ُ ْ‫ـ‬‫ﺠ‬َ‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـﻠ‬ِ‫ـ‬‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺗـــﺼـ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﺑــــﻪ‬ ‫وﻣـــﺎ‬َ ََ ِ ِ ِ‫وﺻـــــﻞ‬ ‫ﻮر‬ْ ِ
ُ ‫ﱡ‬ٍ‫ﻓﻠﺘﺒﺘﻬــــﻞ‬ ‫ﺷــــﺎرح‬ ‫ﺑﻘـــﻮل‬ ‫ﻳـــﺪﻋﻰ‬ْ ِْ َ َ ْْ ْ ََ ٍَ ِ ٍ َ ِ ُ
‫ﻟﺘـــﺼﺪﻳـﻖ‬ ‫وﻣـــﺎ‬ٍ ِ ِ
ْ ََ َ‫ﺗــــﻮﺻﻼ‬ ‫ﺑــــﻪ‬َ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ ُ ِ ِ‫اﻟﻌﻘـــﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﻨــــﺪ‬ ‫ﻳــــﻌﺮف‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺠــــﺔ‬َ َ ُ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ َُ ْ ُِ ٍ
َ ُ ِ

5. -5-
‫اﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ِ ِ ِ
‫ﱠ‬ ْ َ ُ ََ َ ‫ﱠ‬
‫دﻻ‬َ َ‫ﻟــ‬َ‫واﻓﻘـــﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـــﺎ‬ ‫ﻋــﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻔـــﻆ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ْ ََ َُ َ
ِ ْ ‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫دﻻﻟـــــﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮﳖـــــﺎ‬ْ ََ َ َ ُ ْ َ‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬ُ‫ﻄﺎﺑﻘــــــﺔ‬ْ َ َ
‫و‬َ‫ـــﻀﻤﻨ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗـ‬ ‫ــــﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟﺰﺋـ‬ً َ ْ‫ﱡ‬ َ ِ ِ
ُ‫ﺎ‬‫ـــﺰم‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻣ‬ْ ِ َ َ‫إ‬ ‫ــــﺰام‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ـــﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓﻬ‬ِ ٌ َ ِ ْ َ ْ َ‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ن‬َ ِ ْ‫ـــﺰ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ــــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻘ‬ِ ُ ْ ٍ ْ‫م‬ْ
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬َ ٌ ْ َ‫اﻷﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬ْ َ ِ ِ‫ـ‬‫ﻔﺎظ‬ِ
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻣــﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬َ ْ ُ َ ْ ُْ َ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻟﻔــﺎظ‬َ
ِ ْ‫ﻴــ‬ْ‫ﻳﻮﺟـــﺪ‬ ‫ﺚ‬ُ َ ُ ُ‫وإﻣــــ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛـــــﺐ‬ ‫إﻣـــــﺎ‬‫ﱠ‬ َ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ِ َِ ٌ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻣﻔـــــﺮد‬ ‫ﺎ‬ُ َ ُْ
‫ــــﲆ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ــــﺰؤه‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫دل‬ ‫ــــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـــﺄول‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓ‬َ َ ُ ُ َ ‫ﱠ‬ُ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ٌ َ َ‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ــﺰء‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟ‬ْ َُ
ِ ُ‫ـــﻼ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـــﺲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻌﻜ‬ ‫ـــﺎه‬‫ـ‬‫ﻨ‬َ َ َ ِ ْ َ ُِ
‫أﻋﻨـ‬ ‫ﻗـﺴﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻋــﲆ‬ ‫وﻫـﻮ‬ِ ِ
ْ َ َ ْ ََ ِ ْ َ ْ‫اﻟـ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ﻤﻔﺮد‬َ َ ُْ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻛﻠــــﻲ‬َ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ‫وﺟــــﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴـــﺚ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋـــﻲ‬ ‫و‬َ ِْ ُ َ ُ ُْ ْ ‫ﱡ‬
ِ‫ا‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﺷﺘـــــﺮاك‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻔﻬـــــﻢ‬ْ ٍ ِ ْ َُ ُِ ْ‫ﻜـﻠـــــﻲ‬‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ‫اﻟ‬ ‫وﻋﻜــــﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻛـﺄﺳـــــﺪ‬ْ ُ َ َُ َْ ٍ َ َ‫ـ‬‫ﺠﺰﺋـــــﻲ‬‫ﱡ‬
ِ ْ ُ
‫وأول‬ٌ ‫ﱠ‬ ََ‫ﻓ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﻟﻠـــﺬات‬ِ ِ ِْ ِ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻴﻬ‬َ‫اﻧـــﺪرج‬ ‫ـــــﺎ‬ْ َ َ ْ‫أ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧــــﺴﺒـﻪ‬َ ُ ْ ُ ْ َ‫و‬ْ‫ﻟﻌــــﺮ‬َ َ
ِ‫ض‬ٍ‫إذ‬َ ِ‫ﺧــــﺮج‬ ‫ا‬ْ َ َ
‫ــ‬‫ـ‬‫واﻟﻜﻠﻴ‬َ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ َ‫ـــﺎص‬‫ـ‬‫اﻧﺘﻘ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ــﺴﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﲬ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ْ ُ
ِ ْ َ ٌ ََ ْ ُ‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫وﺧ‬ ‫ـﻮع‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ـﺮض‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ـﺼﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻓ‬ ‫ـﻨﺲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟ‬َ َْ ٌ ْ َ ْ َ ٌَ ٌ َ ٌ َ ِ‫ﺎص‬ْ
‫ــــﻼ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺛﻼﺛـ‬ ‫وأول‬َ ِ ٌ َ َ ٌ ‫ﱠ‬ ََ‫ـــــﻂ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷﻄـ‬ْ َ َ‫ﻗﺮ‬ ‫ــﻨﺲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟ‬ِ َ ٌ ْ ِ‫ا‬ ‫ــﺐ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻳ‬َ ٌ‫ــﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻌﻴ‬ ‫و‬ٌ َ ْ‫ا‬َ‫ـــﻂ‬‫ـ‬‫وﺳ‬ ‫و‬ْ َ َ ْ

6. -6-
‫ﻓ‬َ‫ﺼ‬ْ‫ﻞ‬ٌ
‫اﻷ‬ ‫وﻧــــﺴﺒـﺔ‬َ ْ ُ َ َْ
ِ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌــــــﺎﲏ‬ ‫ﻟﻔـــــﺎظ‬َ ْ ِْ ِ‫ـــﺴـﺎم‬‫ـ‬‫أﻗ‬ ‫ـــﺴﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﲬ‬ٍ َ َْ ُ ََ ْ‫ـــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ِ‫ﻼ‬َ‫ـــﺼــﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﻘ‬ِ ْ ُ
‫ﲣﺎﻟــــــﻒ‬ ‫ﺗــــﺸﺎﻛـﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻃـــــﺆ‬ُ ُ َ ٌَ ُ َ ََ ٌ ُ‫واﻻ‬ِ
َ‫اﻟــــﱰادف‬ ‫ﻋﻜــــﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺘـــــﺮاك‬ُ ُ ُ َ‫ﱠ‬ ُ ْ ُ ِ ْ
‫ﺧﺒـــــﺮ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻃﻠــــﺐ‬ ‫إﻣـــﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﻔـــﻆ‬ُ ‫ﱠ‬َ ْ ٌ ََ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬َ ُِ ْ‫ﺛﻼ‬ ‫وأول‬َ َ ٌ ‫ﱠ‬ ََ‫ﺳـﺘﺬﻛــــــــــﺮ‬ ‫ﺛــــــــــﺔ‬ُ ََ ُْ ٌ َ
‫اﺳﺘﻌـــﻼ‬ ‫ﻣــﻊ‬ ‫أﻣـــﺮ‬َ ْ َ
ِ
ْ َ ٌ ْ َ‫دﻋــ‬ ‫وﻋﻜــﺴﻪ‬َ ُ ُ َ َُ ْ‫ﺎ‬‫وﰲ‬ِ َ‫وﻗﻌــــ‬ ‫ﻓــــﺎﻟﺘﲈس‬ ‫اﻟﺘــــﺴـﺎوي‬َ َ ٌَ ِ ْ َ ِ ‫ﱠ‬‫ـﺎ‬
‫ﻓ‬َ‫ﺼ‬ْ‫ﻞ‬ٌ‫ﰲ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬َ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﺎن‬ِ‫اﻟﻜ‬ُ‫ﻞ‬‫ﱢ‬‫و‬َ‫اﻟﻜ‬ُ‫ﻠ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺔ‬ِ‫و‬َ‫اﳉ‬ُ‫ﺰ‬ْ‫ء‬ِ‫و‬َ‫اﻟ‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ﺠ‬ُ‫ﺰ‬ْ‫ﺋ‬ِ‫ﻴ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺔ‬ِ
‫ﺣﻜﻤﻨــ‬ ‫اﻟﻜــﻞ‬َ ُ ْ ُُ ‫ﱡ‬‫ﻋــﲆ‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ َ‫اﻟ‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ﻤﺠﻤـــﻮع‬ِ ُ َْ‫ـــــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛﻜ‬‫ﱡ‬ ُ َ‫ذ‬ ‫ـــــﺲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟﻴ‬ ‫ذاك‬َ َ ْ َ َ‫ـــــﻮع‬‫ـ‬‫وﻗ‬ ‫ا‬ِ ُ ُ
‫ﺣﻜﻤـــ‬ ‫ﻓـــﺮد‬ ‫ﻟﻜـــﻞ‬ ‫وﺣﻴـﺜﻤــــﺎ‬َ ْ ْ
ِ ٍ ِ
ُ َ ََ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ ُ‫ـﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻗـــــﺪ‬ ‫ﻛـﻠـﻴـــــﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧــــﻪ‬َ ‫ﱠ‬
ِ
ُ ُْ َُ ٌ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ َ‫ــــــﺎ‬
‫واﻟــ‬ْ َ‫ـ‬‫ﺤﻜﻢ‬ُ ْ ُ‫ﻫــ‬ ‫ﻟﻠــﺒﻌﺾ‬ُ ْ َِ ْ ِ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ْ َ‫ـ‬‫ﺠﺰﺋﻴـــ‬‫ﱠ‬
ِ ْ ُ‫ﺔ‬ْ‫ـــــ‬‫ـ‬‫واﻟ‬ْ َ‫ـ‬‫ﺠ‬ُ‫ـــــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘ‬ ‫ﺰء‬ُ َْ ِ ْ َ ُ‫ـ‬‫ﻪ‬ُ‫ــــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟﻠﻴ‬ْ ‫ﱠ‬
ِ
َ
‫ﻓ‬َ‫ﺼ‬ْ‫ﻞ‬ٌ‫ﰲ‬ِ‫اﻟ‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬ُ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻓ‬َ‫ﺎت‬ِ
‫ﻋـــ‬ ‫ﻣﻌـــﺮف‬َ ٌَ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ‫ﲆ‬َ‫ﻗـــﺴــﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛـــــﺔ‬ْ
ِ ٍُ َ َ‫ﻋﻠـــﻢ‬ ‫وﻟﻔﻈــــﻲ‬ ‫ورﺳﻤــــﻲ‬ ‫ﺣــــﺪ‬ْ ‫ﱞ‬ ‫ﱞ‬ ْ َ
ِ ِ ِ
ُ َ َ َْ َ ‫ﱞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺎﻟ‬ْ َ‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺤﺪ‬ْ ِ ‫ﱡ‬ َ‫ـ‬‫وﻗﻌ‬ ‫ـﺼﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻓ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﺲ‬َ َ ْ ََ ٍ َِ ْ ِ‫ــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟــ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺳــﻢ‬ْ ِ ُ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ َ‫ـ‬‫ﺠ‬ِ‫وﺧ‬ ‫ﻨﺲ‬َ َْ ِ‫ﻣﻌــ‬ ‫ﺎﺻـــﺔ‬َ ََ
ٍ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ــ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻧ‬َ‫ﺎ‬‫ــ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻗﺺ‬ْ ُ
ِ‫ـ‬‫ــﺼﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻔ‬ ‫ﺤﺪ‬ٍ ْ ََ ِ ‫ﱢ‬‫ا‬َ‫ــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫و‬َ َْ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴــــﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨــــﺲ‬َ ٍ
َ ٍ ْ ِ‫وﻗﻌـــ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳـــﺐ‬َ ََ ٍَ‫ـﺎ‬

7. -7-
‫ﻓﻘـــﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺻـــﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳــﻢ‬ ‫وﻧــﺎﻗﺺ‬ْ َ َ ٍ ِ
َ ُ ََ ِ ِ ْ ‫ﱠ‬‫ارﺗﺒـــﻂ‬ ‫ﻗــﺪ‬ ‫أﺑﻌـــﺪ‬ ‫ﺟــﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻣــﻊ‬ ‫أو‬ْ َ َ ْ َ َْ ْْ َ
ِ ٍَ َ ٍَ ِ
‫ﻟـــﺪﳞﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻔﻈــــﻲ‬ ‫وﻣــــﺎ‬ْ ‫ﱟ‬ َِ ْ َ َ َِ ْ ِ َ‫ﺷﻬــــﺮ‬َ ِ ُ‫ا‬‫ﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﻟﻔـــﻆ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳــــﻞ‬ِ ٍ
َ ِ ْ َ ُ ْ َ‫أﺷـــﻬ‬ ‫ﻳــــﻒ‬َ ْ َ ٍ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ا‬
‫أ‬ ‫ـــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫وﴍط‬َ ‫ﱟ‬ ُ ُ ْ َ َ‫ـــﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ن‬َ ُ ْ‫ــــﺮدا‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻄـ‬ ‫ى‬َ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ًُ‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻨﻌﻜــــﺴ‬ِ
َ ْ ُ‫ﺎ‬‫أﺑﻌـــــﺪا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﻇﺎﻫـــــﺮا‬َ َ ْ ََ ً
ِ
‫ــــــــﺴﺎوﻳ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ً ُِ َ‫ﺎ‬‫ــــــــﻮزا‬‫ـ‬‫ﲡ‬ ‫وﻻ‬َ ‫ﱡ‬ ََ َ‫ــــﻼ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬َ ِ‫ــــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﲠ‬ ‫ـــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗﺮﻳـﻨ‬َ ِْ ٍ َ ِ َ‫ـــــﺮز‬‫ـ‬‫ﲢـ‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ ُ‫ا‬
‫ـــﲈ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫وﻻ‬َ ِ َ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ــــﺪود‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻤﺤـ‬ ‫ـــﺪرى‬‫ـ‬‫ﻳ‬َ َ ْ
ٍ ُ َْ َ ُِ‫ﻣــــﺸﺘ‬َ ْ ُ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣــــﻦ‬ ‫ـﺮك‬ْ َ
ِ ٍ
َ‫ﺧــــﻼ‬ ‫ﻘﺮﻳﻨــــﺔ‬َ َ َِ َ
‫ــﺪﻫﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻋﻨ‬ْ ُ ََ ْ ِ‫ــ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﲨـﻠ‬ ‫ــﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ْ َِ ِ
ْ ُْ‫ـ‬‫ﻤﺮدود‬ِ
ْ َ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﺗــــﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫أن‬َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ ْ َ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﻜـــﺎم‬ِ ُ ْ‫اﻟـــ‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ﺤﺪود‬ِ ُ ُ
‫ــ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ـــﺠﻮز‬‫ـ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ْ ُ ُ ََ‫ـ‬‫ﺤ‬ُ‫أو‬ ‫ــﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ذﻛ‬ ‫ﺪود‬ْ َ ُ ْ ُِ ِ‫رووا‬ ‫ــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ــﺎدر‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ـــﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﺮﺳ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ــﺎﺋﺰ‬‫ـ‬‫وﺟ‬ْ َ ْ َ ََ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ِ َ ِ ٌ ِ
‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ِ
ْ َ ٌ ََ َ
‫ﺟــﺮ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟﺬاﺗ‬ ‫ـﺼﺪق‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ــﺘﻤﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫اﺣ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬َ ََ ‫ﱢ‬ ْ
ِ ِ ِ َ ْ ََ‫ى‬‫ــــــﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫وﺧـﺒ‬ ‫ـــــﻀﻴــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ــــــﻨﻬﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻴ‬َ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ َْ َ ََ ًَ َِ
ُ‫ا‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـــﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺛ‬ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ‫ــﻀﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻘ‬َ َ‫ــﺴﻤـﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ــﺪﻫﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻨ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ِ ْ
ِ ِ
ُ َ ْ‫واﻟﺜــــــﺎﲏ‬ ‫ﱠـــــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﲪﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﴍﻃﻴــــــﺔ‬‫ﱠ‬ ٌ ٌ ََ ْ
ِ ِ
َ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ
‫واﻷ‬ ‫ﺷﺨــــــﺼﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻛـﻠـﻴـــــــﺔ‬َ ْ َ ٌ ٌ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
ِ ْ َُ ‫ﱢ‬‫ول‬ُ ‫ﱠ‬‫ــــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻬﻤــ‬ ‫ــــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫وإﻣ‬ ‫ـــﺴـﻮر‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫إﻣ‬ُ َ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ ٌ َ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ْ ِ َِ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ــﺴﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫واﻟ‬‫ﱡ‬ َ‫ــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫وﺟﺰﺋﻴ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛﻠـﻴ‬ ‫ر‬ُ
ِ ْ ُُ َ ‫ﱢ‬‫ـــﺮى‬‫ـ‬‫ﻳ‬َ ُ‫أﻗـــﺴﺎﻣـﻪ‬ُ ُ َ ْ َ‫أرﺑﻌـــﺔ‬ٌ َ َ ْ َ‫ﺟـــــﺮى‬ ‫ﺣﻴـــﺚ‬َ َُ ْ
‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﻜـــﻞ‬ ‫إﻣـــﺎ‬َ ‫ﱟ‬ ُ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ‫و‬ْ‫ا‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻌــــﺾ‬َ ٍ ْ َ ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫و‬ِ ْ‫ـــــﻼ‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ﺑﻌــﺾ‬ ‫وﻟــﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﳾء‬َ ُ ْ َ َ َْ َ َ ْ َ‫ﺟــﻼ‬ ‫ﺷﺒـــﻪ‬ ‫و‬َ َ ْ ْ
ٍ ِ

8. -8-
‫اﻟــ‬ ‫واﻷول‬ْ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ َ‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬ْ ُ ُْ َ‫ـ‬‫ﺤﻤﻠﻴــــ‬‫ﱠ‬
ِ
َ‫ﺔ‬ْ‫واﻵ‬ْ َ‫اﻟـــ‬ ‫ﺧـــﺮ‬ْ ُ
ِ‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟـــﺴﻮﻳــــ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﻮل‬‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ َِ ُ ْ‫ﺔ‬ْ
‫ﻋــﲆ‬ ‫وإن‬َ َ َْ ِ‫ﺣﻜــﻢ‬ ‫ﻗــﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬــﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴــﻖ‬ْ
ِ
ُ ْْ ‫ﱠ‬َ ِ‫ﺗــﻨـﻘـــــﺴـﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﴍﻃﻴـــــﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﳖـــــﺎ‬ْ ‫ﱠ‬
ِ َِ ٌ َْ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬ْ ِ َ
‫ﴍ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ـــﻀﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫أﻳ‬ْ َ ًِ ْ َ‫ﱠــــﺼﻠـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘـ‬ ‫ﻃﻴـــــﺔ‬َ ِ ٍ ِ
ُ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺔ‬ْ‫ــــ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻣﺜﻠﻬ‬َ ُ ْ ِ
َ‫ــــﺼﻠ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣـﻨـﻔ‬ ‫ـــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﴍﻃﻴ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬َ ِ َِ ْ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ٌ َْ‫ﺔ‬ْ
‫ﺟﺰ‬ْ ُ‫ء‬َ‫اﳘــــ‬َ ُ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻘــــــﺪم‬ ‫ـﺎ‬َ ٌ ُ‫ﱠ‬ َ‫ﺗ‬َ‫ﺎﻟــــــﻲ‬ِ‫اﻻﺗـــــﺼ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ﺑﻴــــــﺎن‬ ‫أﻣــــــﺎ‬َ َ‫ﱢ‬ ِ ُ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ‫ــﺎل‬ِ
‫ﺗـــﻼ‬ ‫أوﺟﺒــﺖ‬ ‫ﻣــﺎ‬َ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ‫اﻟ‬ ‫زم‬ْ َ ُ‫ـ‬‫ﺠ‬ُ‫ﺰأﻳــــﻦ‬ِ ْ َ ْ‫وذ‬َ َ‫ات‬ُ‫اﻻﻧ‬ْ‫ـــــﺼ‬‫ـ‬‫ـﻔ‬َ
ِ‫ــــــﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻴـ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﺎل‬ِ ْ َ َ ُ ِ
‫أ‬ ‫ﻣـــﺎ‬َ‫ﺑﻴـﻨﻬـــ‬ ‫ﺗــــﻨﺎﻓﺮا‬ ‫وﺟﺒـــﺖ‬ُ َ َ َ ْْ َ َ َ ًْ ُ‫ـ‬‫ﲈ‬َ‫ــــﺴﺎﻣﻬ‬‫ـ‬‫أﻗ‬َ ُ ْ َ‫ﻓﻠﺘـﻌـﻠﻤ‬ ‫ـــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺛﻼﺛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ َ ْْ ُ َ ٌ َ َ‫ـــــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬
‫ـــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬َ‫ا‬ ‫ـــﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫ﲨ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻊ‬َ ٍ ْ َُ
ِ‫ا‬ ‫ـــﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺧﻠ‬ ‫و‬َ ‫ﱟ‬ ُْ ُ‫ــــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﳘـ‬ ‫و‬َ ُ ْ‫اﻟــ‬ ‫وﻫــﻮ‬ْ َ ْ َ‫ـ‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬َ ْ ‫ﱡ‬
ِ ِ
َ‫ﻓﺎﻋـﻠـــﲈ‬ ‫ﺧــﺺ‬َ َ ْ ‫ﱡ‬َ َ
‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬‫ﱠ‬ ٌ ْ َ‫ﱠﻨﺎﻗﺾ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬ِ ُ
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺧﻠــــﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻨـــﺎﻗﺾ‬ْ ُْ ٌُ َ َُ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻘـــﻀﻴﺘـﲔ‬ِ ِ ْ ‫ﱠ‬َ ِ َ‫ﻗـــﻔﻲ‬ ‫أﻣــﺮ‬ ‫واﺣــﺪ‬ ‫وﺻــﺪق‬ ‫ﻛﻴــﻒ‬ْ ٌ ْ ْ
ِ ٍ ِ ِ ٍُ َُ ْ ََ
‫ﺗﻜــ‬ ‫ﻓــﺈن‬ُ َ ْ ِ َ‫ﺷﺨـــ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ْ َ ْ‫ﻣﻬﻤﻠـــ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺔ‬َ َ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ْ ْ َ ً ِ‫ﻪ‬ْ‫ﻓﻨـﻘــــﻀﻬ‬َ ُ ْ َ َ‫ﺗـﺒﺪﻟـــــ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑــــﺎﻟﻜﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ ْ‫ﱢ‬ َُ ْ َ ِ
ْ َ ِ‫ﻪ‬ْ
‫ـــﺴﻮر‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑـﺎﻟ‬ ‫ـــﺼﻮرة‬‫ـ‬‫ﳏ‬ ‫ــــﻜﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫وإن‬ِ ‫ﱡ‬ َِ ً ُ ْ َْ َ ُ َ ْ ِ‫ﺳــﻮرﻫ‬ ‫ﺑـــﻀﺪ‬ ‫ﻓــﺎﻧﻘﺾ‬َ ِ ُ ‫ﱢ‬ ِ ِ ْ ُ ْ َ‫اﻟــ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ﻤﺬﻛﻮر‬ِ ُ ْ َ
‫ﻛﻠﻴـــــﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺒـــــﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜــــﻦ‬ ‫ﻓــــﺈن‬ْ ً‫ﱠ‬ ُ‫ﱢ‬ ُ ََ ِْ ُ ْ ِ َ‫ﻧﻘﻴـــــﻀـﻬ‬َ ُ ِ َ‫ﺟﺰﺋـﻴــــــــﺔ‬ ‫ﺳـــــﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ْ ٌ‫ﱠ‬ َ
ِ ِْ ُ َ
‫ﺳــــﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜــــﻦ‬ ‫وإن‬ً ِ
َ ْ َُ َ ْ ِ‫ـــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛــﻠــﻴ‬ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ‫ــــﻀﻬ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﻘﻴ‬َ ُ َ‫ـــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴــ‬ ‫ـــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﺒـ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ْ ٌ‫ﱠ‬
ِ ْ ُ َ ِ

9. -9-
‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ِ ْ َ ِْ ٌ َ‫ـ‬‫ﻤﺴﺘﻮي‬ِ َ ْ ُ
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺟــﺰأي‬ ‫ﻗـــﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻜــﺲ‬ْ ِْ ََ ْ ُ ُ ُ َْ‫ﻘــﻀﻴـﻪ‬ْ ‫ﱠ‬
ِ َ‫ﻣـــﻊ‬ْ َ‫واﻟﻜﻴﻔــــﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟـــﺼﺪق‬ ‫ﺑـــــﻘﺎء‬ْ َ ‫ﱢ‬ َ‫ﱠ‬ ْ
ِ َِ ِ ْ َ
‫واﻟ‬ْ َ‫ــ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ــﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻜ‬ْ ّ ِ ‫ﱢ‬ َ‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﻮﺟﺐ‬ْ َ ِ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻜـﻠـﻴ‬ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ‫ﻓﻌﻮ‬‫ﱠ‬ َ َ‫ﺿــ‬ُ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬َ‫ا‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟــ‬ْ‫ـﻤ‬ُ‫ﻮﺟﺐ‬َ ِ‫اﻟ‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ﺠﺰﺋﻴ‬‫ﱠ‬
ِ ْ ُ‫ـــــﻪ‬ْ
‫واﻟ‬ْ َ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ــﺲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻌﻜ‬َ ُ َْ‫ﻟ‬ ‫زم‬ِ
ٌ ِ‫ــﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫وﺟ‬ ‫ــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـــﲑ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻐ‬ْ ِ ُ َ ِْ َ‫ا‬ ‫ــﺘﲈع‬‫ـ‬‫اﺟ‬ ‫ــﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ُ َْ
ِ ِ ِ‫ﻟ‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ــﺼﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺎﻗـﺘـ‬ ‫ــﺴﺘﲔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺨ‬ْ َ َِ ِْ َ ِ ْ ‫ﱠ‬
‫وﻣ‬ِ
َ‫ﺜ‬ْ‫ـــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻠﻬ‬َ ُ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬ُ‫ـــﺴـﻠ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻬﻤﻠ‬ْ َ‫ﱠ‬ َُ ْ‫ﺒ‬ِ‫ﻴــﻪ‬ْ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻷ‬َ ِ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ـــــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧـﻬ‬ِ َ ‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـــــﻮة‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬ْ ِ
‫ﱠ‬ ُ‫ـ‬‫ـــــﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺠﺰﺋﻴـ‬ْ ُ‫ﱠ‬
‫واﻟ‬ْ َ‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ــــﺲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻌﻜ‬َ ُ ُ َْ‫ــــﺒ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄ‬ ‫ـــﺐ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ٍ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻊ‬ِ‫و‬َ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟـــﻴﺲ‬ِ َ ْ َ‫ﺑـﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺗـــﺐ‬ ‫ﻣـــﺮ‬ْ ِ ٍ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ُ‫ﻮﺿـــــﻊ‬ِ ْ َ
‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ِ
ٌ‫ﻴﺎس‬ِ َ
‫ﻗــﻀ‬ ‫ﻣــﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴــﺎس‬ ‫إن‬َ َ ْ َ
ِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ‫ﺎﻳ‬َ‫ﺻــــﻮر‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ‫ا‬‫ﻣـــﺴـﺘﻠﺰﻣ‬ً ْ ُِ ْ َ‫ﺎ‬‫آﺧــــﺮ‬ ‫ﻗـــﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟـــﺬات‬َ َ ً ْ َ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ‫ا‬
‫ــﺴﻤـﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ــﺪﻫﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻨ‬ ‫ــﺎس‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻘﻴ‬ ‫ـــﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺛـ‬ِ َ ْ ْ َ ‫ﱠ‬
ِ ِ ِ
ُ َُ ْ ُ‫ـــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻳﺪﻋ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـــﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓﻤﻨ‬ْ ُْ ُْ َ
ِ َ‫ــــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻﻗﺘـ‬ ‫ـﻰ‬ِ ْ ِ‫ﺮ‬َ‫اﲏ‬ِ
‫ــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫دل‬ ‫ــﺬي‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ــﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻫ‬َ َ َ ْ َ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﲆ‬َ‫اﻟﻨ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺘ‬ِ‫ـــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻴﺠـ‬ِ
َ‫ﺑ‬ِ‫ﻘــــﻮة‬ٍ
‫ﱠ‬ ُ‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬ ‫واﺧــــﺘﺺ‬ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ََ ْ‫ـ‬‫ﺤ‬َ‫ﻤــﻠـﻴـــــﺔ‬ِ ِ
‫ﱠ‬ ْ
‫ﻓﺮﻛﺒــــﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺒـــــﻪ‬ ‫ﺗــــﺮد‬ ‫ﻓــــﺈن‬َ ُ َ ْ‫ﱢ‬ َُ َْ َِ ْ ِ‫ﻋــــﲆ‬ ‫ﻣـﻘـــــﺪﻣﺎﺗﻪ‬َ َ
ِ ِ ‫ﱢ‬ َ ُ‫ﻣــــ‬َ‫وﺟﺒــــــﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ َ َ
‫اﻟـــ‬ ‫ورﺗــــﺐ‬ْ ِ ‫ﱢ‬ َ َ‫ـ‬‫واﻧـﻈــــﺮا‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺪﻣﺎت‬َ ُُ ْ َ
ِ ‫ﱢ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ــﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺎﺳ‬ ‫ــﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ــﺤﻴﺤﻬﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬ُ
ٍ ِ ِ َِ ْ َ ََ‫ـ‬‫ـــﺮا‬‫ـ‬‫ﺨﺘـﺒ‬َ ِ َ ْ
‫ﻓــــــ‬َ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺈن‬َ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ‫اﻟ‬ ‫زم‬ْ َ ِ‫ـ‬‫ﻤﻘــﺪﻣ‬َ ُ‫ﱢ‬ َ‫ـــــــــﺎت‬ِ‫ﺑﺤــــــﺴـﺐ‬ِ َ َ ِ‫اﻟ‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ﻤﻘﺪﻣ‬َ ُ‫ﱢ‬ َ‫آت‬ ‫ـــــــــﺎت‬ِ ِ
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣــﻦ‬ ‫وﻣــﺎ‬ْ َ َ
ِ‫ـ‬‫ﺻﻐـــﺮى‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺪﻣــــﺎت‬َ ُْ ُ
ِ ‫ﱢ‬ َ‫ــــﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻜـﺒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ـــﺪراﺟﻬﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻧ‬ ‫ـــﺐ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓﻴﺠ‬َ َْ ُ ُُ ْْ ِ ِ ِ َ‫ى‬

10. -10-
‫ﺻـــﻐﺮاﳘﺎ‬ ‫أﺻﻐــــﺮ‬ ‫ﺣــــﺪ‬ ‫وذات‬َ ُ ْ َُ ْ َ ٍَ َ ‫ﱟ‬ ُ‫وذ‬َ َ‫ــــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛﱪاﳘ‬ ‫ـــــﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫أﻛـﺒ‬ ‫ــــﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ات‬َ ُ ْ َ َُ ْ ‫ﱟ‬ ٍُ َ‫ـﺎ‬
‫اﻧــــــﺪراج‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫ﻓـــــﺬاك‬ ‫وأﺻــــﻐﺮ‬ِ ِ ْ َُ ََ َ ٌ ْ ََ‫اﻹ‬ ‫ﻟـــﺪى‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻐـــﻰ‬ ‫ووﺳـــﻂ‬ِ ْ َ َ َْ ُ ٌَ َ َ‫ﻧـﺘـــــﺎج‬ِ ْ
‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ٌ ْ َ
‫ــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ــﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻨ‬ ‫ــﺸﻜﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬َ َ ْ ِ ُ ْ ‫ﱠ‬‫ـــﺎس‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻨــ‬ ‫ﺆﻻء‬ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ُ‫ﻗﻴــــﺎس‬ ‫ﻗـــﻀﻴـﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋـــﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻄـﻠــــﻖ‬ِ َ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ
ِ َِ َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ـــﱪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻌـﺘ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ــﲑ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻏ‬ ‫ــﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬َ ِْ َ َ ْ َْ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ِ‫ﺳــــﻮار‬ُ ْ‫ﻳــــﺸــﺎر‬ ‫ﻟـــــﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟــــﴬب‬ ‫ذاك‬ ‫إذ‬ُ َُ ُ َ ِ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ َ َ ْ ِ
‫و‬َ‫ﻟ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ــــﻂ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓﻘـ‬ ‫ــــﺎل‬‫ـ‬‫أﺷﻜ‬ ‫ـــﺪﻣﺎت‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤﻘ‬ْ َ َ ٌْ َ ِ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ــﺴـﺐ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺤ‬ ‫ــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫أرﺑﻌ‬ْ ِ َ َْ َ َِ ٌ َ‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـــﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺤ‬ْ ‫ﱢ‬ َ‫ــﻂ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻮﺳ‬ْ َ َ
‫ــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﲪ‬ْ َ‫ـــﺮى‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻜﺒ‬ ‫ــﻌﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫وﺿ‬ ‫ــﺼﻐﺮى‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻞ‬َ َْ ُ ُ َ ُُ ِْ ِْ ٌ‫وﻳـــــﺪرى‬ ‫أول‬ ‫ﺑــــﺸﻜـﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋـــــﻰ‬َ ُ ُْ َْ ‫ﱠ‬ ٍَ َ ٍ ْ َ ِ
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴـــ‬ ‫اﻟﻜـــﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫وﲪﻠـــﻪ‬ً
ِ َ ‫ﱢ‬ ْ ُُ ِ ُ ْ ََ‫ـ‬‫ﻋــــﺮف‬ ‫ﺎ‬ْ ِ ُ‫و‬َ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜـــ‬ ‫اﻟﻜـــﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫وﺿﻌــــﻪ‬ً َِ ‫ﱢ‬ ُْ ِ ُ ُ َْ‫ﺎ‬‫أﻟـــﻒ‬ْ ِ ُ
‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻋﻜــــﺲ‬ ‫اﻷﺷـــﻜﺎل‬ ‫وراﺑـــﻊ‬َ َْ ُ َ ُ َْ َِ ْ ِ َ‫ول‬ِ ‫ﱠ‬‫ــﲆ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ــﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻫ‬َ َ ْ ََ‫ـــﻜﻤﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ــﺐ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﱰﺗﻴ‬ِ ‫ﱡ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ِ
ْ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻓﺤ‬َ َ‫ﻫــ‬ ‫ﻋــﻦ‬ ‫ﻴــﺚ‬َ ْ َ ُ ْ‫ﺬ‬َ‫ﻳﻌــــﺪل‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈــﺎم‬ ‫ا‬ُ َ ‫ﱢ‬ْ ُ ِ َ‫اﻷول‬ ‫أﻣــــــﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈــــــﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻔﺎﺳــــﺪ‬ُ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ِ َ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ ِ َ َ
‫اﻹ‬ ‫ـــﴩﻃﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓ‬ِ ْ ُ ُ ْ َ َ‫ــــﺮاه‬‫ـ‬‫ﺻﻐـ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ـــﺎب‬‫ـ‬‫ﳚ‬ُ ُ َُ ْ ِ َ ْ‫ﻛـــــﱪاه‬ ‫ﻛـﻠـﻴــــــــﺔ‬ ‫ﺗـــــﺮى‬ ‫وأن‬ُ ْ ََ ُ ُ ًُ ‫ﱠ‬ َ‫ﱢ‬ ْ َ
‫ﻣــﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻴــﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻔــﺎ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫واﻟﺜــﺎن‬ْ ََ ْ
ِ َِ ْ ِ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ‫ﱠ‬‫و‬ ‫ﴍط‬ ‫ﻟـــﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜـــﱪى‬ ‫ﻛـﻠــــﻴﺔ‬َ ُ ٌْ ْ َ َ ْ ‫ﱢ‬َ ُ ِ
‫ﱠ‬ ُ‫ﻗـــﻊ‬ْ َ
‫ﺻـــﻐﺮاﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻹﳚـــﺎب‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﻟـــﺚ‬َ َُ ْ ُ ُ َِ َ ْ ِ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ِ‫إﺣـــــﺪاﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﻛـﻠـﻴــــــﺔ‬ ‫ﺗـــــﺮى‬ ‫وأن‬َ ‫ﱠ‬ َُ َ ُ ُْ َِ ً ‫ﱢ‬ ْ َ

11. -11-
‫اﳋـــﺴﺘﻴــﻦ‬ ‫ﲨــــﻊ‬ ‫ﻋـــﺪم‬ ‫وراﺑـــﻊ‬ْ ْ َ ٌ َْ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ ََ َِ ِ َ ِ‫ﻓﻔﻴﻬــــ‬ ‫ﺑــــﺼـﻮرة‬ ‫إﻻ‬َ
ِ ٍَ َ ُ ِ ّ ِ‫ــــﺴﺘﺒﻴـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬ْ َ َْ
‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴــــــﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺒــــــﺔ‬ ‫ﺻــــﻐﺮاﳘﺎ‬ْ ٌ‫ﱠ‬ ُ َ َ
ِ ْ ُ َ ُِ ُ ْ‫ـــــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛـﻠـﻴـ‬ ‫ــــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ـــــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛﱪاﳘ‬‫ﱠ‬ َ َ‫ﱢ‬ ُ ٌُ َ ْ
ِ ُ َ‫ـﺔ‬ْ
‫ـــــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫أرﺑـﻌـ‬ ‫ﻷول‬ ‫ـــــــﺞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓﻤـﻨـﺘ‬ُ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ٌْ َُ ٍ َ ِ ِ ْ َ‫ﺛﺎﻟــــﺚ‬ ‫ﺛــــﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺜـــــﺎن‬ٌ َ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ِ
‫ﱠ‬ ِ َ‫ﻓــــﺴـﺘــﺔ‬ُ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ َ
‫أﻧـﺘﺠـــــﺎ‬ ‫ﻗـــﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻤـــﺴﺔ‬ ‫وراﺑـــﻊ‬َ ٌ ََ ْ َْ َ َ ٍ
َ ْ َِ ِ‫ﻳـﻨـــــﺘﺠ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﺗــــﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـــــﺎ‬ ‫وﻏــــﲑ‬َ ُ َ
ِ ْ ُ َُ ْ َ ْْ َ َ ُ َ‫ﺎ‬
‫ــﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ــﺲ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻷﺧ‬ ‫ـــﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻨ‬ ‫ـــﺒﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫وﺗـﺘ‬ْ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ُ َ َ
ِ َِ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ ََ ُ‫ﻫﻜــــﺬ‬ ‫اﳌﻘﺪﻣــــﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻠـــﻚ‬َ َ ِ ِ‫ﱢ‬ َ ُ َ ْ‫زﻛـــﻦ‬ ‫ا‬ْ
ِ ُ
‫ﺑﺎﳊﻤــــــﲇ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻜـــــﺎل‬ ‫وﻫــــﺬه‬‫ﱢ‬
ِ
ْ َ ِ ُ ْ َ ِ ِ
َ‫ــــﴩﻃﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬ ‫ــــﻴﺲ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻟ‬ ‫ــــﺼــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﳐـﺘ‬‫ﱢ‬ ْ
ِ
ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ٌِ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬َ َْ ُ
‫اﳌﻘﺪﻣـــــﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻌـــﺾ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫واﳊـــﺬف‬ِ ‫ﱢ‬ َُ ُ ِ َْ َ َْ‫آت‬ ‫ــــــــﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟﻌﻠـ‬ ‫ــــــــﺠﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻨـﺘـﻴ‬ ‫أو‬ِ ِ ِ ٍِ ْ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ َ
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﴐورة‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫وﺗـﻨــــــﺘﻬﻲ‬ِ ٍ
َ ُ َ ِ َ ْ َ َ‫ـ‬‫ﻤـــــــﺎ‬َ‫ﻣـــ‬ِ‫دور‬ ‫ﻦ‬ٍ ْ َ ْ‫ا‬َ‫ﻟﺰﻣـــــﺎ‬ ‫ﻗـــﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠـــﺴﻞ‬ ‫و‬َ ُ َِ َ ْْ ََ ٍ ْ
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ِ ٌ ْ َ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬‫ﱢ‬ ْ
ِ َِ ْ
‫ــﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻣﻨ‬ُ َْ ِ‫ـــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘـﺜـﻨ‬ ‫ــﺪﻋﻰ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ْ ِ
ْ ُ َِ َ ْ‫ﺋﻲ‬ِ‫ﺑﺎﻟـــﺸـﺮﻃ‬ ‫ﻳﻌـــﺮف‬ِ
ْ َ ُ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ُ ْ‫ﻲ‬‫اﻣﺘـــــﺮاء‬ ‫ﺑـــﻼ‬ِ ِ
َ ْ ِ
‫ـــﻴﺠﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻨـﺘ‬ ‫ــﲆ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫دل‬ ‫ــﺬي‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ــﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻫ‬ِ ِ ِ
َ َ َ َ ْ َْ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘــــــﻮة‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌــــﻞ‬ ‫ﺿــــﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫أو‬ِ ِ ِ
‫ﱠ‬ ْ ُْ ِ ِِ ‫ﱢ‬ َ
‫ــﺼــﺎل‬‫ـ‬‫اﺗ‬ ‫ذا‬ ‫ــﴩﻃﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ــﻚ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ــﺈن‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓ‬ِ َ ‫ﱢ‬ َ ‫ﱡ‬ َ
ِ
ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ ْ ِ َ‫وﺿـــﻊ‬ ‫أﻧﺘــــﺞ‬ُ َ َْ َ ْ َ‫اﻟﺘــــﺎﱄ‬ ‫وﺿـــﻊ‬ ‫ذاك‬ِ ‫ﱠ‬ َ َْ َ َ
‫وﻻ‬ ‫أول‬ ‫رﻓــــــﻊ‬ ‫ﺗــــــﺎل‬ ‫ورﻓــــﻊ‬َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ُ ٍَ ٍَ ْ َْ ََ‫ﻟـــ‬ ‫ﻋﻜـــﺴﻬﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻠـــﺰم‬ِ ِ
َ ُ َِ ْ َ ِ َ ْ‫ـ‬‫اﻧﺠـــﲆ‬ ‫ﲈ‬َ َ ْ َ

12. -12-
‫ذ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﺿـــــﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔـــﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﻳﻜـــﻦ‬ ‫وإن‬َ ُ َ ْ َْ َ ً ِ َ ْ ُ َُ ْ ِ‫ا‬‫ــﺬ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ــﺲ‬‫ـ‬‫واﻟﻌﻜ‬ ‫ذاك‬ ‫ــﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫رﻓ‬ ‫ـــﺞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻳﻨـﺘ‬َ ََ ُْ َ َ َ ُْ َ ْ َ ُ
ِ‫ا‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫وذاك‬ِ َ َ َ‫اﻷ‬َ ْ‫ﻳﻜــــﻦ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺛـــﻢ‬ ‫ﺧـــﺺ‬ْ ‫ﱢ‬ُ َ ‫ﱠ‬ْ ِ ُ َ‫ـــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﲨ‬ ‫ـــﺎﻧﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ْ ََ
ِ
َ‫ـــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺒﻮﺿ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬ْ ٍَ ِ َ‫ﻊ‬ٍ‫ـــﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫زﻛ‬ ‫ذا‬ْ
ِ ُ َ
‫وإذا‬ ‫ــــﺲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻜ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ــــﺬاك‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ـــﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫رﻓ‬َ َِ َ َ ُ ٌٍ ْ َ َ ِ ْ َ‫ذا‬ ‫ــﺲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻜ‬ ‫ــﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓﻬ‬ ‫ــﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ــﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫رﻓ‬ ‫ـــﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺎﻧ‬َ ُ َ َ َْ ْ َ َْ َ ٍ َ َ
ِ
‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﻟـﻮاﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬َ
ِ ِِ َ َْ ٌ َ
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒــــــﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻧــــﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـــﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﻨـــﻪ‬َ ُ ُ ُ َ‫ﱠ‬ ْ َْ ُ َ ََ ِ‫ـــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫رﻛـﺒ‬ ‫ــﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ــﺞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣﺠ‬ ‫ــﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـــﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟﻜﻮﻧ‬َ َ ُ ْ ْ‫ﱢ‬ ُْ َ ٍ ِ ِ ِ َِ
‫أ‬ ‫ﺗــــﺮد‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻛﺒﻨــــﻪ‬َ ْ ُ َِ ُ ْ ‫ﱢ‬ْ ِ َ َ‫ﺗﻌـﻠـﻤـــــﻪ‬ ‫ن‬ْ َْ َ َ ْ‫ـــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣ‬ ‫ـــﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ــــﻴﺠﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧـﺘ‬ ‫ــــﺐ‬‫ـ‬‫واﻗـﻠ‬ْ َ ً َْ ُ ْ‫ﱢ‬ ِ ِ ِِ َ ْ ََ
‫ﺑﺄﺧــــﺮى‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺒــــﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣـــﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻠـــﺰم‬َ ْ ْ ُ َْ َ َُ ِ َ ِ ِ ِ
ْ ْ‫ـــــﺮا‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ــــــﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫـﻠ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ــــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺘـﻴـﺠ‬‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ َْ َ َُ َ ِ ٌ ِ َ
‫ــﻮى‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ــﺬي‬‫ـ‬‫ِاﻟ‬ ‫ـــﺎﺋﺞ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻨـﺘ‬ ‫ــﺼﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘ‬َ َ
ِ ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ََ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ‫ﺳــــﻮا‬ ‫ﻛـــﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔـــﺼﻮﻟـﻬﺎ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻳﻜـــﻮن‬َ ُ َْ َ َ‫ﱞ‬ َُ ْ َ ُ ُ
‫ــ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ــﲆ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ــﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺠﺰﺋ‬ ‫وإن‬ُ َْ َ ُ َ‫ﱟ‬
ِ ِ ْ ِ‫ــﺘﺪل‬‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﲇ‬ْ ِ ُ ْ ْ ‫ﱢ‬‫ـــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻘـ‬ ‫ــﺪﻫﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻨ‬ ‫ــﺘﻘﺮاء‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳ‬ ‫ــﺬا‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓ‬ْ ِ ِ ِ ِ
ُ ُْ َ َْ ْ ْ ِ َ َ
‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴـﺎس‬ ‫ﻳـﺪﻋﻰ‬ ‫وﻋﻜﺴﻪ‬ْ َ َ ُ َ ََ ُ ُ
ِ ْ ْ‫ـ‬‫ﻤﻨﻄﻘــﻲ‬ِ ِ ْ َ‫ﻓﺤـﻘــــﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻣـﺘــــﻪ‬ ‫اﻟـــﺬي‬ ‫وﻫـــﻮ‬ِ ‫ﱢ‬ ََ ُ ْ َ ْ ََ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ْ
ِ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﲪــﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋــﻲ‬ ‫ﻋــﲆ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋــﻲ‬ ‫وﺣﻴــﺚ‬ْ َِ ِ ِ
ُ ْ ‫ﱞ‬ ْْ ُْ َ ُ َ َُ‫ﻟ‬ِ‫ـ‬‫ﺟﻌــــﻞ‬ ‫ﲤﺜﻴــــﻞ‬ ‫ﻓـــﺬاك‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻣــــﻊ‬ْ ٌِ ِ ِ
ُ َْ ْ َ َ َ َ ٍ
‫ﻳﻔﻴـــــﺪ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ُ ْ ُ
ِ
َ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻟﻴــــــﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄـــــﻊ‬ِ ْ
ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ َ ْ َ‫واﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴـــــﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘـــــﺮاء‬ ‫ﻗﻴـــــﺎس‬ِ ْ ْ َ ْ َ
ِ ِ ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬ َ ُْ

13. -13-
‫اﳊﺠﺔ‬ ‫أﻗﺴﺎم‬ِ
‫ﱠ‬ ُ ُ َ ْ َ
‫ﻋـﻘـﻠـﻴــــــﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻠﻴــــــﺔ‬ ‫وﺣﺠـــــﺔ‬ْ ْ ٌ ْ ٌ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
ِ ِ
َ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ ََ‫ــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟـﻠـﻴ‬ ‫ـــﺴﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﲬ‬ ‫ـــﺬي‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ـــﺴﺎم‬‫ـ‬‫أﻗ‬ْ ٌ َ ْ‫ﱠ‬ َ ُ َ
ِ ِ
َ َْ َ
‫ﺧ‬َ‫ـــﺪل‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟـ‬ ‫ــﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫وﺑﺮﻫ‬ ‫ــﻌﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻄﺎﺑ‬ْ َ َ َ ُ َ ْ ٌَ ْ ٌ
ِ ٌ َ‫ــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻷﻣ‬ ‫ــﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﻠ‬ ‫ــﺴﻄــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳﻔ‬ ‫ــﺎﻣﺲ‬‫ـ‬‫وﺧ‬ْ َْ َ ََ َ َِ ٌِ َ ْ ٌ َ
‫ﻣــﻦ‬ ‫أﻟــﻒ‬ ‫ﻣــﺎ‬ ‫اﻟـــﱪﻫﺎن‬ ‫أﺟﻠـــﻬﺎ‬ْ َ ُ َ
ِ َ ‫ﱢ‬ ْ ‫ﱡ‬ُ ََ ُ ْ َ‫ـــــﱰن‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗـﻘ‬ ‫ـــــﲔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻘ‬ ‫ـــــﺎت‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣ‬ْ ِ َ ْ ََ ‫ﱢ‬ِ ْ َ َ ُ
ِ ٍِ
‫ﻣــــﺸﺎﻫـــﺪات‬ ‫أوﻟﻴـــــﺎت‬ ‫ﻣــــﻦ‬ِ ٍ ِ َِ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َْ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ َ‫ـــــــــﺮات‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘﻮاﺗـ‬ ‫ﳎﺮﺑـــــــــــﺎت‬ِ ِ ٍ
َ ُ ‫ﱠ‬َ ََ َ ُ
‫وﺣﺪ‬َ َ َ‫وﳏـــــﺴﻮﺳـﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﻴـــــــﺎت‬ِ ٍ ِ
َ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ْ َ َ‫اﻟﻴﻘـﻴـﻨـﻴــــــﺎت‬ ‫ﲨﻠــــــﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻠـــــﻚ‬ِ ِ ِ ِ
‫ﱠ‬ ْ َ ُ َ ْْ ُ َ َ
‫وﰲ‬ِ َ‫دﻻ‬َ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟــــــــﺔ‬ِ َ‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬ُ‫ﻘﺪﻣـــــــــﺎت‬ِ
َ ‫ﱢ‬ َ‫آت‬ ‫ــــﻼف‬‫ـ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ـــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻨـﺘـﻴﺠ‬ ‫ــــﲆ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬ِ ِ ِ ٌِ ‫ﱠ‬َ َْ َ
‫ا‬ ‫ــــﲇ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻘ‬َ ْ‫ﱞ‬
ِ
َ‫ا‬ ‫ــــﺎدي‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫و‬َ ‫ﱞ‬ َ ْ
ِ‫ـــــﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫َﻮﻟ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗـ‬ ‫و‬ُ َ‫ﱡ‬ ْ‫أ‬َ‫اﻟ‬ ‫واﻷول‬ ‫واﺟـــــﺐ‬ ‫و‬ُ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ٌ َ َْ ِ‫ـ‬‫ﻤــﺆ‬َ ُ‫ﻳــــــ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺪ‬ُ
‫ﺧ‬َ‫ﺎﲤ‬َ
ِ‫ﺔ‬ٌ
‫ـــﺪا‬‫ـ‬‫وﺟ‬ ‫ــﺚ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣﻴ‬ ‫ـــﱪﻫﺎن‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ــﺄ‬‫ـ‬‫وﺧﻄ‬َ َِ ِ ُُ َ َ ُ َُ ْ ْ ْ َ‫ﰲ‬ِ‫ﻓﺎﻟ‬ ‫ـــﻮرة‬‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ــــﺎدة‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ْ َ ٍ ٍ
َ َُ ْ ‫ﱠ‬َ‫ـ‬‫ــــﺪا‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤﺒـﺘ‬َ َ ْ ُ
‫ﰲ‬ِ‫ــﱰاك‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛﺎﺷ‬ ‫ــﻆ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻠﻔ‬ٍ ِ
َ
ِ ْ َ ْ ‫ﱠ‬‫ا‬َ‫ذا‬ ‫ــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛﺠﻌ‬ ‫و‬َ ِ ْ َ َْ‫ﻣﺄﺧــــــﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﺮدﻳـــﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺜـــﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺒـــﺎﻳﻦ‬َ َ َْ َ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ
ِ ِ َِ ْ ٍ َ
‫وﰲ‬ِ َ‫اﻟـــ‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ﻤﻌﺎﲏ‬ِ َ َ‫ﻻ‬ِ‫اﻟﻜﺎذﺑــــ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺒـــﺎس‬َ َ
ِ َِ ِ ْ‫ﺔ‬ْ‫ــﺬات‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ِ َ ِ‫ـــ‬‫ـ‬‫اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺒ‬ ‫ــﺎﻓﻬﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ـــﺪق‬‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬َ َ َ ُْ ِ َ ْ َ ٍ ِ‫ﺔ‬ْ
‫ﻛﺎﻟﺬاﺗـــﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌــﺮﴈ‬ ‫ﺟﻌــﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺜــﻞ‬ْ َ
ِ ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬ َ َْ َ ْ َِ ِ ْ‫ﻧــــﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫أو‬ٍ ْ َ‫اﳌﻘﺪﻣــــــ‬ ‫إﺣــــﺪى‬َ ‫ﱢ‬ ََ ُ ْ ِ‫ـﺎت‬ِ
‫اﻟﻨـــﻮع‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻜــﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠــﻨﺲ‬ ‫واﳊﻜــﻢ‬ِ ْ ُ َ‫ﱠ‬ ِْ ْ ِ ِْ ِ ُِ ْ ِ‫ــﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌ‬ ‫ــﲑ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻏ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛﺎﻟﻘﻄﻌ‬ ‫ــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫وﺟﻌ‬ْ ْ ‫ﱢ‬
ِ ِْ َْ َِ َ َ ِ ْ َ َ

14. -14-
‫ﻛﺎﻟــ‬ ‫واﻟﺜــﺎن‬ْ َ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ َ‫ـ‬‫أﺷﻜﺎﻟـــﻪ‬ ‫ﻋــﻦ‬ ‫ﺨﺮوج‬ِ ِ َ ْ َ ْ َ ِ ُ ُ‫اﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﴍط‬ ‫وﺗـــﺮك‬‫ﱠ‬ َِ ِ
ْ َ ْ َ‫إﻛﲈﻟـــﻪ‬ ‫ﻣـــﻦ‬ ‫ـﺘــــﺞ‬ِ ِ ِ
َ ْ ِْ ْ ِ
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﲤــﺎم‬ ‫ﻫــﺬا‬ْ ُ َ َ َ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻐــﺮض‬ْ ِ َ َ‫ـ‬‫ﻤﻘــﺼـــﻮد‬ِ
ُ ْ َ‫اﳌﻨ‬ ‫أﻣﻬـــــﺎت‬ ‫ﻣـــﻦ‬ْ َ ِ ِ
َ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ ْ‫اﳌﺤﻤــــﻮد‬ ‫ﻄـــﻖ‬ِ ِ
ُ ْ َ ِ
‫ـــﻖ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻔـﻠ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ــﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺤﻤ‬ ‫ــﻰ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻧﺘﻬ‬ ‫ــﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬ِ َ َ ‫ﱢ‬ ََ ْ
ِ ِِ َ َ ْ َ‫اﳌﻨﻄــﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻢ‬ ‫ﻓــﻦ‬ ‫ﻣــﻦ‬ ‫رﻣـﺘـــﻪ‬ ‫ﻣــﺎ‬ِ ِ ِ ِْ َُ ِ ْ ‫ﱢ‬ ْ َُ ْ ُ َ
‫ـــﻘﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫اﳌـﻔـﺘ‬ ‫ــﺬﻟﻴﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ــﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻌﺒ‬ ‫ــﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﻈﻤ‬ْ ْ َ
ِ َِ ُْ ُ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ َ ُ َ َ‫اﳌﻘـﺘــــﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈـــﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﳌـــﻮﱃ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﲪـــﺔ‬ْ ْ َ
ِ ِ ِ َِ ْ ُ َِ َ ْ ََ ْ
‫اﻟﺮﲪــــــﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺑـــــﺪ‬ ‫اﻷﺧــــﴬي‬ِ ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ُ ِْ َ ‫ﱡ‬ ِ َ َ‫اﳌﺮﲡــــ‬ِ َ ْ ُ‫اﳌـﻨـــــﺎن‬ ‫رﺑـــــﻪ‬ ‫ﻣــــﻦ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬ِ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ِ ِ
‫ﱢ‬ َْ ْ
‫ـــــﻮب‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻧـ‬ ‫ـــــﻂ‬‫ـ‬‫ﲢﻴـ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻔــــﺮة‬ِ ُ ْ‫ﱡ‬ ِ ِ ُِ ْ َ َُ ً‫اﻟﻘـﻠــــﻮب‬ ‫ــﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻐﻄ‬ ‫ــﺸﻒ‬‫ـ‬‫وﺗﻜ‬ِ ُ ُ ِ َ ََ ِ ُِ ْ َ
‫ﻳ‬ ‫وأن‬ُ ْ َ َ‫ـــــﻰ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻌـﻠ‬ ‫ـــــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺠﻨ‬ ‫ـــــﻴﺒﻨﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺜ‬َ ُ َ َ
ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬ َِ ْ‫ﺗﻔــــﻀــﻼ‬ ‫ﻣــــﻦ‬ ‫أﻛــــــﺮم‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧـــــﻪ‬َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ َ ْْ َُ ُ َ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ َ
‫ــﺴﺎﳏﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـــﺘﺪي‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒ‬ ‫ــﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫أﺧ‬ ‫ــﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻛ‬َِ ِ ِ ِ
َ ُ ُ ْْ ْ ْ ََ ُْ َ‫ـــﻼ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻹﺻ‬ ‫ــﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻛ‬ْ ْ َِ ُ‫ــﺤﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺎﺻ‬ ‫ــﺴﺎد‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫ح‬َ
ِ َِ َ َ ِ
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘـﺄﻣــــــﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔــــﺴـﺎد‬ ‫وأﺻــــﻠﺢ‬ِ ‫ﱡ‬ ََ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ َ ْ ََ ِ ِ َ‫ــــــﻼ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﳞـــــﺔ‬ ‫وإن‬َ َ ً َ ْ
ِ
َ َْ ِ‫ــــــﺪل‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗـﺒــ‬ِ ‫ﱢ‬ َُ
‫ـــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤـ‬ ‫ــﻒ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺰﻳ‬ ‫ــﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗﻴ‬ ‫إذ‬َ َْ ‫ﱢ‬ ُ ْ ْ
ِ ٍ َِ َ َ ْ ِ‫ﻗﺒﻴﺤــــﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻤــــﻪ‬ ‫ﻛــــﻮن‬ ‫ﻷﺟــــﻞ‬َ ْ ْْ ِ َ ِ ِ
ْ َ ِ َ ِ َ
‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻗ‬ِ ْ ُ َ‫ـ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ـﺼﻒ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻳﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻤﻦ‬ِ ِْ َ ْ َ َْ َ ْ‫ـ‬‫ـﺼﺪي‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤﻘ‬ْ
ِ ِ ْ َ‫وا‬ ‫ﺣـــﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻌـــﺬر‬َ َ ُ‫ﱞ‬ ُ ْ‫ﻟﻠﻤـﺒــــﺘﺪي‬ ‫ﺟـــﺐ‬ْ ْ ٌ
ِ َِ ُ ْ ِ
‫ــ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻟﺒﻨ‬ِ ِ
َ َ‫ﻲ‬‫ـــﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳـﻨ‬ ‫ــﴩﻳﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫وﻋ‬ ‫ــﺪى‬‫ـ‬‫إﺣ‬ْ َْ ََ َْ َ ِْ ِ ِ‫ﻣﺴﺘـﺤــــﺴـﻨـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟــــﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌــــﺬرة‬ْ ٌ َْ ََ ْ ُ َ َ َْ ُ َْ ٌ ِ
‫اﻟﻘــــــﺮون‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺷـــــﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳــــﻴﲈ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ِ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ُ ِ ِ ِ
َ ْ ِ
َ‫ــــﻮن‬‫ـ‬‫واﻟﻔـﺘ‬ ‫ـــﺴﺎد‬‫ـ‬‫واﻟﻔ‬ ‫ـــﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫اﳉﻬ‬ ‫ذي‬ِ ُ ُ ََ َ ْ
ِ ِ
َ ِ َْ
‫ﰲ‬ ‫وﻛــــﺎن‬ِ َ َ َ‫اﳌﺤــــــﺮم‬ ‫أواﺋــــــﻞ‬ِ ‫ﱠ‬ َ َُ ِ ِ َ‫اﻟﺮ‬ ‫ﻫـــﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻟﻴــــﻒ‬‫ﱠ‬ َْ ُ ِ ْ َ‫اﳌـﻨـﻈــــﻢ‬ ‫ﺟـــﺰ‬ِ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ُ ِ َ

15. -15-
‫ﺳــﻨــــﺔ‬ ‫ﻣـــﻦ‬ٍ َِ َ ْ‫وأرﺑﻌـــﲔ‬ ‫إﺣـــﺪى‬ْ ْ ْ
ِ
َ َ َْ َ ِ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣــﻦ‬ ‫ﺗــﺴﻌــﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌــﺪ‬ ‫ﻣــﻦ‬َ َ ْ َ ْ
ِ ٍ ِ ِ ِ
ْ‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ـ‬‫ﺌــ‬ِ‫ـ‬‫ﲔ‬ْ
‫ـــﺪا‬‫ـ‬‫ﴎﻣـ‬ ‫ــﺴﻼم‬‫ـ‬‫واﻟ‬ ‫ــﺼﻼة‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ــﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺛ‬َ َ َ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ْ َ ‫ﱠ‬ُ ُ‫ــﻮل‬‫ـ‬‫رﺳ‬ ‫ـﲆ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬ِ
ُ َ َ َ‫ــﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻠ‬ِ ‫ﱠ‬‫ـﺪى‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﲑ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺧ‬َ ََ ْ َ ِْ
‫اﻟﺜـﻘـــــــﺎت‬ ‫وﺻﺤﺒـــــﻪ‬ ‫وآﻟــــﻪ‬ِ ِ ِ َِ ‫ﱢ‬ ِ ْ َ َ َ‫ا‬ ‫ﺳﺒـــــــﻞ‬ ‫اﻟـــــﺴﺎﻟﻜﲔ‬َ ُ ُ ْ ‫ﱠ‬َ
ِ ِ‫ﻟﻨﺠـــــــﺎة‬ِ
َ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ــﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫أﺑﺮﺟ‬ ‫ـﺎر‬‫ـ‬‫اﻟﻨﻬ‬ ‫ـﻤﺲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬َ ْ ُ َُ ْ ََ ِ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َْ َ َ‫اﻟـــﺪﺟﻰ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﳌﻨـﻴــــﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒـــﺪر‬ ‫وﻃﻠـــﻊ‬َ َ َ َ‫ﱡ‬ ْْ ِ ُ ْ ُ
ِ ُ َ َ
‫ﺗـﻢ‬‫ﱠ‬ َ‫اﻟﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻤﺪ‬ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ْ َ ِ