This document lists several classes of antiviral drugs including antiherpes agents like acyclovir and famciclovir, antiretroviral agents that target HIV like nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors as well as protease inhibitors, and anti-influenza agents amantadine and rimantadine. It then describes the mechanism of action of acyclovir, which involves selective uptake by virus-infected cells, conversion to the active form by a viral enzyme, and inhibition of viral DNA synthesis. Acyclovir is used to treat various herpes virus infections and can cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, and neurotoxicity.
The document discusses skeletal muscle relaxants, which can be centrally or peripherally acting. Centrally acting drugs like diazepam and baclofen are used to treat acute muscle spasms, backaches, neuralgias, tetanus, and spastic neurological diseases. They can cause side effects like drowsiness, confusion, and weakness. Peripherally acting drugs like succinylcholine and vecuronium are neuromuscular blocking drugs used as adjuvants for anesthesia and to assist with intubation, convulsions, ventilation, and diseases like tetanus, cerebral palsy and malignant hyperthermia.
Este documento describe los diferentes tipos de gráficos, incluyendo gráficos de columnas, líneas, circulares, de barras, áreas, XY, cotizaciones, superficie, anillos, burbujas y radiales. Explica cómo cada tipo de gráfico representa y compara conjuntos de datos de diferentes formas. También describe los subtipos de cada categoría principal de gráfico.
This document discusses opioids and their pharmacological actions, adverse effects, uses, and contraindications. It focuses on morphine, listing its central nervous system actions like analgesia and respiratory depression. Adverse effects include sedation, confusion, and respiratory depression. Therapeutic uses of morphine include pain from myocardial infarction, fractures, burns, and postoperative pain. The document also discusses the pharmacological actions, adverse effects, and uses of other opioids like codeine and discusses contraindications to opioids like bronchial asthma, COPD, and hypotension. Treatment for opioid poisoning includes gastric lavage and the antidote naloxone.
This document lists several classes of antiviral drugs including antiherpes agents like acyclovir and famciclovir, antiretroviral agents that target HIV like nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors as well as protease inhibitors, and anti-influenza agents amantadine and rimantadine. It then describes the mechanism of action of acyclovir, which involves selective uptake by virus-infected cells, conversion to the active form by a viral enzyme, and inhibition of viral DNA synthesis. Acyclovir is used to treat various herpes virus infections and can cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, and neurotoxicity.
The document discusses skeletal muscle relaxants, which can be centrally or peripherally acting. Centrally acting drugs like diazepam and baclofen are used to treat acute muscle spasms, backaches, neuralgias, tetanus, and spastic neurological diseases. They can cause side effects like drowsiness, confusion, and weakness. Peripherally acting drugs like succinylcholine and vecuronium are neuromuscular blocking drugs used as adjuvants for anesthesia and to assist with intubation, convulsions, ventilation, and diseases like tetanus, cerebral palsy and malignant hyperthermia.
Este documento describe los diferentes tipos de gráficos, incluyendo gráficos de columnas, líneas, circulares, de barras, áreas, XY, cotizaciones, superficie, anillos, burbujas y radiales. Explica cómo cada tipo de gráfico representa y compara conjuntos de datos de diferentes formas. También describe los subtipos de cada categoría principal de gráfico.
This document discusses opioids and their pharmacological actions, adverse effects, uses, and contraindications. It focuses on morphine, listing its central nervous system actions like analgesia and respiratory depression. Adverse effects include sedation, confusion, and respiratory depression. Therapeutic uses of morphine include pain from myocardial infarction, fractures, burns, and postoperative pain. The document also discusses the pharmacological actions, adverse effects, and uses of other opioids like codeine and discusses contraindications to opioids like bronchial asthma, COPD, and hypotension. Treatment for opioid poisoning includes gastric lavage and the antidote naloxone.
Este documento presenta información sobre diferentes tipos de distribuciones de probabilidad como la distribución de Poisson, binomial, geométrica, t-student y exponencial. Explica conceptos clave como media, varianza y desviación estándar. También proporciona detalles históricos sobre creadores de distribuciones como Jakob Bernoulli y Simeón Poisson. El objetivo es dar a conocer estas distribuciones y cómo aplicarlas.
Situationeel Leadership Internal Company education. Sven Desmet
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NSAIDs such as aspirin and ibuprofen are used as analgesics, antipyretics, and anti-inflammatories by inhibiting the enzyme COX and subsequent prostaglandin production. They relieve pain and reduce inflammation but can cause gastrointestinal irritation or bleeding. Paracetamol is also an analgesic and antipyretic that acts in the central nervous system, but has less anti-inflammatory effects and gastrointestinal side effects than NSAIDs. Both NSAIDs and paracetamol in overdose can cause liver toxicity and require specific treatments. Selective COX-2 inhibitors have fewer gastrointestinal side effects than non-selective NSAIDs but lack cardioprotective effects.
8.general anesthetics and local anaesthetics Dr.Manish Kumar
General anesthetics are drugs that produce reversible loss of consciousness and sensations. They have four main features: reversible loss of consciousness, reversible loss of sensations, analgesia and amnesia, and muscle relaxation and abolition of reflexes. There are two main classifications of general anesthetics - inhalational anesthetics which are volatile liquids or gases administered via inhalation, and parenteral anesthetics which are intravenous inducing drugs or slower-acting drugs. General anesthetics are used for operations, procedures like cardiac catheterization and bronchoscopy, short procedures, as adjuvants for analgesia, and for postoperative pain management. Complications can occur during or after anesthesia and include respiratory depression, cardiac issues, low blood pressure, aspiration, and
The document provides guidance on primary care of HIV-infected adults. It recommends monitoring patients for non-AIDS related conditions like cardiovascular disease, cancers, bone and metabolic disorders which are more common due to HIV infection itself or antiretroviral therapy. Key aspects of care include screening for these conditions, managing antiretroviral therapy, monitoring patients on treatment, and providing preventive care like vaccinations and screening for other infections. The role of primary care physicians is important in providing comprehensive long-term care for these complex patients.
This document discusses various classes of drugs including quinolones, antifungal agents, and antiamoebic drugs. Quinolones are used to treat various bacterial infections from UTIs to anthrax. Common side effects include GI issues, CNS effects, and tendon damage. Antifungal azoles like fluconazole treat fungal infections and have side effects of liver damage and sexual dysfunction. Antiamoebic nitroimidazoles like metronidazole are used to treat intestinal and extra-intestinal amoebiasis and other parasitic infections.
This document discusses corticosteroids, which are adrenal cortical hormones classified as glucocorticoids or mineralocorticoids. Glucocorticoids like prednisone have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects by suppressing cytokines and immune cells. They are used to treat conditions like adrenal insufficiency, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, allergic reactions, and certain infections. However, long term use can cause adverse effects like Cushing's syndrome, diabetes, osteoporosis, and suppression of the HPA axis.
This document discusses abdominal wall defects that occur during embryonic development, including exomphalos and gastroschisis. It describes the normal embryological development of the abdominal wall and how failures during development can result in defects. It provides details on the characteristics, contents, and management of exomphalos and gastroschisis. The document also discusses extrophy of the bladder, including the anatomical defects, problems with management, and staged surgical approach.
Macrolides are a class of antibiotics that includes erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin. They work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. They are used to treat atypical pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae, whooping cough, streptococcal infections and diphtheria and tetanus. Common side effects of erythromycin include epigastric pain, hearing impairment, rashes, hepatitis and jaundice.
This document outlines the process and timeline for developing an education master plan from September 2014 through April 2015. Key elements include identifying stakeholders, defining the vision and goals, assessing current facilities, developing program and business plans, and creating a draft master plan by February 2015 for executive and board approval. The final master plan will then be completed in March-April 2015 after review and validation.
This document provides an abstract for a study on developing a theory of public diplomacy. It aims to test different explanations for why states practice public diplomacy, including rational, idealistic, and social trend motivations, using a novel quantitative method and statistical analysis. The study finds that rational explanations related to factors like wealth and prestige best explain public diplomacy activities. However, it also finds evidence that a social trend or norm is emerging as more states participate in public diplomacy beyond rational calculations. Idealistic motivations are found to have limited explanatory power despite concepts of "credible diplomacy." The document outlines the theoretical background and emergence of public diplomacy as a field of study.
33.antiamoebic, antihelmintic, anticancer and antimalarial drugs Dr.Manish Kumar
Antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine are used to treat malaria. Chloroquine works by accumulating in the acidic food vacuoles of the plasmodium parasite and forming a toxic complex with heme that kills the parasite. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, headaches, and potentially irreversible retinopathy or ototoxicity with prolonged use. Nitroimidazole drugs like metronidazole are used to treat amoebiasis and other infections and can cause gastrointestinal side effects. Anthelmintic drugs treat helminth infections and examples include mebendazole, albendazole, and diethylcarbamazine, which can be used against filariasis.
This document provides an overview of the Data Structures I course. It outlines the course objectives of becoming familiar with problem solving, algorithms, data structures, and tracing algorithms. The course will cover fundamentals of data structures and algorithms, static and dynamic data structures, searching and sorting algorithms, recursion, abstract data types, stacks, queues and trees. Exams, labs, participation and quizzes will be used for grading. Pseudo-code is introduced as a way to express algorithms independent of a programming language. Examples of algorithms for determining even/odd numbers and computing weekly wages are provided.
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that were discovered in 1944 and are produced by Streptomyces and Micromonospora bacteria. They include streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, and amikacin for systemic use, as well as neomycin and framycetin for topical use. Aminoglycosides are highly polar, administered parenterally, distributed extracellularly, and excreted unchanged in urine. They are bactericidal against aerobic gram-negative bacilli by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. While effective against various infections, aminoglycosides can cause ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neuromuscular blockade