The document discusses how coherent control and photonic perspectives may change materials development and applications. It describes how manipulating nano or molecular dipoles can lead to new light behaviors and optical materials, such as asymmetric refraction. Applications involving interactions between light and bio-systems are also thriving, such as using subtle energy analyzers to probe plant wound currents treated with light and using low-level lasers for therapy. The document advocates developing technologies that integrate light and electronics at light frequencies.
• Background and motivation – the success of pheophytin (pheo, 脫鎂葉綠素) catalyst
• Porphyrin-ring family and roles of their derivative morphologies
• Similar derivatives within DNA base pairs
• 1st-principle simulation of simplified H2 decomposition steps involving derivative DNA base pairs à energetically favorable?
• Wet DNA-catalyzed chemical battery experiment and result
• Dry DNA-catalyzed hydrogen fuel cell under room temperature
• Summary and conclusions
On the Possibility of Manipulating Lightwaves via Active Electric Chargescclarbl
‧ Can TEM waves be affected by the presence of electric charges?
‧ We’ve seen role of passive charges → dipoles → dielectrics
‧ Can EM waves/ lights be manipulated meaningfully by
active charges instead?
‧ Exact solution in the presence of still and moving charges
→ useful?
‧ E. T. Whittaker’s two potential general solution → useful?
‧ Feynman’s versatile formula → intuitive and useful?
‧ Scope reduction to steady-state → effect of interfacial & surface active charges
‧ Experiments & results
A Suspected Derivative Morphology for pheophytin (脫鎂葉綠素) and the Enhanced H...cclarbl
The document discusses a conjectured derivative morphology of pheophytin that could facilitate proton conduction and hydrogen decomposition. Quantum simulations showed the derivative structure was energetically favorable. Spectral analyses of extracted pheophytin matched the simulated derivative structure more than the textbook structure. Battery experiments demonstrated pheophytin-catalyzed electrodes produced more discharge than non-catalyzed electrodes, providing evidence pheophytin can catalyze hydrogen decomposition. The findings suggest a derivative pheophytin form may exist that could better explain experimental observations than the accepted textbook structure.
Dr. Chungpin Liao is a Taiwanese inventor born in 1959. He received his PhD in plasma science and fusion technology from MIT in 1992. Since then, he has founded his own research lab focused on cross-disciplinary fields like nanotechnology and photonics. Some of his key inventions include the chlorophyll organic cell, which can generate electricity when wet and can power LED lights for a week. It is biodegradable and can be reused 3-4 times. He has received media coverage and recognition for his inventions in Taiwan.
This document discusses principles of ionization and ion dissociation in mass spectrometry. It covers topics like ionization energy, processes that occur during electron ionization like formation of molecular ions and fragment ions, and ionization by energetic electrons. It also discusses concepts like vertical transitions, where electronic transitions occur much faster than nuclear motions. The document provides background information on fundamental gas phase ion chemistry concepts in mass spectrometry.
The document discusses the use of radioactive isotopes in geology and forensics. It describes the components of atoms, including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Isotopes are variants of the same element that differ in their number of neutrons. Unstable isotopes decay over time, while stable isotopes can be used for radiometric dating. Examples are given of carbon-14 dating of artifacts like the Dead Sea Scrolls and Stonehenge. Forensic cases show how carbon-14 has been used to date things like the Shroud of Turin and nuclear test fallout in teeth.
Synthesis of low spin iron complex as potential redox mediator for DSCsdanielmorales91
This document discusses the synthesis of low spin iron complexes as potential redox mediators for dye sensitized solar cells. The complexes [Fe(bphen)3]2+/3+ are proposed as they may have a large redox potential and fast self-exchange electron rate due to a smaller reorganizational energy. Characterization techniques like NMR, ESR, and cyclic voltammetry will be used. The complexes will be tested in electrolytes with porphyrin dyes and device performance metrics like J/V and IPCE spectra will be analyzed. Modifying the ligands may tune the redox potential to optimize the open circuit voltage while allowing dye regeneration.
This document discusses isotopes and radioactive decay. It defines isotopes as forms of a chemical element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. It describes the history of discoveries in radioactivity by Henri Becquerel, Frederick Soddy, and Ernest Rutherford. It discusses the types of radioactive particles (alpha, beta, gamma rays), their properties, and how radioactive decay occurs. It also covers radioactive decay rates, units of radioactivity like curies, and the concept of half-life.
• Background and motivation – the success of pheophytin (pheo, 脫鎂葉綠素) catalyst
• Porphyrin-ring family and roles of their derivative morphologies
• Similar derivatives within DNA base pairs
• 1st-principle simulation of simplified H2 decomposition steps involving derivative DNA base pairs à energetically favorable?
• Wet DNA-catalyzed chemical battery experiment and result
• Dry DNA-catalyzed hydrogen fuel cell under room temperature
• Summary and conclusions
On the Possibility of Manipulating Lightwaves via Active Electric Chargescclarbl
‧ Can TEM waves be affected by the presence of electric charges?
‧ We’ve seen role of passive charges → dipoles → dielectrics
‧ Can EM waves/ lights be manipulated meaningfully by
active charges instead?
‧ Exact solution in the presence of still and moving charges
→ useful?
‧ E. T. Whittaker’s two potential general solution → useful?
‧ Feynman’s versatile formula → intuitive and useful?
‧ Scope reduction to steady-state → effect of interfacial & surface active charges
‧ Experiments & results
A Suspected Derivative Morphology for pheophytin (脫鎂葉綠素) and the Enhanced H...cclarbl
The document discusses a conjectured derivative morphology of pheophytin that could facilitate proton conduction and hydrogen decomposition. Quantum simulations showed the derivative structure was energetically favorable. Spectral analyses of extracted pheophytin matched the simulated derivative structure more than the textbook structure. Battery experiments demonstrated pheophytin-catalyzed electrodes produced more discharge than non-catalyzed electrodes, providing evidence pheophytin can catalyze hydrogen decomposition. The findings suggest a derivative pheophytin form may exist that could better explain experimental observations than the accepted textbook structure.
Dr. Chungpin Liao is a Taiwanese inventor born in 1959. He received his PhD in plasma science and fusion technology from MIT in 1992. Since then, he has founded his own research lab focused on cross-disciplinary fields like nanotechnology and photonics. Some of his key inventions include the chlorophyll organic cell, which can generate electricity when wet and can power LED lights for a week. It is biodegradable and can be reused 3-4 times. He has received media coverage and recognition for his inventions in Taiwan.
This document discusses principles of ionization and ion dissociation in mass spectrometry. It covers topics like ionization energy, processes that occur during electron ionization like formation of molecular ions and fragment ions, and ionization by energetic electrons. It also discusses concepts like vertical transitions, where electronic transitions occur much faster than nuclear motions. The document provides background information on fundamental gas phase ion chemistry concepts in mass spectrometry.
The document discusses the use of radioactive isotopes in geology and forensics. It describes the components of atoms, including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Isotopes are variants of the same element that differ in their number of neutrons. Unstable isotopes decay over time, while stable isotopes can be used for radiometric dating. Examples are given of carbon-14 dating of artifacts like the Dead Sea Scrolls and Stonehenge. Forensic cases show how carbon-14 has been used to date things like the Shroud of Turin and nuclear test fallout in teeth.
Synthesis of low spin iron complex as potential redox mediator for DSCsdanielmorales91
This document discusses the synthesis of low spin iron complexes as potential redox mediators for dye sensitized solar cells. The complexes [Fe(bphen)3]2+/3+ are proposed as they may have a large redox potential and fast self-exchange electron rate due to a smaller reorganizational energy. Characterization techniques like NMR, ESR, and cyclic voltammetry will be used. The complexes will be tested in electrolytes with porphyrin dyes and device performance metrics like J/V and IPCE spectra will be analyzed. Modifying the ligands may tune the redox potential to optimize the open circuit voltage while allowing dye regeneration.
This document discusses isotopes and radioactive decay. It defines isotopes as forms of a chemical element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. It describes the history of discoveries in radioactivity by Henri Becquerel, Frederick Soddy, and Ernest Rutherford. It discusses the types of radioactive particles (alpha, beta, gamma rays), their properties, and how radioactive decay occurs. It also covers radioactive decay rates, units of radioactivity like curies, and the concept of half-life.
The document discusses the structure of atoms including subatomic particles like protons, neutrons and electrons. It describes atomic number and mass number, isotopes, radioactive decay, and different types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma). It explains how radiation can be detected and some uses and biological effects of radiation including cancer risks from ionizing radiation. The concept of half-life is introduced with examples of how radioactive materials decay over time in a predictable pattern.
Photochemical study of micelles in photogalvanic cell for solar energy converIAEME Publication
- The document describes a study of a photogalvanic cell containing Rhodamine 6G, EDTA, and sodium lauryl sulfate (NaLS) for solar energy conversion and storage.
- Key results include a maximum photopotential of 905.0 mV, photocurrent of 450.0 μA, conversion efficiency of 1.26%, fill factor of 0.2516, and storage capacity of 170 minutes under illumination for 140 minutes.
- The effects of varying the concentrations of dye, reductant, and micelles were investigated, finding optimal values that produced the highest electrical outputs from the cell. Other parameters such as pH, diffusion length, and electrode area were also examined.
The document summarizes the development and validation of a photocalorimetry technique. It outlines the design of the photocalorimeter instrument and describes validation methods using chemical actinometers like 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and ferrioxalate in solution. Nifedipine degradation experiments were used to validate the technique for solids. Results showed 2-NB provided more stable calibration than ferrioxalate. Future work will apply the technique to study effects of wavelength, moisture and temperature on solid-state reactions.
Impact of electronic correlation on the electron-phonon couplingClaudio Attaccalite
1) Electronic correlation effects are not fully captured by DFT calculations of electron-phonon coupling (EPC). GW and hybrid functional methods can provide corrections.
2) GW calculations have shown that EPC values can be underestimated or overestimated by DFT. Correlation effects can also lead to new physics in EPC.
3) Simplified approaches have been developed to approximate GW corrections to EPC in order to reduce computational cost, such as using static screening or thermal averaging. These approaches have been shown to improve predictions of properties like phonon dispersions and superconducting transition temperatures.
This document discusses the absorption of light by particles in a 1D box. It explains that the energy of the particle is associated with its wavelength based on requiring the particle's wavefunction to be zero at the ends of the box. For a conjugated hydrocarbon like butadiene, the length of the box is estimated to be 578 pm. The wavelength where absorption will occur can be calculated using Planck's relation and equating the energy gap to hν. A longer conjugated molecule like beta-carotene, which appears orange, absorbs visible light with a maximum wavelength of 455 nm due to its extended conjugated system acting as a longer 1D box.
This document describes a new tissue-equivalent plastic called A-181 that accurately simulates the photon and neutron absorption properties of brain tissue. A-181 was formulated to match the recommended hydrogen and nitrogen content of brain tissue for applications using low-energy neutrons like boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Measurements using A-181 and the standard muscle tissue equivalent plastic A-150 in a BNCT beam show good agreement with Monte Carlo calculations and demonstrate A-181's suitability for neutron dosimetry in brain tissue.
The document discusses absorption and action spectra of chlorophyll pigments. It provides details on how accessory pigments help extend the range of light absorption. The key differences between absorption and action spectra are explained, with the action spectrum showing the relative effectiveness of different light wavelengths for photosynthesis. The classic experiment by Engelmann to determine the action spectrum using algal cells and bacteria is summarized.
(1) The document discusses doping of semiconductors and transition metal oxides, including n-type and p-type doping of silicon. It also covers band structure diagrams and density of states plots.
(2) Preparation methods for metal oxides include molecular synthesis and solid state synthesis. Modification of solids can occur through ion exchange or intercalation. Lithium ion batteries operate through lithium intercalation into graphite.
(3) Characterization techniques covered are XRD for crystal structure analysis and electron microscopy. Magnetic properties depend on temperature; ferromagnets become paramagnetic above the Curie temperature. Spinels can exhibit ferrimagnetism from opposing sublattice
NANO281 is the University of California San Diego NanoEngineering Department's first course on the application of data science in materials science. It is taught by Professor Shyue Ping Ong of the Materials Virtual Lab (http://www.materialsvirtuallab.org).
Plenary lecture given by Prof. Katsuhiko Ariga (WPI-MANA, NIMS and University of Tokyo, Japan) on September 12, 2017 in Gramado (Brazil) during the XVI B-MRS Meeting.
Spectroscopic methods in Inorganic ChemistryChris Sonntag
This document provides an overview of spectroscopic methods in inorganic chemistry, focusing on infrared (IR) spectroscopy. It discusses key concepts like dipole moments, factors that influence bond vibrational frequencies, and using symmetry to determine vibration modes. Specific applications covered include identifying functional groups, distinguishing between cis and trans transition metal carbonyl complexes using IR spectra, and analyzing metal-ligand vibrations in complexes. The document also lists several online resources for IR spectral simulation, prediction, and reference databases.
Fluoride Recognition of Amide- and Pyrrole-Based Receptors: A Theoretical Study drboon
The novel amide-based receptors, N-(anthracen-1-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide (1) and N-(8-(1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamido) anthracen-1-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide (2) have been designed and investigated for their halide ion recognition using the density functional theory calculations in gas and solvent phases. Electronic and thermodynamic properties of halide ion binding complexes of receptors were investigated. Intermolecular interactions in all the studied complexes occurring via hydrogen bonding are found. The designed receptors 1 and 2 are found to be excellent selectivity for fluoride ion in both gas and solvent phases.
Computational chemistry methods can be used to predict the photophysical properties of BODIPY dyes. The author performed preliminary work validating their computational approach by comparing excited state calculations on 26 BODIPY dyes to experimental data. Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to sample potential energy surfaces and check for non-parallelity between time-dependent density functional theory and restricted open-shell Kohn-Sham methods. Interactions between BODIPY dyes and oxygen were modeled to study singlet oxygen generation pathways.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
I show how much GW corrections are important not only for the band structure but also in the calculation of the electron-phonon matrix elements. I present different examples and comparison with the experimental results.
1) The document describes the development of a new oxynitride-based phosphor called Y10Al2Si3O18N4:Re3+ (YAlSiON:Re3+) that can efficiently convert near-UV light from LEDs into blue, green, and orange colors.
2) By controlling the composition, the phosphor can produce tricolor emission without reabsorption of green and orange light in the blue region.
3) Energy transfer mechanisms allow production of blue light from Ce3+, green light from Ce3+-Tb3+ transfer, and orange light from Ce3+ → Tb3+ → Eu3+ transfer, enabling full-color emission from a
This document discusses nanoantennas and their applications. Nanoantennas are analogous to phenomena in metallic nanostructures called localized surface plasmon resonance where radiation energy is converted to localized energy. Nanoantennas have a wide range of applications including nanophotonics, plasmonic solar cells, metamaterials, chemical and biomedical sensing, on-chip interconnects, and more. However, nanoantennas require quantum mechanical treatment rather than classical treatment due to their small size. The author proposes ideas for improving nanoantenna efficiency including optimizing antenna elements, using coupling capacitance, graphene-based absorbing antennas, and circuit implementations.
This document describes a comparative study of ZnO layers grown using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and radio frequency (RF) sputtering techniques. It discusses the properties and applications of ZnO, the deposition techniques, and characterization methods like current-voltage measurement, deep level transient spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The goals of the study are to understand defects in ZnO grown by different methods and correlate growth parameters with material properties to enable high-performance ZnO-based optical and electronic devices.
The document discusses the structure of atoms including subatomic particles like protons, neutrons and electrons. It describes atomic number and mass number, isotopes, radioactive decay, and different types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma). It explains how radiation can be detected and some uses and biological effects of radiation including cancer risks from ionizing radiation. The concept of half-life is introduced with examples of how radioactive materials decay over time in a predictable pattern.
Photochemical study of micelles in photogalvanic cell for solar energy converIAEME Publication
- The document describes a study of a photogalvanic cell containing Rhodamine 6G, EDTA, and sodium lauryl sulfate (NaLS) for solar energy conversion and storage.
- Key results include a maximum photopotential of 905.0 mV, photocurrent of 450.0 μA, conversion efficiency of 1.26%, fill factor of 0.2516, and storage capacity of 170 minutes under illumination for 140 minutes.
- The effects of varying the concentrations of dye, reductant, and micelles were investigated, finding optimal values that produced the highest electrical outputs from the cell. Other parameters such as pH, diffusion length, and electrode area were also examined.
The document summarizes the development and validation of a photocalorimetry technique. It outlines the design of the photocalorimeter instrument and describes validation methods using chemical actinometers like 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and ferrioxalate in solution. Nifedipine degradation experiments were used to validate the technique for solids. Results showed 2-NB provided more stable calibration than ferrioxalate. Future work will apply the technique to study effects of wavelength, moisture and temperature on solid-state reactions.
Impact of electronic correlation on the electron-phonon couplingClaudio Attaccalite
1) Electronic correlation effects are not fully captured by DFT calculations of electron-phonon coupling (EPC). GW and hybrid functional methods can provide corrections.
2) GW calculations have shown that EPC values can be underestimated or overestimated by DFT. Correlation effects can also lead to new physics in EPC.
3) Simplified approaches have been developed to approximate GW corrections to EPC in order to reduce computational cost, such as using static screening or thermal averaging. These approaches have been shown to improve predictions of properties like phonon dispersions and superconducting transition temperatures.
This document discusses the absorption of light by particles in a 1D box. It explains that the energy of the particle is associated with its wavelength based on requiring the particle's wavefunction to be zero at the ends of the box. For a conjugated hydrocarbon like butadiene, the length of the box is estimated to be 578 pm. The wavelength where absorption will occur can be calculated using Planck's relation and equating the energy gap to hν. A longer conjugated molecule like beta-carotene, which appears orange, absorbs visible light with a maximum wavelength of 455 nm due to its extended conjugated system acting as a longer 1D box.
This document describes a new tissue-equivalent plastic called A-181 that accurately simulates the photon and neutron absorption properties of brain tissue. A-181 was formulated to match the recommended hydrogen and nitrogen content of brain tissue for applications using low-energy neutrons like boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Measurements using A-181 and the standard muscle tissue equivalent plastic A-150 in a BNCT beam show good agreement with Monte Carlo calculations and demonstrate A-181's suitability for neutron dosimetry in brain tissue.
The document discusses absorption and action spectra of chlorophyll pigments. It provides details on how accessory pigments help extend the range of light absorption. The key differences between absorption and action spectra are explained, with the action spectrum showing the relative effectiveness of different light wavelengths for photosynthesis. The classic experiment by Engelmann to determine the action spectrum using algal cells and bacteria is summarized.
(1) The document discusses doping of semiconductors and transition metal oxides, including n-type and p-type doping of silicon. It also covers band structure diagrams and density of states plots.
(2) Preparation methods for metal oxides include molecular synthesis and solid state synthesis. Modification of solids can occur through ion exchange or intercalation. Lithium ion batteries operate through lithium intercalation into graphite.
(3) Characterization techniques covered are XRD for crystal structure analysis and electron microscopy. Magnetic properties depend on temperature; ferromagnets become paramagnetic above the Curie temperature. Spinels can exhibit ferrimagnetism from opposing sublattice
NANO281 is the University of California San Diego NanoEngineering Department's first course on the application of data science in materials science. It is taught by Professor Shyue Ping Ong of the Materials Virtual Lab (http://www.materialsvirtuallab.org).
Plenary lecture given by Prof. Katsuhiko Ariga (WPI-MANA, NIMS and University of Tokyo, Japan) on September 12, 2017 in Gramado (Brazil) during the XVI B-MRS Meeting.
Spectroscopic methods in Inorganic ChemistryChris Sonntag
This document provides an overview of spectroscopic methods in inorganic chemistry, focusing on infrared (IR) spectroscopy. It discusses key concepts like dipole moments, factors that influence bond vibrational frequencies, and using symmetry to determine vibration modes. Specific applications covered include identifying functional groups, distinguishing between cis and trans transition metal carbonyl complexes using IR spectra, and analyzing metal-ligand vibrations in complexes. The document also lists several online resources for IR spectral simulation, prediction, and reference databases.
Fluoride Recognition of Amide- and Pyrrole-Based Receptors: A Theoretical Study drboon
The novel amide-based receptors, N-(anthracen-1-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide (1) and N-(8-(1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamido) anthracen-1-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide (2) have been designed and investigated for their halide ion recognition using the density functional theory calculations in gas and solvent phases. Electronic and thermodynamic properties of halide ion binding complexes of receptors were investigated. Intermolecular interactions in all the studied complexes occurring via hydrogen bonding are found. The designed receptors 1 and 2 are found to be excellent selectivity for fluoride ion in both gas and solvent phases.
Computational chemistry methods can be used to predict the photophysical properties of BODIPY dyes. The author performed preliminary work validating their computational approach by comparing excited state calculations on 26 BODIPY dyes to experimental data. Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to sample potential energy surfaces and check for non-parallelity between time-dependent density functional theory and restricted open-shell Kohn-Sham methods. Interactions between BODIPY dyes and oxygen were modeled to study singlet oxygen generation pathways.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
I show how much GW corrections are important not only for the band structure but also in the calculation of the electron-phonon matrix elements. I present different examples and comparison with the experimental results.
1) The document describes the development of a new oxynitride-based phosphor called Y10Al2Si3O18N4:Re3+ (YAlSiON:Re3+) that can efficiently convert near-UV light from LEDs into blue, green, and orange colors.
2) By controlling the composition, the phosphor can produce tricolor emission without reabsorption of green and orange light in the blue region.
3) Energy transfer mechanisms allow production of blue light from Ce3+, green light from Ce3+-Tb3+ transfer, and orange light from Ce3+ → Tb3+ → Eu3+ transfer, enabling full-color emission from a
This document discusses nanoantennas and their applications. Nanoantennas are analogous to phenomena in metallic nanostructures called localized surface plasmon resonance where radiation energy is converted to localized energy. Nanoantennas have a wide range of applications including nanophotonics, plasmonic solar cells, metamaterials, chemical and biomedical sensing, on-chip interconnects, and more. However, nanoantennas require quantum mechanical treatment rather than classical treatment due to their small size. The author proposes ideas for improving nanoantenna efficiency including optimizing antenna elements, using coupling capacitance, graphene-based absorbing antennas, and circuit implementations.
This document describes a comparative study of ZnO layers grown using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and radio frequency (RF) sputtering techniques. It discusses the properties and applications of ZnO, the deposition techniques, and characterization methods like current-voltage measurement, deep level transient spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The goals of the study are to understand defects in ZnO grown by different methods and correlate growth parameters with material properties to enable high-performance ZnO-based optical and electronic devices.
Visualizing Radiation Physics Concepts with photon electron particle tracksShahid Naqvi
This document describes advanced computer simulation and visualization tools to enhance understanding of core medical physics concepts. It presents two tools: 1) A Monte Carlo code called Athena that explicitly visualizes radiation physics processes to illustrate their connection to clinical physics. 2) A particle simulator that models particles in electromagnetic fields to illustrate devices like linear accelerators. The tools help elucidate physics by breaking processes into layers, develop physical insight, and reduce commissioning errors for safer patient treatment.
This document provides information about swift heavy ion irradiation and its role in materials science. It discusses the 15UD Pelletron facility at Inter University Accelerator Centre in New Delhi, India, which can produce beams of various heavy ions up to 15MV. Energetic heavy ions can modify materials through electronic and nuclear energy loss. Defect formation, amorphization, and phase transformations can occur in materials due to swift heavy ion irradiation. The document focuses on using this technique to study and modify properties of nonlinear optical materials for applications in photonics and optoelectronics.
This document discusses several projects related to plasma physics and nuclear physics that the author has worked on. It includes projects studying nuclear reactions in metals using deuterium absorption, characterizing electric arcs using electrical probes, using inductively coupled plasma for optical manufacturing, producing nanoparticles via laser ablation, and using neutron and gamma interrogation for security screening of luggage and parcels. Diagrams and images from various experiments and equipment are provided.
Lattice Energy LLC-Synopses of Selected WLT Technical Papers-Jan 30 2012Lewis Larsen
This document provides summaries of several technical papers published by A. Widom and L. Larsen of Lattice Energy LLC regarding their theory of low-energy nuclear reactions (LENRs). The papers explain the physics behind how LENRs may occur at metallic hydride surfaces and how this could explain experimental results without requiring new physics. Key aspects of the theory include the production of ultra-low momentum neutrons via weak interactions of electrons and protons/deuterons, and the ability of heavy electrons to absorb and downconvert gamma rays into lower energy photons. The summaries provide an overview of the theoretical work and how it relates to experimental observations of LENR phenomena.
Dr. AVS Suresh, MD, DM, ECMO, Consultant Hemato-Oncologist, Chief Scientific Officer & Director, ClinSync, on the man-made as well as other kind of EMF radiation.
X- Rays were discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen, so x-rays are also called Roentgen rays.
X-ray diffraction in crystals was discovered by Max von Laue. The wavelength range is 10-7 to about 10-15 m.
The penetrating power of x-rays depends on energy-
Hard x-rays: High frequency & More energy
Soft x-rays: Less penetrating & Low energy
X-rays are short-wavelength electromagnetic radiations produced by the deceleration of high energy electrons or by electronic transitions of electrons in the inner orbital of atoms.
X-ray region- 0.1-100 A˚
Analytical purpose- 0.7-2 A˚
Properties: Highly penetrating invisible rays
Liberate minute amounts of heat on passing through matter
Not deflected by electric and magnetic fields
Poly energetic, having widespread energies and wavelengths
Cause ionization (adding or removing electrons in atoms and molecules)
Transmitted by (pass-through) healthy body tissue
Principle: X-ray diffraction is based on constructive interference of monochromatic x-rays and a crystalline sample.
The interaction of incident rays with the sample produces constructive interference when conditions satisfy Bragg’s law.
Production of x rays: X- Rays are generated when the high velocity of electrons impinge on a metal target.
1% of total energy of the electron beam is converted into X –radiation.
ML-3 - Persistent Phosphors under PressurePhilippe Smet
Slides from plenary talk at the Third Conference on Mechanoluminescence and Novel structural health diagnosis, Hong Kong, December 15-17 2017. Covers absolute trapping capacity of persistent phosphors, the number and nature of energy traps and ML in selected compounds (BaSi2O2N2:Eu and CaZnOS:Mn).
The document discusses the origin of radiation-induced degradation in polymer solar cells. It finds that charge accumulation at the interface is the primary reason for degradation, affected by the donor-acceptor mixing ratio in the bulk heterojunction. In situ measurements of polymer solar cell performance and recombination lifetimes under X-ray radiation show that devices with high acceptor concentrations experience a significant decrease in open-circuit voltage and fill factor due to radiation, while devices with low acceptor concentrations are more resistant to these changes. The findings provide a quantitative understanding and physical model of the degradation mechanism.
1) DUNE aims to resolve the matter-antimatter asymmetry by searching for neutron-antineutron oscillations, a baryon number violating process.
2) Simulations of atmospheric neutrino backgrounds that could mimic the signal are underway using GENIE to determine the viability of detecting oscillations above background levels.
3) If viable, the analysis will consider effects of cosmogenic muons and fast neutrons, with generators for neutron-antineutron interactions in argon under construction.
The document provides information about lasers and semiconductor lasers, including:
1. It defines lasers and discusses population inversion, which is required for lasing action. Semiconducting lasers use a 3-state system to achieve population inversion.
2. Semiconducting lasers are multilayer semiconductor devices that generate coherent, monochromatic light through stimulated emission.
3. One application is in fibre optic communication, where semiconductor lasers provide a coherent light source that reduces information loss during transmission.
1) Organic semi-conductors (OSC) like TIPS-pentacene are used in organic photovoltaics and field effect transistors. OSCs have π-conjugated organic molecules that allow charge transport through hopping between molecules.
2) The document discusses the fundamentals of OSC including their electronic band structure and density of states. Charge transport in OSCs occurs through hopping between localized states and is dependent on temperature.
3) Applications of OSCs discussed include organic solar cells and organic field effect transistors. Key parameters for these devices like mobility, threshold voltage and on/off ratio are explained. The effect of solvent on the optical properties of OSC thin films is also summarized
This document summarizes the fundamentals of nonlinear optical materials. It discusses how nonlinear optical materials play a major role in nonlinear optics and their impact on information technology and applications. Nonlinear optical effects can be represented by Maxwell's equations, with the total polarization consisting of a linear and nonlinear component. Second-order effects like second harmonic generation depend on the material's nonlinear susceptibility χ(2) and require the material to be non-centrosymmetric. Third-order effects dominate in centrosymmetric materials and include third harmonic generation and the optical Kerr effect. Parametric processes also allow frequency conversion through phase matching of waves. Nonlinear optical materials are crucial for applications like optical switching and communication.
Abstract 2D Photonic Crystal ( Pc ) Based Power SplitterSonia Sanchez
The document discusses photonic crystal (PC) based power splitters and mode selective devices. It describes the design of a 2D PC power splitter with 60° bend corners that achieves 98.1% power transmission efficiency by incorporating rectangular defects. It also analyzes a Y-splitter using antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides that achieves 93.3% power transmission. Mode selective devices are categorized as either free-space based or fiber based, with fiber based being more compact. Fiber based devices transmit in LP01 and LP11 modes over few-mode fiber.
Parametric oscillation of optical phonons in magnetoactive III-V semiconductorsIRJET Journal
1) The document analytically studies parametric oscillation of optical phonons in magnetized doped III-V semiconductors using hydrodynamic modeling of semiconductor plasmas and coupled mode theory of interacting waves.
2) It derives expressions for the threshold pump intensity and conversion efficiency of a proposed single resonant parametric oscillator using this model.
3) Numerical analysis is performed for an n-InSb crystal laser to analyze the effects of transverse magnetic field, mirror reflectivity, crystal length, and other parameters on the threshold pump intensity and conversion efficiency.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...Creative-Biolabs
Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptxgoluk9330
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Abstract: Reproducibility (aka determinism in some cases) constitutes a fundamental aspect in various fields of computer science, such as floating-point computations in numerical analysis and simulation, concurrency models in parallelism, reproducible builds for third parties integration and packaging, and containerization for execution environments. These concepts, while pervasive across diverse concerns, often exhibit intricate inter-dependencies, making it challenging to achieve a comprehensive understanding. In this short and vision paper we delve into the application of software engineering techniques, specifically variability management, to systematically identify and explicit points of variability that may give rise to reproducibility issues (eg language, libraries, compiler, virtual machine, OS, environment variables, etc). The primary objectives are: i) gaining insights into the variability layers and their possible interactions, ii) capturing and documenting configurations for the sake of reproducibility, and iii) exploring diverse configurations to replicate, and hence validate and ensure the robustness of results. By adopting these methodologies, we aim to address the complexities associated with reproducibility and replicability in modern software systems and environments, facilitating a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective on these critical aspects.
https://hal.science/hal-04582287
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDSSérgio Sacani
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...Sérgio Sacani
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
淺談光電同調控制的觀點在材料開發與應用上可能帶來的改變
1. 淺談光電同調控制(Coherent Control)的
觀點在材料開發與應用上可能帶來之改變
On Novel Materials Exploration and Applications
Possibly Brought by the Photonic Coherent Control Perspective
Speaker: Chungpin Liao (Hovering)
廖重賓(飛翔)
國立虎尾科技大學光電所
光電同調控制實驗室(Coherent Control Lab.)
cpliao@alum.mit.edu
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 1
2. 2009/12/10 National Formosa University -
cpliao
2
Outline
Coherent Control (同調控制) in the Wide Sense
Some Emerging New Topics & Thoughts
More Wild Topics to Scratch Our Heads Over
3. Coherent Control (同調控制) in the Wide Sense
Definition:
The use of coherent radiation, generated by various driving sources,
to change the behavior of atomic, molecular, or electronic systems,
often to alter the likelihood of a chemical reaction
Driving sources: 1. Wave 2. Particle 3. Dipole Engineering 4. Mind
Goals: 1. Permanent property modification
2. Dynamic performance change
Gene algorithm
Real-time probe
Brain
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 3
4. Some Emerging New Topics & Thoughts
• Electro-Optics is actually Electro and Optics separately
at present. (SPR)
• Magnetics remains an area of very low frequency,
far from light frequencies. (r)
• Conductivity remains quantity of relatively low frequency,
far from light frequencies. (passive elements, Weibel amplifier)
• New possibilities for optics emerge in the nanotechnology
era. (dipole engineering: FreqPush, AsymScat, newBrewster)
• Applications based on interactions between lights and
bio-systems / bio-materials are thriving. (Kirlian, SEA,
light-protein, LLLT, GdIONP magnetic fluid hyperthermia)
• High efficiency solar energy harvester is in mind.
(chl-a organic cell)
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 4
5. Electro-Optics is actually Electro and Optics separately at present. (SPR)
Fastest electronic gate: ~ 30 GHz in literature, ~ 10 GHz in industry
Visible light frequency: ~ 1015 Hz
10 GHz : 1015 Hz = 1 : 105 electronics never catches up with lights!
In a way, present day Electro-Optics or Photonics are mere “low-end”
products of what the real Electro-Optics combination should be.
There are much room left in the upper frequencies for electronics!
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 5
6. Currently, probably the only exception is the surface plasmon resonance
(SPR) in which a light frequency electro-optic complex is formed, even though
it is not a tangible optic device like a lens still.
Further, developing large-kx SPR would be needed.
(So far, only small kx is accessible by optical means.)
0
1
2
Surface Plasma Wave
p-wave
Prism
Metal
Sample
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 6
7. Magnetics remains an area of very low frequency, far from light frequencies. (r)
Recall that the index of refraction (n) of a material is:
r r n
We are only relatively good at measuring or even making materials represented
by the dielectric coefficient r which are responsive at light frequencies.
There are simply no light frequency magnets!
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 7
8. Conductivity remains quantity of relatively low frequency, far from
light frequencies. (passive elements, Weibel amplifier)
To achieve very high speed (or, at light frequencies) new electro-optic circuits,
we’d likely need conducting interconnects functioning at such speed.
For example, a future SPR circuits functioning
at light frequencies would need unique wave
filters, reflectors, phase changers, relays and
interconnectors.
Possible Weibel amplifier
for lights in the air – patent pending
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 8
9. New possibilities for optics emerge in the nanotechnology era
(dipole engineering: FreqPush, AsymScat, newBrewster)
All macroscopic optical phenomena (e.g., reflection, refraction, transmission,
diffraction) are the results of combining (interfering) numerous microscopic
quantum light scattering scenarios from dipoles.
In the eyes of light waves, all living and nonliving things are dipoles (including
induced and permanent).
-
+
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 9
10. The traditional Fresnel equations in the electromagnetic theory have been
used in determining the light power distribution at an interface joining
two different media in general.
When expressed in terms of dipoles, the right places (volumetric and
interfacial) to alter the light refraction behaviors become clear.
t
sin
i t i
t i
cos
t
sin
cos
a b
E E E E E
E
i r t
|| || || || || ||
t S t
s
x
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 10
p
i
P M
E
2cos sin
0
0
0
i t i
t i
p
r
P M
E
2 cos sin
0
0
0
volumetric interfacial
S t k r t
M s s
cos
1
0
new Brewster angle asymmetric refraction
11. Dipole Engineering
Thus, manipulating nano or molecular dipoles (including adding different
types and numbers) can lead us to all new light behaviors,
as well as novel optical materials and devices.
It can be applied to achieve, e.g., emergence of a shifted resonance,
asymmetric refraction, new Brewster angle, etc.
Q: Technically how?
A: e.g., using light curing (光硬化) process and magnetized Fe3O4
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 11
12. transmission (red light)
intrinsic new
Multiple Brewster angles
Two Brewster angles due to
adding of magnetic particles
(0.2 micron dia.) (wt % =
0.057% ) in UV jell
electric dipole
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 12
13. E
t i
S cos
t
y M
i
n
0
n n
cos
cos
i
t
t
t
0
i
due to distributed double layer
t
traditional
t
t
i
cos cos
i
i
cos cos
i
n n
i
n n
i
t
t
t
t
r
0
i p
p
E
E
r
0
S t
cos cos
x M t
E
t i
t
n
0
n n
cos
cos
i
i
t
t
0
t
due to distributed double layer
i
traditional
t
t
t
cos cos
t
t
cos cos
t
n n
i
n n
i
i
i
i
i
r
0
i s
r
s
E
E
0
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 13
14. Asymmetric
refraction
on PVDF,
where
[[E||]] no longer
vanishes
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 14
15. Applications based on interactions between lights and
bio-systems / bio-materials are thriving.
(Kirlian, SEA, light-protein induction, LLLT,
GdIONP magnetic fluid hyperthermia)
Kirlian Photography (靈光照相術)
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 15
16. • Kirlian photography has been mystical and controversial, and perhaps most
famous for its “phantom leaf” (幽靈葉子) phenomenon.
(a) Leaf intact (b) Trimmed leaf
(Courtesy of K. L. Johnson)
(Courtesy of Peter P. Gariaev, Tovmash Alexey)
and Ekaterina A. Leonova-Gariaeva
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 16
17. Comparison in 2D-spatial-FFT space:
正常挫敗感
癌症1 癌症2
自閉症
由轉換後之頻率域
圖可明顯發現其生
物生、心理狀態不
同,會呈現不同的
特徵,相較於空間
域而言,在空間域
不容易發現特徵。
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 17
18. 6000
4000
2000
0
空氣
200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Wavelength(nm)
Counts
• Living and non-living subjects are
“Kirlian-wise” different.
• Not due to water molecules, since
coin gives out auro too.
• Not due to human-released
molecules, since all Kirlian
discharge are characterized by
the same “air spectrum”(UV).
• Living subjects seem to have their “fields”
(生物能場 coherent control source?)
interacting with the imposed discharging field
to give out variable Kirlian patterns.
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 18
19. Subtle energy analyzer (SEA) is used to probe microscopic current
flow in humans and in plants when subjected to lights.
Plant wound current (受傷電流) morphology measurement
via subtle energy analyzer (SEA) – being treated by photonic means
A1: (受傷前) (放大
後) (縱軸
0.02=>0.004)
A2: (受傷後) (放
大後) (縱軸
0.02=>0.004)
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 19
20. Low-level laser therapy 1 min
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -
cpliao
20
雙極肢電導(Lead
I~III)
胸電導(V1~V6)
增強單極肢電導(aVR、aVL、aVF)
治療前濾波訊號1 0~50
治療後濾波訊號1 0~50
LLLT-caused
accumulation
25. Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) using optical drives
MFH + microwave AC magnetic field have been used in cancer treatment.
We instead discovered that the coherent optical means is much more effective,
via using CASTEP simulations (1st -principle quantum mechanical code).
Fe3O4
GdIONP: Gd-doped iron oxide nano-particle
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 25
26. High efficiency solar energy harvester is in mind.
(chl-a organic cell)
In rivaling with the dye-sensitized photocell (染料敏化太陽能電池),
we are considering direct engineering on chlorophyll (葉綠素).
1 kW/m2
(100 mW/cm2)
According to DMol3 simulations (another 1st-principle quantum mechanical
Code), ~ 9 V is reached.
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 26
30. Organic painting electric skin treatment
(有機電池人體彩繪): 除眼黛、去脂、活化、、、
can be by painting or in paper patterns for pasting
Beneath skin treatment Local spot treatment
+
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 30
31. More Wild Topics to Scratch Our Heads Over
Is light a particle or wave? What’s their difference in terms of applications?
The most accurate physics theory nowadays is quantum mechanics.
Within it, the most accurate one is QED (quantum electrodynamics).
In QED, light is particulate, and in unit of photon traveling at the light speed c.
The particle picture then reveals what a quantum scattering is and how
a light beam can slow down in a material, even a “photon” can only travel at c.
The wave picture may guide us in searching for how lights influence protein
generation and cell birth/death dynamics (e.g., through cytochrome-C, Bcl-2,
p53, etc.).
What’s that in a general material that can interact with lights?
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 31
32. A light beam can heat up a chunk of wood or a piece of metal. Can it be
solely explained from energy flux perspective? What about charge?
E
B
F il B B
So, an AC current arises
So, a force resulted to
do WORK
on the electron cloud
(the whole thing: a dipole)
The same mechanism works for insulators,
such as a piece of dry wood,
except that there the
electrons are NOT free to move around. (dipole)
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 32
33. Why can light slow down in media? What’s changed? Wavelength
or frequency? Why? Does it have to be so always?
dipoles
' s added
t
c
A phase lag means
delay in arrival.
Under all circumstances, a photon can only travel at the light speed c.
However, there are intermittent disappearances (wherein new
photon-dipole complexes are formed) of a photon during its passage through
“a cluster of dipoles”– a material in general.
So, macroscopically (after the averaging), the lightwave is slowed down in
that material, with the phase velocity changed from c to v.
Q: Can robust new materials be created in this manner such that c v 0 ?
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 33
34. Is the color sequence of a rainbow fixed? What has caused it so?
The rainbow pattern is the way it is because of the fact: n_red < n_orange
< n_yellow < n_green < n_blue < n_indigo < n_violet.
This is because the resonance is at UV. And, it can be changed.
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 34
35. If the resonance can be moved to the visible range…
For a glass thin-wall hollow prism filled with fuchsine (C20H19N3·HCl, 品紅)
and alcohol, light trespassing through experiences a resonance absorption
at green color, the refraction pattern becomes:
Blue
Indigo
Violet
dark
Red
Orange
Yellow
visible
R O Y G BIV UV
Q: Can you imagine the subsequent possible effects on humans and plants?
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 35
36. An electron is always anti-magnetic (diamagnetic), and every substance is
made of electrons, how come there are paramagnetic and even
ferromagnetic materials? What about situations at light frequencies?
An electron can certainly catch up with the light frequency since we
already see abundant light-responsive dielectrics resulting from
electronic responses to lights.
0H
electron
So, it must be related to the way
the atoms are stacked (or, latticed).
Entering the nanotech era, new morphology-modified high-frequency
magnetics are very possible.
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 36
37. If everything in this universe is a mere cluster of dipoles (electric and
magnetic) in the eyes of lights, why cannot we have new, revolutionary
optical materials and devices?
We certainly can. Especially, dipoles take all kind of forms.
So, there are abundantly many opportunities in front of us, spanning
from microwave to gamma ray frequencies!
Further, why cannot we manipulate lights in biological ways such that
they become favorable to human beings, creatures, plants, foods,
energy production, and environmental protection? (coherent control)
Gene algorithm
Real-time probe
Brain
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 37
38. Is there a light highway system within each human body or each plant?
According to Dr. Fei-Lun (費倫)’s discovery, there are at least two “liquid
crystals” (in the form of 膠原纖維(collagen fiber)) connecting two
adjacent cells within human body and these fibers overall might just
constitute a light highway system.
Ongoing numerical simulations (CASTEP, DMol3, OptiFDTD) and literature
indicate that IR lights in the range of 4 – 20 m, as well as UV lights of
200-300 nm, can almost freely pass through this light highway.
Is 灸in Chinese medication, simply to supply the needed IR spectrum?
In that sense, are Chinese meridians (經絡) related to this light highway?
Also, IR lights (in the form human body heat) may be a crucial ingredient
to trigger the generation of needed proteins in human body (see below).
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 38
39. If so, can light medicine (or, even quantum medicine) be realized?
In principle, yes, by sending correctly coded light pulse sequences or
light interference, or quantum waves into the human body along
the light highway.
Light pulse sequences should evolve (e.g., via gene algorithm) to adapt
to the best fighting positions to break the target bonding.
Correct light interference will sample the A, T, C, G distribution of the
promoter of a desired protein in an attempt to lead to the generation of
that specific protein.
Light or electric waves mimicking quantum wavefunctions may be
implemented to make up a missed pattern under the guidance of an MRA
(magnetic resonance analyzer, 共鳴磁場分析器)
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 39
40. Light message on the level of DNA (or RNA):
Light Capsule (光膠囊) 光彈 給予適切的光訊息– patent pending
By utilizing the theory of protein induction through instructive messages
embedded in light interference (光干涉)
Q: As a side remark, are all complexities within human body regulated by
simply 2% of DNA, while the rest 98% are merely junks?
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 40
41. The importance of sun lights to all life forms on earth is not just as energy
sources, but more subtly as information field.
Theory:
Nucleotides (A, T, G, C) activation probability distribution
established by light interference absorption spectra
= Population probability density distribution of nucleotides
in a promoter
The absorption spectra of all four nucleotides
in the wavelength range of 220nm~300nm
E.g., for 3-wave interference:
3 3
a
P f f
A A i T i
i i
1 1
3 2
f f
A i j T i j
i , j i ,
j
f f
A i j k T i j k
i , j , k i ,
j
b
9 2
c
27 2
similarly for PT, PC, PG, before normalization
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 41
f
42. Almost all known population distributions of light-sensitive promoters can be
reconstructed by light interference absorption distribution.
T
(a)
T
(b)
A
A
G
G
C
C
A T G C
(c)
Assumption: absorption activation
Use artificial lights
E.g.:
(a) G-BOX nucleotides population
probability distribution
(b) Nucleotides excitation distribution
constructed from absorption of
light interference
(231nm, 496nm and 720nm)
(c) Nucleotides excitation distribution
from absorption of light interference
(239nm, 333nm and 701nm)
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 42
43. Protein induction: - activating protein promoters (啟動子)
through light interference action
E.g., 針對參與乳酸化過程的乳酸菌基因
Background:
乳酸化過程是由乳酸菌所產生的許多蛋白激酶所共同作用而完成,
乳酸(Lactate)是其中的一種生成物,如果特定的光線可以使得乳酸增加
而導致溶液中的pH值下降,那麼該光線可能活化了某些蛋白激酶,
使得乳酸的濃度上升。
乳酸化過程:
乳酸(Lactate)主要是丙酮酸(Pyruvate)被乳酸脫氫酶轉化而產生,
而丙酮酸是在糖酵解的過程中,由磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸產生。
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 43
45. 乳酸化所需的基因:
乳酸菌是利用半乳糖相關基因(galactose )和合成乳酸脫氫酶
來進行乳酸的生成,例如LacT、GalK、CcpA
和LDH(乳酸脫氫酶, Lactate dehydrogenase)。
這些基因的promoters都具有一段稱為-35區域的序列,其型式通常為
AAAGGA、TTGCAT、TTTTGG、TTAAGC,
以base pair的出現頻率作統計, 結果為(見圖):
有趣的是,
光線這個環境因子
並沒有在乳酸菌的
基因調控研究中被提及
A:33.33%, T:33.33%, G:16.67%, C:16.67%
Population probability density distribution
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 45
46. Our “Light Capsule” Approach:
Use light interference-rendered new photons (by virtue of bio
nonlinearity) to statistically sample the “Population probability density
distribution”.
Theory: Promoters are activated by sampling, NOT by precise determinism.
A:33.33%, T:33.33%, G:16.67%, C:16.67% A:18.53%, T:32.14%, G:26.02%, C:23.31%
Population probability density distribution
Our first attempt….
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 46
47. A:31.79%, T:30.16%, G:19.81%, C:18.24%
Better attempt in theory
A:33.33%, T:33.33%, G:16.67%, C:16.67%
Population probability density distribution
2009/12/10 National Formosa University -cpliao 47
48. Yogurt (優酪乳) experiment: (乳酸菌數已飽和)
IR laser Green laser Reference (light) Reference (dark)
UV light tube (252 nm)
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52. In summary,
從乳酸菌基因的誘導轉錄中,可以發現若干典型的基因調控可能性,
但有趣的是,光線這個環境因子並沒有在乳酸菌的基因研究中被提及。
在優酪乳的pH值量測實驗中,pH值會因為紫外光+可見光+紅外光的照射
而降低,但目前還不能確定是否是因為乳酸脫氫酶的增加而導致乳酸的
濃度上升,或是有其它的未知原因存在。
為了確定這個部份,丙酮酸和乳酸脫氫酶定性和定量的檢測方法是
必需的(進行中)。
As such, is it possible that light messages can be employed in treating
many diseases, fighting viruses, adjusting bio-clock, and
even recovering of organs?
If so, a paradigm shift may emerge owing to the need for faster time-to-market.
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53. If there is indeed light highway on a plant, is this why it can react to
human touch immediately even though it possesses no nerve system?
We highly speculate that there is such light highway within or on each plant
and the come-close of a human finger simply injects IR lights into
this light highway.
Again, IR lights (in the form human body heat) may be a crucial ingredient
to trigger the generation of needed proteins in the plant.
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54. The vast knowledge of organic chemistry is largely a know-how under
room temperature and heat (i.e., a Maxwellian distribution of
particle velocities), not one under specifically tailored light spectra.
Q: Would a strange new world result if the latter is pursued?
Excitingly, yes. Under non-Maxwellian situation
(i.e., no longer the notion: temperature),
the organic chemistry likely will be very much different in content.
What if active coherent control is further involved?
Many new materials, functions, and applications, even those unimaginable,
will come out.
The expanding frontier can only be limited by men’s own imagination.
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55. Coherent Control on the Level of Subatomic Particles:
PhotoGravitoBiology (光重力生物學) just starting …
• Death field versus Bliss field
• EM origin of gravity
• Engineering on embedded
EM structure within local
gravity scalar potential
manipulation on atomic nuclei,
molecules, large system (living &
nonliving), hence affecting:
health, agriculture, climate,
disease (e.g., SARS),
social stability (thought
& behavior), earthquake, etc.
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