Dr. AVS Suresh, MD, DM, ECMO, Consultant Hemato-Oncologist, Chief Scientific Officer & Director, ClinSync, on the man-made as well as other kind of EMF radiation.
The Wonderful World of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)InsideScientific
To watch the webinar, go to:
https://insidescientific.com/webinar/the-wonderful-world-of-scanning-electrochemical-microscopy-secm/
In this webinar, Dr. Janine Mauzeroll discusses the fundamentals, critical experimental parameters and recent applications for scanning electrochemical Microscopy (SECM).
In its simplest form, SECM is a scanning probe technique in which a small-scale electrode is scanned across an immersed substrate while recording the current response. This response is dependent on both the surface topography and the electrochemical activity of the substrate. Consequently, using an array of operational modes, a wide variety of substrates and experimental systems can be characterized. The strength of SECM lies in its ability to quantify material flux from a surface with a high spatial and temporal resolution. It has been used in a variety of applications fields.
Dr. Janine Mauzeroll describes the fundamentals of SECM, including the required instrumentation and the principles of the most frequently used operational modes. Following this basic understanding of SECM principles, she then moves towards a comprehensive summary of the critical parameters for any SECM experiment. Specifically, she discusses in detail redox mediators, probes, and solvent systems that are used in SECM experiments. Finally, she presents recent applications of SECM with an emphasis on her work in the last five years related to material characterization, corrosion and batteries.
We discuss the purported link between cell phone
radiation and cancer. We show that it is inconsistent with the photoelectric effect, and that epidemiological studies of any link have no scientific basis. Read this doc to know more.
The oscillating magnetic field is one of the emerging nonthermal processing methods of food preservation. OMF has the potential to inactivate microorganisms, pasteurize food with an improvement in the quality and shelf life, and alters the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. It has its own limitations and drawbacks.
The Wonderful World of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)InsideScientific
To watch the webinar, go to:
https://insidescientific.com/webinar/the-wonderful-world-of-scanning-electrochemical-microscopy-secm/
In this webinar, Dr. Janine Mauzeroll discusses the fundamentals, critical experimental parameters and recent applications for scanning electrochemical Microscopy (SECM).
In its simplest form, SECM is a scanning probe technique in which a small-scale electrode is scanned across an immersed substrate while recording the current response. This response is dependent on both the surface topography and the electrochemical activity of the substrate. Consequently, using an array of operational modes, a wide variety of substrates and experimental systems can be characterized. The strength of SECM lies in its ability to quantify material flux from a surface with a high spatial and temporal resolution. It has been used in a variety of applications fields.
Dr. Janine Mauzeroll describes the fundamentals of SECM, including the required instrumentation and the principles of the most frequently used operational modes. Following this basic understanding of SECM principles, she then moves towards a comprehensive summary of the critical parameters for any SECM experiment. Specifically, she discusses in detail redox mediators, probes, and solvent systems that are used in SECM experiments. Finally, she presents recent applications of SECM with an emphasis on her work in the last five years related to material characterization, corrosion and batteries.
We discuss the purported link between cell phone
radiation and cancer. We show that it is inconsistent with the photoelectric effect, and that epidemiological studies of any link have no scientific basis. Read this doc to know more.
The oscillating magnetic field is one of the emerging nonthermal processing methods of food preservation. OMF has the potential to inactivate microorganisms, pasteurize food with an improvement in the quality and shelf life, and alters the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. It has its own limitations and drawbacks.
LET, Linear Energy Transfer, Relative Biologic Effectiveness, Oxygen enhancement ratio,
Dr. Vandana, KGMU, CSMMU, Lucknow, Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy
Molecular Mechanisms of Radiation Damage. Dmitri Popov
Current medical management of the Acute Radiation Syndromes (ARS) does not include immune prophylaxis based on the Antiradiation Vaccine. Existing principles for the treatment of acute radiation syndromes are based on the replacement and supportive therapy. Haemotopoietic cell transplantation is recomended as an important method of treatment of a Haemopoietic form of the ARS. Though in the different hospitals and institutions, 31 pa-tients with a haemopoietic form have previously undergone transplantation with stem cells, in all cases(100%) the transplantants were rejected. Lethality rate was 87%.(N.Daniak et al. 2005).
Conclusion: Specific antibodies – possible antagonists of Toll like receptors and can inhibit massive activation of lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes and prevent radiation toxicity after high doses of Radiation.
Mobile is a part of our day to life, however technology has enabled the invention of some of the most unique cell-phones ever seen. Check out the most unique mobiles of the world in this deck. They are sure to amaze you!
LET, Linear Energy Transfer, Relative Biologic Effectiveness, Oxygen enhancement ratio,
Dr. Vandana, KGMU, CSMMU, Lucknow, Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy
Molecular Mechanisms of Radiation Damage. Dmitri Popov
Current medical management of the Acute Radiation Syndromes (ARS) does not include immune prophylaxis based on the Antiradiation Vaccine. Existing principles for the treatment of acute radiation syndromes are based on the replacement and supportive therapy. Haemotopoietic cell transplantation is recomended as an important method of treatment of a Haemopoietic form of the ARS. Though in the different hospitals and institutions, 31 pa-tients with a haemopoietic form have previously undergone transplantation with stem cells, in all cases(100%) the transplantants were rejected. Lethality rate was 87%.(N.Daniak et al. 2005).
Conclusion: Specific antibodies – possible antagonists of Toll like receptors and can inhibit massive activation of lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes and prevent radiation toxicity after high doses of Radiation.
Mobile is a part of our day to life, however technology has enabled the invention of some of the most unique cell-phones ever seen. Check out the most unique mobiles of the world in this deck. They are sure to amaze you!
Data points covered in the workshop conducted in Kochi, on the Govt. of India guidelines on installation, and safety regime of Telecom Towers and Mobile phones.
Do you believe that 'Cellphones Cause Brain Cancer?' If yes, then its time to demystify your myth. Check out the article featured in NYTimes.com by Siddhartha Mukherjee (Assistant Professor of medicine in the
division of medical oncology at Columbia University).
Cell Phones are the Sherlock Holmes of the Modern Age. 9 out of 10 crimes get solved using evidence that cell phones and cellular technology provides. So if you think that you can survive without Cell Phones, think again! Check out this infographic on how cell phone has proven to be Sherlock Holmes of Digital Generation.
Cellphones, one of the most handy gadgets in the world, are under scrutiny due to the claims of them being carcinogenic, but are these true? What are the studies supporting them? What are the procedures that these studies go through? This infographic tries to shed light on this escalated topic. Leave your thoughts in the comments section below.
Dr. Toma Susi (University of Vienna, Austria) invited talk at the MRS Spring Meeting 2018 in Phoenix, AZ titled "Towards atomically precise manipulation of 2D nanostructures in the
electron microscope".
Bioimpedance describes the passive electrical properties of biological materials and serves as an indirect transdu-
cing mechanism for physiological events, often in cases
where no specific transducer for that event exists. It is an
elegantly simple technique that requires only the applica-
tion of two or more electrodes. electrodes are equal, it is called a bipolar lead, in contrast
to a monopolar lead. With 3-(tetrapolar) or 4-(quadropo-
lar) electrode systems, separate current carrying and
signal pick-up electrodes exist. The impedance is then
transfer impedance (12): The signal is not picked up from
Bad habits like smoking, drinking and erratic diets are the primary causes of cancer. Cell phones emit low frequency magnetic energy and are not responsible to cause cancer.
Public communication of RF & Health Risks in India - Dr. K. S. ParthasarathyThe Radiation Doctor
Dr. K. S. Parthasarathy, Former Secretary, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Government of India, about what steps can be taken to change the public perception.
Dr. T. H. Chowdary, Director, Centre for Telecom Management and Studies, on the role the Government has in educating the masses about the myths of cell tower radiation.
Dr. Eshwar Chandra (MD DNB FRCR FICR), Professor and HOD of Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, on EMF radiation and the spectrum of ionising and nonionising radiation.
Mobile phones and cancers: What is the evidence? - Prof Mike RepacholiThe Radiation Doctor
This is the ultimate research study which will demystify all the myths related to cellphones & cell-tower radiation! This piece presented by Prof Mike Repacholi, Former Co-ordinator, Radiation and Environmental Health
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. He has presented all the relevant facts about relation of cancer & other health hazards with radiation.
2. Natural radiation
Biological life has always taken place in a sea of naturally occurring EM radiation of
◦cosmic,
◦atmospheric and
◦geomagnetic origin
Electromagnetic radiation of nearly all wavelengths.
3. Big
bang
(13.2 bn)
Earth
forms
(4.5 bn)
Present
day
1010
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
1
1011
Time (years)
4. Big
bang
(13.2 bn)
Earth
forms
(4.5 bn)
Present
day
1010
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
1
1011
Magnetotactic
bacteria
(2 bn)
Time (years)
5. Big
bang
(13.2 bn)
Earth
forms
(4.5 bn)
Present
day
1010
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
1
1011
Magnetotactic
bacteria
(2 bn)
Time (years)
Bird compass
(90 m)
6. Big
bang
(13.2 bn)
Earth
forms
(4.5 bn)
Present
day
1010
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
1
1011
Magnetotactic
bacteria
(2 bn)
Time (years)
Bird compass
(90 m)
Early man
(6 m)
7. Big
bang
(13.2 bn)
Earth
forms
(4.5 bn)
Present
day
1010
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
1
1011
Magnetotactic
bacteria
(2 bn)
Time (years)
Bird compass
(90 m)
Early man
(6 m)
Electrification
(1878)
8.
9. Man Made
The effects of artificial (man-made) EM radiation on living tissue can be broadly divided into two categories:
◦Thermal effects, i.e. the destructive effects of gross thermal heating.
◦Athermaleffectsor relatively ‘weak fields’ that produce temperature increases below the range of normal organism fluctuations. Slid
e 9
10. ISan equationNever will be an equation
Living and Nonliving Objects Differ Fundamentally
11. Man-made EM radiation
Simple man-made (artificial) externally applied weak EM radiation currently used to test for the effects of EM radiation would also seriously need to consider that:
◦Any complex biological modulation systems are not readily duplicated by human produced weak EM radiation as currently used for testing purposes.
◦Effects produced by man made EM radiation may be more due to increasing the general stress load on the organism rather than because of distortion of information.
Slid
e 11
12.
13.
14. Molecular and cellular level bioeffects of Electromagnetic Fields
ThestudiesofinteractionsofEMFwithbiologicalmediahavebeenalwaysartificial.
Possibleinteractionswithcellmembranesproposedthatcellmembranescouldactasnon-linearresonatorsstronglyamplifiedsignalswithinanarrowrangeoffrequencies.
Effect range from nerve excitations, electronically induced forces, the dielectric breakdown of cell membranes and other processes that directly involve electric fields. Slid
e 14
16. RRM: interacting proteins have the same frequency but opposite phase
Slid
e 16
cell
Cell membrane
p1 f1 p2 f2 p3f3
DNA
Sinusoids of the same frequency but different phase
17. Why should we be worried so much about the DNA
The functionality of a given cell goes with specific orders given by DNA
Periodic simple-AAAA
Periodic complex-CAT CAT
Complex-non informative---AKJLHA DHA SKDSK
Complex-informative-NOTE THIS POINT
18. Why should we be worried so much about the DNA
The functionality of a given cell goes with specific orders given by DNA
Periodic simple-AAAA
Periodic complex-CAT CAT
Complex-non informative---AKJLHA DHA SKDSK
Complex-informative-NOT THIS POINT
19. Postulate: proteins interact through oscillations of a physical field possibly electromagnetic
charge transfer through the protein backbone is a sufficient condition for EM radiation/absorption
W= W(COOH)-W(NH2) = 0.13 Ry.
Vmax=
where e is the electron charge, and mis electron mass.
V < 7.87 x 10 5m/sec
distance between amino acids could be considered at:
d= 3.8 Å
Fmax < V/(2d); Fmin =2 Fmax/N,
where N = total number of amino acids
Fmax < 1x1015Hz, Lmin > 330 nm
Fmin > 1x 1013Hz, Lmax < 30000 nm
meW2
Slide 19
20. Human DNA is ~2meters long and has ~3 billion base pairs
22. EMF-Specific DNA can be movedcountsChloramphenicol transferase (CAT) Activity0102030405060BackgroundEMNegativeControlLuciferase Activitycounts0102030405060BackgroundEMNegativeControlExperimental ConditionsExperimental Conditions
Lin et al (2001) J Cellular Biochem 81:143-148.
23. The next 2 important questions
So What?
Who cares?
There are 260 million knownmutation associated with cancer
But only 26 are proven to cause the cancer beyond doubt
24. Primary
detection
Subsequent
response
MF
Common question:
Given that we are all exposed to the geomagnetic field of 50 mT,
how can a 50 Hz 0.4 mT field make any difference?
The primary physics
detector, only has
to detect
It is the subsequent
biological response that
matters
25. Primary
detection
Subsequent
response
MF
Common question:
Given that we are all exposed to the geomagnetic field of 50 mT,
how can a 50 Hz 0.4 mT field make any difference?
The primary physics
detector, only has
to detect
It is the subsequent
biological response that
matters
27. Rhythmic signals and behaviour of the human body
Life processes in any biological organism are usually based on rhythmic oscillations:
Electrophysiological signals such as ECG, EEG, EMG
Hormonal/biochemical rhythms such as circadian rhythms
Electrical and electromagnetic resonances in the body, particularly at the cell level
Slid
e 27
28. To try to understand the epidemiological findings, lets consider three physical interaction mechanisms and some biology
So-called Ion Cyclotron Resonance (ICR) models
and Ca2+efflux from cells
Circadian rhythm and melatonin disruption
could potentially explain many of the health effects
Biogenic Magnetite
in animals & humans
Radical Pair Mechanism (RPM) at low fields
Mechanisms
Cryptochromes in birds and in man
29. Background:
Increased Ca2+ efflux from brain tissues with ELF
modulated RF EMFs (Bawin et al. 1975, Blackman et al. 1979,
1980a, b, Adey et al. 1982), and with ELF electric fields
without an RF carrier (Bawin & Adey 1976).
Observations:
Increased Ca2+ efflux from brain tissue at particular
frequencies of an applied magnetic field in the same vector
direction as Earth’s natural DC field (Blackman et al 1985).
Overall findings:
Liboff (2006)1 cites 71 papers, on this apparent ‘window’ or
‘resonance’ phenomenon’ with only 11 reporting negative
findings.
Today >150 papers in model systems: bone, cell culture, rat behaviour,
neural cell culture, diatom motility, complex biological systems, plants,
cell-free systems.
Explanation:
In a magnetic field, Ca2+ and other ions behave like a physics
cyclotron and so response can be ‘tuned’ to the cyclotron
frequency – hence ‘ICR’.
Status:
However, ICR may be an inappropriate
analogy – unlike a real cyclotron, Ca2+
ions are not in a vacuum.
Ca2+ efflux and Ion Cyclotron Resonance (ICR) models
1Liboff 2006 Chapter 9. In Bioengineering and biophysical aspects of EMFs p261-292. Eds Barnes & Greenebaum. 1 edition (7 Nov 2006) CRC Press
DC B
m
q
f
2
1
r
m
Field BDC x
F Bqv mv r 2
f
r
v 2
For Ca2+, q=2, m = mass of Ca ion
e.g. at BDC = 50 mT, f = 40 Hz
Bawin et al. 1975 PNAS 247:74-81; Bawin & Adey 1976 PNAS 73:1999-2003 [10 – 15 V/m in air; 0.1 mV/cm
in tissue]
Gavalas-Medici & Day-Magdaleno 1976 Nature 261:256-259. Blackman et al. 1985 Bioelectromagnetics
6:327-37.
30. Physical interaction mechanisms and some biology
So-called Ion Cyclotron Resonance (ICR)
and Ca2+efflux from cells
Circadian rhythm and melatonin disruption
could potentially explain many of the health effects
Biogenic Magnetite
in animals & humans
Radical Pair Mechanism (RPM) at low fields
Mechanisms
Cryptochromes in birds and in man
31. Physical interaction mechanisms and some biology
So-called Ion Cyclotron Resonance (ICR)
and Ca2+efflux from cells
Circadian rhythm and melatonin disruption
could potentially explain many of the health effects
Biogenic Magnetite
in animals & humans
Radical Pair Mechanism (RPM) at low fields
Mechanisms
Cryptochromes in birds and in man
32. Magnetite and other iron-mineral particles in animals and man
All possess biogenic magnetite or
other membrane bound iron-mineral
particles (magnetosomes) used for
navigation
(magnetic sensitivity exists in all major groups of vertebrate animals, as
well as in some molluscs, crustaceans and insects, including flies, chickens
and mole rats)
33. U = - μ.B where μ = v M
U = potential energy of dipole magnet in field B
m = magnetic moment
v = particle volume; r = radius
M = 4.8 x 105 J T-1 m-3
k = Boltzmann’s constant, 1.3807 x 10-23 J K-1,
and T the absolute temperature.
The energy required to rotate the particle 180° is 2U,
compare this to the thermal energy kT at 300° K
Potential energy of magnetic particle in the Earth’s field
- Compare this with the thermal energy kT
But the sensitivity is magnified with arrays & clusters of iron-based
minerals
Magnetic Field B
0
500
1000
1500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Diameter, 2r nm
Ratio of MF energy to kT
50 μT
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0.4 μT
50 μT
0.4 μT
0
1
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
34. Particles of interest:
Single domain Superparamagnetic (sp)
Whole particle rotates Particle remains stationary but MF vector
flips
Pigeons
Solov’yov & Greiner 2007 Biophys J 93:1493–1509
- force of 0.2 pN sufficient to excite channels in nerve cell
Fleissner et al. Naturwissenschaften 94:631–642 (2007)
using μ-SXRF and μ-XANES.
Magnetite structures could
transduce 50 Hz MFs at 0.5 mT:
Vanderstraeten & Gillis (2010)
Bioelectromagnetics 31:371-
379
Similar structures in chickens,
European Robin and Garden
Warbler
Maghemite: 3
3
Fe2 O
4
3
2
2 Fe Fe O
Magnetite:
In pigeons, the inclination sensitivity is 0.02 - 0.17 degrees, down to 0.01 mT (~10 nT) - Gould 2010 Current Biol 21;R226
30 – 200 nm <30 nm
5 mm ─
Trigemina
l
nerve
10 mm
35. Physical interaction mechanisms and some biology
So-called Ion Cyclotron Resonance (ICR)
and Ca2+efflux from cells
Circadian rhythm and melatonin disruption
could potentially explain many of the health effects
Biogenic Magnetite
in animals & humans
Radical Pair Mechanism (RPM) at low fields
Mechanisms
Cryptochromes in birds and in man
36. Introduction to RPM – Zeeman splitting and Larmor
precession
hυ
Energy
+ 1/2
- 1/2
B-Field
(a) (b)
No field Applied field
Spin
direction
Precession of electron spin
vector with frequency
B-Field
At the GM field in Nottingham, 50 mT:
- h is ~10-7 of thermal energy kT
The equivalent classical
model has the electron spin
vector precessing at the
Larmor frequency of 1.4
MHz at 50 mT
Pieter Zeeman
(1865-1943)
Zeeman Effect
1896
Joseph Larmor
(1857-1942)
Get resonant absorption (ESR) at frequency
= 1.4 MHz at 50 mT
In a static MF, get splitting of
spectral lines due to the electron
spin
37. RPM and the Low Field Effect
Singlet
products
Triplet
products
Electron
transfer
Magnetic nuclei
+ external field
Blue-light photon
(Different products)
S↔T mixing
S T
Woodward et al. 2009 Biochem Soc Trans 37(2):358-At low fields* get an increased rate of S-T conversion
T-state radical pairs cannot recombine, so they react elsewhere, e.g. with DNA
*for GM field sensitivity, requires RP lifetimes ~1 us
38. If both radicals experience the sameMF, no S-T mixing occurs
If each radical experiences a differentMF, S-T mixing may occur
1
2
Unpaired electron
-radical 1
(precesses about B1)
Unpaired electron
-radical 2
(precesses about B2)
Both radicals see the Earth’s magnetic field, 50 mT, in addition to any internal fields
At the low fields of interest, the radical pair needs to live for ~1 ms, for S-T mixing to evolve
B1
B2
40. PEMF CellularEffects
Increases osteoblast intracellular calcium & alters response to epidermal growth factor.
(Shigaku,1990)
Stimulates production of type-I collagen, osteocalcin, & osteopontin.
(Cornaglia, et al., 2006)
Antiinflammatory effect via restoration of plasma membrane calcium ATPase activity.
(Selvam, et al., 2007)
41. Conclusions
EMF had some effect on cells
What it will lead is not known
We can say that in last 140 years of electromagnetic emission from high tension lines, no observable adversities notes
No proven AE from cells at cellular level
The results are not enough to support the apprehensions
Care is always advisable