The document discusses the effects of man-made electromagnetic (EM) radiation on living organisms, highlighting the distinction between thermal and athermal effects. It explores potential bioeffects at the molecular and cellular level, focusing on interactions with cell membranes and DNA, while emphasizing the need for open-minded scientific inquiry in this area. Overall, it concludes that while EM radiation influences cellular mechanisms, there is insufficient evidence to confirm significant adverse health impacts from current EM emissions.

1. “Cell’s”responsetoa“Cellphone/ EMF”–Lookingdeepatmolecularlevel
Dr AVS Suresh
MD, DM, ECMO
Consultant Hemato-Oncologist
Chief Scientific Officer & Director, ClinSync

2. Natural radiation
Biological life has always taken place in a sea of naturally occurring EM radiation of
◦cosmic,
◦atmospheric and
◦geomagnetic origin
Electromagnetic radiation of nearly all wavelengths.

3. Big
bang
(13.2 bn)
Earth
forms
(4.5 bn)
Present
day
1010
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
1
1011
Time (years)

4. Big
bang
(13.2 bn)
Earth
forms
(4.5 bn)
Present
day
1010
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
1
1011
Magnetotactic
bacteria
(2 bn)
Time (years)

5. Big
bang
(13.2 bn)
Earth
forms
(4.5 bn)
Present
day
1010
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
1
1011
Magnetotactic
bacteria
(2 bn)
Time (years)
Bird compass
(90 m)

6. Big
bang
(13.2 bn)
Earth
forms
(4.5 bn)
Present
day
1010
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
1
1011
Magnetotactic
bacteria
(2 bn)
Time (years)
Bird compass
(90 m)
Early man
(6 m)

7. Big
bang
(13.2 bn)
Earth
forms
(4.5 bn)
Present
day
1010
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
1
1011
Magnetotactic
bacteria
(2 bn)
Time (years)
Bird compass
(90 m)
Early man
(6 m)
Electrification
(1878)

9. Man Made
The effects of artificial (man-made) EM radiation on living tissue can be broadly divided into two categories:
◦Thermal effects, i.e. the destructive effects of gross thermal heating.
◦Athermaleffectsor relatively ‘weak fields’ that produce temperature increases below the range of normal organism fluctuations. Slid
e 9

10. ISan equationNever will be an equation

 Living and Nonliving Objects Differ Fundamentally

11. Man-made EM radiation
Simple man-made (artificial) externally applied weak EM radiation currently used to test for the effects of EM radiation would also seriously need to consider that:
◦Any complex biological modulation systems are not readily duplicated by human produced weak EM radiation as currently used for testing purposes.
◦Effects produced by man made EM radiation may be more due to increasing the general stress load on the organism rather than because of distortion of information.
Slid
e 11

14. Molecular and cellular level bioeffects of Electromagnetic Fields
ThestudiesofinteractionsofEMFwithbiologicalmediahavebeenalwaysartificial.
Possibleinteractionswithcellmembranesproposedthatcellmembranescouldactasnon-linearresonatorsstronglyamplifiedsignalswithinanarrowrangeoffrequencies.
Effect range from nerve excitations, electronically induced forces, the dielectric breakdown of cell membranes and other processes that directly involve electric fields. Slid
e 14

15. Law of SuperpositionSystem’sDifferentialEquationsLaw HoldsLawDoesn’t HoldLinearNonlinear

16. RRM: interacting proteins have the same frequency but opposite phase
Slid
e 16
cell
Cell membrane
p1 f1 p2 f2 p3f3
DNA
Sinusoids of the same frequency but different phase

17. Why should we be worried so much about the DNA
The functionality of a given cell goes with specific orders given by DNA
Periodic simple-AAAA
Periodic complex-CAT CAT
Complex-non informative---AKJLHA DHA SKDSK
Complex-informative-NOTE THIS POINT

18. Why should we be worried so much about the DNA
The functionality of a given cell goes with specific orders given by DNA
Periodic simple-AAAA
Periodic complex-CAT CAT
Complex-non informative---AKJLHA DHA SKDSK
Complex-informative-NOT THIS POINT

19. Postulate: proteins interact through oscillations of a physical field possibly electromagnetic
charge transfer through the protein backbone is a sufficient condition for EM radiation/absorption
W= W(COOH)-W(NH2) = 0.13 Ry.
Vmax=
where e is the electron charge, and mis electron mass.
V < 7.87 x 10 5m/sec
distance between amino acids could be considered at:
d= 3.8 Å
Fmax < V/(2d); Fmin =2 Fmax/N,
where N = total number of amino acids
Fmax < 1x1015Hz, Lmin > 330 nm
Fmin > 1x 1013Hz, Lmax < 30000 nm
meW2
Slide 19

20. Human DNA is ~2meters long and has ~3 billion base pairs

21. -230-160+1 (bp)-320-192-107-68-100-166HSPMYCAHSP70Sp1AP-2HSESp1AP-2HSESREATFTATASp1AP-2HSPMYCCHSPMYCBHeat Shock Domain(thermal) EMF Domain(non-thermal) .
EMF Specific Domain in HSP70
Lin et al (1999) J Cellular Biochem 75:170-176.

22. EMF-Specific DNA can be movedcountsChloramphenicol transferase (CAT) Activity0102030405060BackgroundEMNegativeControlLuciferase Activitycounts0102030405060BackgroundEMNegativeControlExperimental ConditionsExperimental Conditions
Lin et al (2001) J Cellular Biochem 81:143-148.

23. The next 2 important questions
So What?
Who cares?
There are 260 million knownmutation associated with cancer
But only 26 are proven to cause the cancer beyond doubt

24. Primary
detection
Subsequent
response
MF
Common question:
Given that we are all exposed to the geomagnetic field of 50 mT,
how can a 50 Hz 0.4 mT field make any difference?
The primary physics
detector, only has
to detect
It is the subsequent
biological response that
matters

25. Primary
detection
Subsequent
response
MF
Common question:
Given that we are all exposed to the geomagnetic field of 50 mT,
how can a 50 Hz 0.4 mT field make any difference?
The primary physics
detector, only has
to detect
It is the subsequent
biological response that
matters

26. The Point?
Ascientistmustkeepanopenmindandbeableandwillingtoletgooftheirparadigmsandtheirmodels– otherwisewedevelopofacultureofscientistsinterferingwithscience

27. Rhythmic signals and behaviour of the human body
Life processes in any biological organism are usually based on rhythmic oscillations:
Electrophysiological signals such as ECG, EEG, EMG
Hormonal/biochemical rhythms such as circadian rhythms
Electrical and electromagnetic resonances in the body, particularly at the cell level
Slid
e 27

28. To try to understand the epidemiological findings, lets consider three physical interaction mechanisms and some biology
So-called Ion Cyclotron Resonance (ICR) models
and Ca2+efflux from cells
Circadian rhythm and melatonin disruption
could potentially explain many of the health effects
Biogenic Magnetite
in animals & humans
Radical Pair Mechanism (RPM) at low fields
Mechanisms
Cryptochromes in birds and in man

29. Background:
Increased Ca2+ efflux from brain tissues with ELF
modulated RF EMFs (Bawin et al. 1975, Blackman et al. 1979,
1980a, b, Adey et al. 1982), and with ELF electric fields
without an RF carrier (Bawin & Adey 1976).
Observations:
Increased Ca2+ efflux from brain tissue at particular
frequencies of an applied magnetic field in the same vector
direction as Earth’s natural DC field (Blackman et al 1985).
Overall findings:
Liboff (2006)1 cites 71 papers, on this apparent ‘window’ or
‘resonance’ phenomenon’ with only 11 reporting negative
findings.
Today >150 papers in model systems: bone, cell culture, rat behaviour,
neural cell culture, diatom motility, complex biological systems, plants,
cell-free systems.
Explanation:
In a magnetic field, Ca2+ and other ions behave like a physics
cyclotron and so response can be ‘tuned’ to the cyclotron
frequency – hence ‘ICR’.
Status:
However, ICR may be an inappropriate
analogy – unlike a real cyclotron, Ca2+
ions are not in a vacuum.
Ca2+ efflux and Ion Cyclotron Resonance (ICR) models
1Liboff 2006 Chapter 9. In Bioengineering and biophysical aspects of EMFs p261-292. Eds Barnes & Greenebaum. 1 edition (7 Nov 2006) CRC Press
DC B
m
q
f
2
1

r
m
Field BDC x
F Bqv mv r 2  
f
r
v  2
For Ca2+, q=2, m = mass of Ca ion
e.g. at BDC = 50 mT, f = 40 Hz
Bawin et al. 1975 PNAS 247:74-81; Bawin & Adey 1976 PNAS 73:1999-2003 [10 – 15 V/m in air; 0.1 mV/cm
in tissue]
Gavalas-Medici & Day-Magdaleno 1976 Nature 261:256-259. Blackman et al. 1985 Bioelectromagnetics
6:327-37.

30. Physical interaction mechanisms and some biology
 So-called Ion Cyclotron Resonance (ICR)
 and Ca2+efflux from cells
Circadian rhythm and melatonin disruption
could potentially explain many of the health effects
Biogenic Magnetite
in animals & humans
Radical Pair Mechanism (RPM) at low fields
Mechanisms
Cryptochromes in birds and in man

31. Physical interaction mechanisms and some biology
 So-called Ion Cyclotron Resonance (ICR)
 and Ca2+efflux from cells
 Circadian rhythm and melatonin disruption
 could potentially explain many of the health effects
Biogenic Magnetite
in animals & humans
Radical Pair Mechanism (RPM) at low fields
Mechanisms
Cryptochromes in birds and in man

32. Magnetite and other iron-mineral particles in animals and man
All possess biogenic magnetite or
other membrane bound iron-mineral
particles (magnetosomes) used for
navigation
(magnetic sensitivity exists in all major groups of vertebrate animals, as
well as in some molluscs, crustaceans and insects, including flies, chickens
and mole rats)

33. U = - μ.B where μ = v M
U = potential energy of dipole magnet in field B
m = magnetic moment
v = particle volume; r = radius
M = 4.8 x 105 J T-1 m-3
k = Boltzmann’s constant, 1.3807 x 10-23 J K-1,
and T the absolute temperature.
The energy required to rotate the particle 180° is 2U,
compare this to the thermal energy kT at 300° K
Potential energy of magnetic particle in the Earth’s field
- Compare this with the thermal energy kT
But the sensitivity is magnified with arrays & clusters of iron-based
minerals
Magnetic Field B
0
500
1000
1500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Diameter, 2r nm
Ratio of MF energy to kT
50 μT
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0.4 μT
50 μT
0.4 μT
0
1
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

34. Particles of interest:
Single domain Superparamagnetic (sp)
Whole particle rotates Particle remains stationary but MF vector
flips
Pigeons
Solov’yov & Greiner 2007 Biophys J 93:1493–1509
- force of 0.2 pN sufficient to excite channels in nerve cell
Fleissner et al. Naturwissenschaften 94:631–642 (2007)
using μ-SXRF and μ-XANES.
Magnetite structures could
transduce 50 Hz MFs at 0.5 mT:
Vanderstraeten & Gillis (2010)
Bioelectromagnetics 31:371-
379
Similar structures in chickens,
European Robin and Garden
Warbler
Maghemite: 3
3
Fe2 O 
4
3
2
2 Fe Fe O  
Magnetite:
In pigeons, the inclination sensitivity is 0.02 - 0.17 degrees, down to 0.01 mT (~10 nT) - Gould 2010 Current Biol 21;R226
30 – 200 nm <30 nm
5 mm ─
Trigemina
l
nerve
10 mm

35. Physical interaction mechanisms and some biology
 So-called Ion Cyclotron Resonance (ICR)
 and Ca2+efflux from cells
 Circadian rhythm and melatonin disruption
 could potentially explain many of the health effects
 Biogenic Magnetite
 in animals & humans
Radical Pair Mechanism (RPM) at low fields
Mechanisms
Cryptochromes in birds and in man

36. Introduction to RPM – Zeeman splitting and Larmor
precession
hυ
Energy
+ 1/2
- 1/2
B-Field
(a) (b)
No field Applied field
Spin
direction
Precession of electron spin
vector with frequency 
B-Field
At the GM field in Nottingham, 50 mT:
- h is ~10-7 of thermal energy kT
The equivalent classical
model has the electron spin
vector precessing at the
Larmor frequency of 1.4
MHz at 50 mT
Pieter Zeeman
(1865-1943)
Zeeman Effect
1896
Joseph Larmor
(1857-1942)
Get resonant absorption (ESR) at frequency 
= 1.4 MHz at 50 mT
In a static MF, get splitting of
spectral lines due to the electron
spin

37. RPM and the Low Field Effect
Singlet
products
Triplet
products
Electron
transfer
Magnetic nuclei
+ external field
Blue-light photon
(Different products)
S↔T mixing
S T
Woodward et al. 2009 Biochem Soc Trans 37(2):358-At low fields* get an increased rate of S-T conversion
T-state radical pairs cannot recombine, so they react elsewhere, e.g. with DNA
*for GM field sensitivity, requires RP lifetimes ~1 us

38. If both radicals experience the sameMF, no S-T mixing occurs
If each radical experiences a differentMF, S-T mixing may occur
1
2
Unpaired electron
-radical 1
(precesses about B1)
Unpaired electron
-radical 2
(precesses about B2)
Both radicals see the Earth’s magnetic field, 50 mT, in addition to any internal fields
At the low fields of interest, the radical pair needs to live for ~1 ms, for S-T mixing to evolve
B1
B2

39. EMF for Health Conditions
Fracture non-union –65-75Hz
Congenital pseudoarthrosis –15Hz
Osteoporosis –72Hz
Hip arthroplasty –50Hz
Arthritis –50Hz
Tinnitus –0.5-17Hz
Rotator Cuff Tendonitis –71-75Hz
Venous skin ulcers –75Hz
Multiple sclerosis –4-13Hz
(Shupak, 2003)

40. PEMF CellularEffects
Increases osteoblast intracellular calcium & alters response to epidermal growth factor.
(Shigaku,1990)
Stimulates production of type-I collagen, osteocalcin, & osteopontin.
(Cornaglia, et al., 2006)
Antiinflammatory effect via restoration of plasma membrane calcium ATPase activity.
(Selvam, et al., 2007)

41. Conclusions
EMF had some effect on cells
What it will lead is not known
We can say that in last 140 years of electromagnetic emission from high tension lines, no observable adversities notes
No proven AE from cells at cellular level
The results are not enough to support the apprehensions
Care is always advisable

42. Conclusion