The document discusses physiotherapy for burn patients. It describes physiotherapy as promoting mobility and functional ability through physical interventions. Burn injuries require specialized long-term care to prevent scarring and contractures. The document outlines various equipment needed in the physiotherapy and rehabilitation departments, including machines for traction, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and continuous passive motion, as well as mats, balls, and other devices to aid rehabilitation exercises.
Gravity is the force that attracts all bodies to Earth. The center of gravity of the human body is located around the body of the second sacral vertebra. However, its exact position varies depending on factors like gender, posture, and anatomical structure. The line of gravity passes vertically through the center of gravity. In standing posture, it passes through the mid-cervical vertebrae, mid-lumbar vertebrae, and between the feet at the transverse tarsal joints. The center of gravity and line of gravity change with different body postures and positions.
1. Shoulder injuries are common in sports and can be acute or chronic. They range from mild sprains to traumatic dislocations and are often painful and mobility-restricting.
2. MRI and CT scans are important imaging modalities to diagnose shoulder injuries and assess soft tissue damage, bone defects, and other pathology like tumors or fractures. MR arthrography provides high accuracy for labral tears.
3. Common acute injuries include dislocations, rotator cuff tears, and injuries to the biceps tendon. Chronic overload can also cause tendinopathy and impingement. The size and chronicity of rotator cuff tears affects prognosis.
This document provides information on palpating various shoulder and neck muscles, including the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, deltoid, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major and minor, pectoralis major, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoid. For each muscle, the document lists origins, insertions and actions, and provides instructions for palpating the muscle by having the client perform specific movements against resistance.
-MET is a type of osteopathic manipulative treatement used in osteopathic therapy, physical therapy, massage therapy and occupational therapy.
- A form of diagnosis and treatment in which the patient's muscles are actively used on request, from a precisely controlled position, in a specific direction, and against a distinctly executed physician counterforce. 1.Dr. TJ Ruddy:
first osteopathic doctor to use muscle energy in the
1940’s and 1950’s, he referred to it as resistive duction,
which he defined as a series of muscle contractions against
resistance; used techniques mainly in the C‐spine.2.Dr. Fred Mitchell, Sr.: has been titled the Father of
muscle energy.
-He took Dr. Ruddy’s principles and incorporated them into manual medicine to any body region/ articulation.
-He believed that pelvis was the key to musculoskeletal system.
1. The document discusses concepts related to therapeutic exercise instruction including clinical decision making, evidence-based practice, motor learning, types of motor tasks, stages of motor learning, types of practice, and feedback.
2. Key requirements for clinical decision making include knowledge, skills, experience, critical thinking abilities, and understanding patient values.
3. Evidence-based practice involves identifying a patient problem, searching literature, critically analyzing evidence, integrating evidence with expertise and patient factors, and assessing outcomes.
This document provides an analysis of posture including definitions, types of posture, and the key body structures and forces involved in maintaining posture. It discusses static and dynamic posture and defines the concepts of center of gravity, base of support, and line of gravity. It describes the various systems that contribute to postural control and different postural responses to perturbations. Finally, it analyzes posture in the sagittal plane and the forces acting on the ankle, knee, hip, and lumbosacral joint regions.
This document discusses postural control and balance. It defines balance and describes the three types of balance control: adaptive, reactive, and proactive. These involve complex interactions between motor responses, sensory systems like vision and somatosensation, and central nervous system integration. The document outlines several functional balance tests used in assessment, including limits of stability, Romberg testing, and the Berg Balance Scale. Sensory organization is described along with strategies for maintaining balance like ankle, hip, and stepping strategies.
The document discusses physiotherapy for burn patients. It describes physiotherapy as promoting mobility and functional ability through physical interventions. Burn injuries require specialized long-term care to prevent scarring and contractures. The document outlines various equipment needed in the physiotherapy and rehabilitation departments, including machines for traction, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and continuous passive motion, as well as mats, balls, and other devices to aid rehabilitation exercises.
Gravity is the force that attracts all bodies to Earth. The center of gravity of the human body is located around the body of the second sacral vertebra. However, its exact position varies depending on factors like gender, posture, and anatomical structure. The line of gravity passes vertically through the center of gravity. In standing posture, it passes through the mid-cervical vertebrae, mid-lumbar vertebrae, and between the feet at the transverse tarsal joints. The center of gravity and line of gravity change with different body postures and positions.
1. Shoulder injuries are common in sports and can be acute or chronic. They range from mild sprains to traumatic dislocations and are often painful and mobility-restricting.
2. MRI and CT scans are important imaging modalities to diagnose shoulder injuries and assess soft tissue damage, bone defects, and other pathology like tumors or fractures. MR arthrography provides high accuracy for labral tears.
3. Common acute injuries include dislocations, rotator cuff tears, and injuries to the biceps tendon. Chronic overload can also cause tendinopathy and impingement. The size and chronicity of rotator cuff tears affects prognosis.
This document provides information on palpating various shoulder and neck muscles, including the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, deltoid, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major and minor, pectoralis major, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, trapezius, levator scapulae, and sternocleidomastoid. For each muscle, the document lists origins, insertions and actions, and provides instructions for palpating the muscle by having the client perform specific movements against resistance.
-MET is a type of osteopathic manipulative treatement used in osteopathic therapy, physical therapy, massage therapy and occupational therapy.
- A form of diagnosis and treatment in which the patient's muscles are actively used on request, from a precisely controlled position, in a specific direction, and against a distinctly executed physician counterforce. 1.Dr. TJ Ruddy:
first osteopathic doctor to use muscle energy in the
1940’s and 1950’s, he referred to it as resistive duction,
which he defined as a series of muscle contractions against
resistance; used techniques mainly in the C‐spine.2.Dr. Fred Mitchell, Sr.: has been titled the Father of
muscle energy.
-He took Dr. Ruddy’s principles and incorporated them into manual medicine to any body region/ articulation.
-He believed that pelvis was the key to musculoskeletal system.
1. The document discusses concepts related to therapeutic exercise instruction including clinical decision making, evidence-based practice, motor learning, types of motor tasks, stages of motor learning, types of practice, and feedback.
2. Key requirements for clinical decision making include knowledge, skills, experience, critical thinking abilities, and understanding patient values.
3. Evidence-based practice involves identifying a patient problem, searching literature, critically analyzing evidence, integrating evidence with expertise and patient factors, and assessing outcomes.
This document provides an analysis of posture including definitions, types of posture, and the key body structures and forces involved in maintaining posture. It discusses static and dynamic posture and defines the concepts of center of gravity, base of support, and line of gravity. It describes the various systems that contribute to postural control and different postural responses to perturbations. Finally, it analyzes posture in the sagittal plane and the forces acting on the ankle, knee, hip, and lumbosacral joint regions.
This document discusses postural control and balance. It defines balance and describes the three types of balance control: adaptive, reactive, and proactive. These involve complex interactions between motor responses, sensory systems like vision and somatosensation, and central nervous system integration. The document outlines several functional balance tests used in assessment, including limits of stability, Romberg testing, and the Berg Balance Scale. Sensory organization is described along with strategies for maintaining balance like ankle, hip, and stepping strategies.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the hip joint. It describes the hip joint as a ball and socket joint formed by the acetabulum of the pelvis articulating with the femoral head. It has 3 degrees of freedom including flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and medial/lateral rotation. The document outlines the bones, ligaments, and angles that make up the hip joint, as well as some common abnormalities.
This document provides an overview of biomechanics and its key concepts. It defines biomechanics as the application of mechanics to the human body and sporting implements. It discusses the studies of kinematics (motion) and kinetics (forces). It also defines and compares linear motion, angular motion, and general motion. Additionally, it covers scalar and vector quantities, and explores concepts like distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration, and forces. Examples are provided to illustrate biomechanical principles in sports.
The document provides information on performing a physical examination of the shoulder, including:
An overview of the anatomy of the shoulder joint and surrounding structures. Descriptions of various tests to assess range of motion, impingement, rotator cuff integrity, labral disorders, and instability. Special tests include Neer's impingement sign, Hawkins' test, relocation test, and others. A thorough shoulder exam evaluates history, inspection, palpation, range of motion, and results of special tests to identify potential pathology.
This document discusses the biomechanics of the hip joint. It begins by defining biomechanics and describing the mobility and stability of the hip. It then discusses forces acting on the hip like body weight, abductor muscles, and joint reaction forces. It explains how these forces are balanced in different positions like two-leg stance, single-leg stance, and with the use of a cane. The document concludes by discussing implications for conditions like coxa valga and coxa vara, and principles of total hip replacement surgery.
This document discusses posture and postural alignment. It defines posture and describes the development of spinal curvature from birth. Good posture is defined as a position with stability, balance and minimal effort. Poor posture results from deviations from good alignment. Factors like muscles, nerves, reflexes and the central nervous system contribute to postural control. Techniques for assessing and correcting posture include exercises, stretching, strengthening, taping and myofascial release. Maintaining mobility, muscle balance and retraining awareness can help improve poor posture.
The elbow joint is a synovial joint between the humerus of the arm and the radius and ulna of the forearm. It allows hinge-like flexion and extension movements and is classified as both a synovial and compound joint, with the humeroradial and humeroulnar joints providing its characteristic motion. Ligaments such as the radial collateral and ulnar collateral ligaments reinforce the joint medially and laterally.
Charactteristics of forces;
Vector to represent forces;
Classification of forces;
What is force system;
Principles of forces;
Resultant of forces;
Components of forces;
Solved numericals;
examples;
Solved problems;
excercise;
This document discusses the anatomy and biomechanics of the ankle joint and foot. It describes the key bones and joints that make up the ankle and foot complex, including the talocrural joint, subtalar joint, and joints of the midfoot and forefoot. It explains how the medial longitudinal arch supports the foot during standing and how structures like the plantar fascia and windlass mechanism help maintain the arch during gait. Common foot types like pes planus and pes cavus are also summarized. The document outlines the motions of the ankle and subtalar joints during gait and identifies the most and least stable positions of the talocrural joint. Muscles acting on the ankle and foot are identified along with their
This document provides an overview of elbow anatomy and kinesiology. It describes the bones that make up the elbow joint - the humerus, ulna, and radius. It details the ligaments, nerves, muscles, and movements of the elbow. The elbow is a hinge joint that allows flexion and extension. Other movements include pronation and supination of the forearm at the radioulnar joint. The main flexor muscles are the biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis. The primary extensor is the triceps brachii. The median, musculocutaneous, and radial nerves innervate the elbow muscles.
Kinesiology is the study of human movement. It involves the analysis of motion from anatomical, mechanical, and physiological perspectives. Key topics covered in the chapter include osteokinematics, which describes bone motion; arthrokinematics, which describes joint motion; and kinetics, which describes the forces that produce movement. Proper understanding of these biomechanical principles is important for analyzing and evaluating human movement.
Interferential therapy involves applying two medium frequency alternating currents through tissues simultaneously. This causes the currents to interfere with each other, producing a low frequency interference current. The interference current has characteristics of low frequency stimulation and can be used therapeutically. Proper positioning of electrodes is important to ensure the interference effect occurs in the desired treatment area. Parameters like amplitude, frequency, and sweep time can be adjusted to achieve different physiological effects for various indications. Common electrode types used include plate and vacuum electrodes.
This document discusses high frequency currents and their production and use in diathermy. It describes how high frequency currents are produced using thermionic valves like diodes and triodes to generate oscillations above 500,000 cycles per second. It then discusses how different types of diathermy, like shortwave and microwave, are produced using oscillators, resonator circuits, and for microwaves, a magnetron. The therapeutic effects of diathermy include increased blood flow and tissue heating, as well as its indications for pain relief and soft tissue injuries and contraindications.
The elbow is a complex joint that allows flexion-extension and pronation-supination movements. It has multiple bony structures that articulate including the distal humerus, ulna, and radius. The elbow is stabilized by ligaments like the medial and lateral collateral ligaments as well as surrounding muscles. During motion, the elbow experiences changing axes of rotation and joint forces that can reach up to 3 times body weight during activities. The biomechanics of the elbow are crucial for understanding normal function and injury mechanisms.
This document discusses torque, factors that affect torque such as force and distance from the axis of rotation, and calculating torque. It also covers the three classes of levers and calculating muscular torque. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating torque produced by objects on levers and muscular torque required to counteract torques on joints.
The normal ROM for each hip motion is provided along with positioning details for accurate goniometric measurement. Precautions and common limiting factors are also outlined to ensure safe assessment.
THis PPT will give you knowledge about the principles of shoulder; articulating surface, motions, ligamentous structure and musculature structure that related to shoulder region.
The document discusses different types of motion relevant to human movement and sports biomechanics. It defines general motion as the combination of angular motions at joints that produce linear motion of the body. Examples of linear motion discussed include a ball moving in a straight line, a downhill skier maintaining form, and a swimmer gliding off the wall. Rotational, oscillatory, and reciprocating motions are also defined and examples provided, such as the movement of joints, wings, and tails exhibiting rotational motion.
2. biomechanics of the knee joint artho, osteoSaurab Sharma
The document discusses biomechanics of the tibiofemoral joint, including osteokinematics (bone motions), arthrokinematics (joint motions), and the automatic locking/screw home phenomenon. It describes the two degrees of freedom of motion as flexion-extension along a migrating axis and internal-external rotation along a vertical axis. Arthrokinematics involve gliding and rolling motions of the femoral condyles on the tibia during extension. The automatic locking occurs through lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur during the last 30 degrees of extension, increasing joint stability.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the hip joint. It describes the hip joint as a ball and socket joint formed by the acetabulum of the pelvis articulating with the femoral head. It has 3 degrees of freedom including flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and medial/lateral rotation. The document outlines the bones, ligaments, and angles that make up the hip joint, as well as some common abnormalities.
This document provides an overview of biomechanics and its key concepts. It defines biomechanics as the application of mechanics to the human body and sporting implements. It discusses the studies of kinematics (motion) and kinetics (forces). It also defines and compares linear motion, angular motion, and general motion. Additionally, it covers scalar and vector quantities, and explores concepts like distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration, and forces. Examples are provided to illustrate biomechanical principles in sports.
The document provides information on performing a physical examination of the shoulder, including:
An overview of the anatomy of the shoulder joint and surrounding structures. Descriptions of various tests to assess range of motion, impingement, rotator cuff integrity, labral disorders, and instability. Special tests include Neer's impingement sign, Hawkins' test, relocation test, and others. A thorough shoulder exam evaluates history, inspection, palpation, range of motion, and results of special tests to identify potential pathology.
This document discusses the biomechanics of the hip joint. It begins by defining biomechanics and describing the mobility and stability of the hip. It then discusses forces acting on the hip like body weight, abductor muscles, and joint reaction forces. It explains how these forces are balanced in different positions like two-leg stance, single-leg stance, and with the use of a cane. The document concludes by discussing implications for conditions like coxa valga and coxa vara, and principles of total hip replacement surgery.
This document discusses posture and postural alignment. It defines posture and describes the development of spinal curvature from birth. Good posture is defined as a position with stability, balance and minimal effort. Poor posture results from deviations from good alignment. Factors like muscles, nerves, reflexes and the central nervous system contribute to postural control. Techniques for assessing and correcting posture include exercises, stretching, strengthening, taping and myofascial release. Maintaining mobility, muscle balance and retraining awareness can help improve poor posture.
The elbow joint is a synovial joint between the humerus of the arm and the radius and ulna of the forearm. It allows hinge-like flexion and extension movements and is classified as both a synovial and compound joint, with the humeroradial and humeroulnar joints providing its characteristic motion. Ligaments such as the radial collateral and ulnar collateral ligaments reinforce the joint medially and laterally.
Charactteristics of forces;
Vector to represent forces;
Classification of forces;
What is force system;
Principles of forces;
Resultant of forces;
Components of forces;
Solved numericals;
examples;
Solved problems;
excercise;
This document discusses the anatomy and biomechanics of the ankle joint and foot. It describes the key bones and joints that make up the ankle and foot complex, including the talocrural joint, subtalar joint, and joints of the midfoot and forefoot. It explains how the medial longitudinal arch supports the foot during standing and how structures like the plantar fascia and windlass mechanism help maintain the arch during gait. Common foot types like pes planus and pes cavus are also summarized. The document outlines the motions of the ankle and subtalar joints during gait and identifies the most and least stable positions of the talocrural joint. Muscles acting on the ankle and foot are identified along with their
This document provides an overview of elbow anatomy and kinesiology. It describes the bones that make up the elbow joint - the humerus, ulna, and radius. It details the ligaments, nerves, muscles, and movements of the elbow. The elbow is a hinge joint that allows flexion and extension. Other movements include pronation and supination of the forearm at the radioulnar joint. The main flexor muscles are the biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis. The primary extensor is the triceps brachii. The median, musculocutaneous, and radial nerves innervate the elbow muscles.
Kinesiology is the study of human movement. It involves the analysis of motion from anatomical, mechanical, and physiological perspectives. Key topics covered in the chapter include osteokinematics, which describes bone motion; arthrokinematics, which describes joint motion; and kinetics, which describes the forces that produce movement. Proper understanding of these biomechanical principles is important for analyzing and evaluating human movement.
Interferential therapy involves applying two medium frequency alternating currents through tissues simultaneously. This causes the currents to interfere with each other, producing a low frequency interference current. The interference current has characteristics of low frequency stimulation and can be used therapeutically. Proper positioning of electrodes is important to ensure the interference effect occurs in the desired treatment area. Parameters like amplitude, frequency, and sweep time can be adjusted to achieve different physiological effects for various indications. Common electrode types used include plate and vacuum electrodes.
This document discusses high frequency currents and their production and use in diathermy. It describes how high frequency currents are produced using thermionic valves like diodes and triodes to generate oscillations above 500,000 cycles per second. It then discusses how different types of diathermy, like shortwave and microwave, are produced using oscillators, resonator circuits, and for microwaves, a magnetron. The therapeutic effects of diathermy include increased blood flow and tissue heating, as well as its indications for pain relief and soft tissue injuries and contraindications.
The elbow is a complex joint that allows flexion-extension and pronation-supination movements. It has multiple bony structures that articulate including the distal humerus, ulna, and radius. The elbow is stabilized by ligaments like the medial and lateral collateral ligaments as well as surrounding muscles. During motion, the elbow experiences changing axes of rotation and joint forces that can reach up to 3 times body weight during activities. The biomechanics of the elbow are crucial for understanding normal function and injury mechanisms.
This document discusses torque, factors that affect torque such as force and distance from the axis of rotation, and calculating torque. It also covers the three classes of levers and calculating muscular torque. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating torque produced by objects on levers and muscular torque required to counteract torques on joints.
The normal ROM for each hip motion is provided along with positioning details for accurate goniometric measurement. Precautions and common limiting factors are also outlined to ensure safe assessment.
THis PPT will give you knowledge about the principles of shoulder; articulating surface, motions, ligamentous structure and musculature structure that related to shoulder region.
The document discusses different types of motion relevant to human movement and sports biomechanics. It defines general motion as the combination of angular motions at joints that produce linear motion of the body. Examples of linear motion discussed include a ball moving in a straight line, a downhill skier maintaining form, and a swimmer gliding off the wall. Rotational, oscillatory, and reciprocating motions are also defined and examples provided, such as the movement of joints, wings, and tails exhibiting rotational motion.
2. biomechanics of the knee joint artho, osteoSaurab Sharma
The document discusses biomechanics of the tibiofemoral joint, including osteokinematics (bone motions), arthrokinematics (joint motions), and the automatic locking/screw home phenomenon. It describes the two degrees of freedom of motion as flexion-extension along a migrating axis and internal-external rotation along a vertical axis. Arthrokinematics involve gliding and rolling motions of the femoral condyles on the tibia during extension. The automatic locking occurs through lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur during the last 30 degrees of extension, increasing joint stability.
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