Ppt dept design by Dr. Sunil Keswani, National Burns Centre, Airoli

PHYSIOTHERAPY
DEPARTMENT
Dr. Sunil Keswani, National Burns
Centre, www.burns-india.com,
nbcairoli@gmail.com

Centre, www.burnsindia.com, nbcairoli@gmail.com

WHAT IS
PHYSIOTHERAPY???

The specialty areas include:
•Cardiovascular and Pulmonary
•Clinical electrophysiology
•Integumentary
•Neurological
•Orthopedic
•Pediatric
•Geriatric


Physiotherapy is a health
care profession primarily concerned
with the remediation of impairments
and disabilities and the promotion of
mobility, functional ability, quality of
life and movement potential through
examination, evaluation, diagnosis
and physical intervention carried out
by physical therapists.

WHY IN BURNS???


AIMS:
•Achieve a clear airway and prevent
respiratory complications
•Maintain joint range of movements and
prevent contractures or deformities
•Maintain muscle strength
•Regain maximum function
•Minimize scarring
•Help the patient to gain independence and
return to an active lifestyle.


Burn injuries are for a lifetime and require
specialized care. Managing burn injuries
properly is essential as it may cause
disfiguring and disabling scarring.
Physiotherapy is necessary for both in and
out patients. The physiotherapist together
with other team members must recognize
the devastating effect a bad case of burning
can have on the family.


MODALITIES REQUIRED
FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY
DEPARTMENT


Following equipments are necessary in the
department:
1. Chest percussor
2. Cervical and Lumbar Traction machine
3. Short wave Diathermy
4. Interferential therapy
5. Muscle Stimulator
6. Transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation
7. Ultrasound
8. Continuous passive motion
9. Cryotherapy
10.Heat Therapy
11.Laser therapy
12.Table for Diagnosis and treatment
purpose
13.Traction table
14.Evaluation sets
• Dynamometer
• Goniometer

CHEST PERCUSSOR
Chest Physiotherapy is a technique used
to mobilize or loosen secretions in the
lungs and the respiratory tract.
 A chest percussor is used to administer
percussion
over
the
chest
wall
mechanically.
 It is a high speed hand held hammer that
when held against the chest replaces
manual percussion. It's more effective, less
tiring and easy to self administer.
 It results in breaking up thick secretions in
the lungs so that they can be more easily
removed.



TRACTION MACHINE:









Spinal traction is a therapeutic technique in
which manual or mechanical forces are
applied to the body in an attempt to stretch
the spine.
Therapeutic spinal traction is most often
used to address compressive pain in
conditions
like
sciatica,
herniated
discs, degenerative disc disease, and
pinched nerves.
The goal of traction is to reduce
compression in the spinal column, release
trapped nerves in turn relieving pain, joint
distraction, soft tissue stretching and
reduction of disk protrusion.
The ultimate goal is to decrease
pain, tingling, weakness, and other
symptoms caused by compressive spinal
conditions.

SHORT WAVE DIATHERMY:
Shortwave Diathermy (SWD) is a non
invasive physiotherapy technique in
which radio frequency electromagnetic
energy of sufficient high intensity is
directed at biological tissues which
causes heating.

It is generally used to provide relief
from pain and inflammation in the joints
and muscles.
 It increases blood flow and elasticity of
connective tissue.



INTERFERENTIAL THERAPY:













Interferential therapy is an electrical modality
that applies currents at around 4000 Hz
through the affected area of a patient.
Four electrodes are placed in such a way
that allows two currents to cross each other
and penetrate deep within a joint or body area.
Indications :
Pain relief
Increase in blood flow to promote tissue
healing
reduce swelling/ inflammation
Muscle stimulation to activate weak muscles
and overcome muscle inhibition caused by the
injury

MUSCLE STIMULATOR:








Electrical stimulation uses an electrical current to cause
a single muscle or a group of muscles to contract.
Contracting the muscle via electrical stimulation helps
strengthen the affected muscle.
It also promotes blood supply to the area that assists in
healing.
It is applied to stimulate sensory and motor
nerves, facilitate muscle contraction, re-educate
muscle, improve circulation and prevent contractures.

TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE
STIMULATION (TENS):
TENS is a method of electrical stimulation.
 It primarily aims to provide a degree of
symptomatic pain relief by exciting sensory nerves
and thereby stimulating either the pain gate
mechanism and/or the opioid system.
 The different methods of applying TENS relate to
these different physiological mechanisms.



ULTRASOUND:











Therapeutic Ultrasound is a treatment method that uses a
transducer transmitting sound waves to treat
pain, inflammation and muscle spasms by stimulating the
body with high-frequency micro vibrations.
Primary benefits are:
speeding up of the healing process by increased blood flow
decrease in pain from the reduction of swelling and edema.
gentle massage of muscles tendons and/ or ligaments and
any scar tissue is softened.
It also helps in softening of scar tissues.

CONTINUOUS PASSIVE MOTION:
C.P.M. is a proven modality used to reduce
pain, edema, increase/maintain range of
motion, and help prevent adhesions, contractures
(muscle/joint stiffness).
 It provides hours of passive range of motion which
allows the patient to focus on more effective Active
range of motion and strengthening exercises during
their limited visit.



CRYOTHERAPY:
Ice packs or cryotherapy are generally more
effective in terms of depth of penetration than other
superficial thermal modalities.

Intramuscular temperatures can actually be
reduced by 3-7 degrees C.

This is helpful in reducing local
metabolism, inflammation, and pain.



HEAT THERAPY:
 Heat


packs are thermal modalities
used for relief of pain.
 This is also helpful in improving
circulation.

TRACTION TABLE:


TABLE FOR DIAGNOSIS AND
TREATMENT:


CLEARLY ARTICULATED
PLAN IS SIMPLY A

HALLUCINATION"


"A VISION WITHOUT A


MODALITIES
REQUIRED FOR
REHABILITATION
UNIT


Following equipments are necessary in
the rehabilitation unit:
1. Parallel Bar
2. Exercise mat
3. Exercise staircase
4. Exercise balls
5. Treadmill
6. Shoulder wheel
7. Shoulder ladder
8. Wobble board
9. Walker
10. Crutches
11. Ankle exerciser
12. Exercise bands
13. Hand grip exerciser
14. Finger exercise springs
15. Hand exercise balls
16. Resistance putty
17. Dumbbells
18. Weight cuffs
19. Stability trainer
20. Peg boards
21. Recreational activities

PARALLEL BAR:











Physical therapy parallel bars are devices used in
rehabilitation facilities to assist patients in learning to walk
after injury or disability.
They are used to help patients regain
strength, balance, range of motion and independence.
They are used for coordination exercises and concise
movements that work more than one joint and muscle.
This type of training progresses to walking with mobility
aids such as walkers, crutches, or walking canes.
Gait training can help patients regain their normal ambulatory
motion.

EXERCISE MAT:
Exercise mats encourage the development of
motor skills at all levels – a must for
therapeutic, early childhood, and gross motor play.
 Each mat is impervious to fluids and easy to
clean.
 Therapy mats are versatile.



EXERCISE STAIRCASE:
Stair climbing is very essential in the rehabilitation
of a burn patient.
 It helps to improve aerobic and anaerobic
conditioning and lower body strength.
 It also increases independence of the patient and
restores the functional ability of the individual.



EXERCISE BALLS:













Exercise balls are inflatable balls made of soft elastic with a
diameter of approximately 35 to 85 centimeters filled with air.
These are equipments effective at targeting core
muscles, which are essential for stability and good posture.
The benefits are:
Posture re-education
Increase lumbar (low back) mobility
Increase balance and stability
Develop overall control and strength of the core body muscles

TREADMILL:
Treadmill provides a straightforward and efficient
aerobic workout.
 Advantages:
 Improves strength and endurance
 Incline setting can allow for consistent "uphill"
training
 Rate settings force a consistent pace
 Improves cardiovascular endurance



SHOULDER WHEEL:
Shoulder wheel is a therapeutic device used for
rehabilitation of upper limb.
 The benefits are:
 increase strength of upper limb muscles
 increases joint range of motion



SHOULDER LADDER:







Ideal for progressive range for shoulder motion
Improves strength of upper limb muscles
Increases flexibility of joints

WOBBLE BOARD:
Wobble boards are designed for balance and
proprioception training.
 These are also called as Balance Training Boards.
 It features as a sensory stimulation surface.
 It provides a multi-planar challenge.



WALKING AIDS:

CRUTCHES




WALKERS



These are used as assistive devices for walking.

ANKLE EXERCISER:
Ankle exerciser is a therapeutic device used for
 Strengthening dorsiflexors and plantar flexors of
ankle
 Increasing ankle joint range of motion
 Improving joint flexibility



EXERCISE BANDS:
Therapeutic exercise bands are used for
strengthening of the muscles.
 The varied colored bands are of different
resistances which can be used for progressive
resisted exercises.



HAND GRIP EXERCISER:
Hand exerciser is used for hand rehabilitation.
 It helps in increasing range of motion of all the
fingers.
 It increases the strength of the muscles of the hand.
 It is used as a progressive resisted exercise for
hand.



FINGER EXERCISE SPRINGS:
Finger exercise springs are used for strengthening
of fingers.
 The varied resistances help in providing feedback
to the patients of increasing strength of the
muscles.



EXERCISE BALLS:
Exercise balls are specially designed for the
improvement of motor skills of the hands.
 The benefits are:
 Improves strength
 Improves gripping activities
 Helps in prehension and precision training



RESISTANCE PUTTY:
Used commonly for hand therapy.
 They are often used in physiotherapy/rehabilitation
exercises and can help prevent future hand and
wrist problems.
 The goal is to increase the strength of muscles
tendons and joints of the hand.



DUMBBELLS:
Dumbbells are able to target specific muscles and
ligaments in the
arms, chest, shoulder, back, abdomen, and the
legs.
 Dumbbells are used for rehabilitation purpose.



WEIGHT CUFFS:
Weight Cuff set strengthens the weak muscles
through load resisting exercises of both upper and
lower limbs.
 These are iron pellets filled cuff which are double
sewn & has long wrap around straps to hold it
securely.
 These weights come in
1/2kg, 1kg, 1.5kg, 2kg, 2.5kg and 3kg weights.



STABILITY TRAINER:
Stability forms a large part of the rehabilitation.
 It is the training of specific muscles that stabilize
the trunk to provide balance and control.
 The reformer provides finely tuned exercise
resistance that allows individuals to work very
precisely to develop good alignment, core
strength, and flexibility.



PEG BOARDS:


Peg Board is used to rehabilitate the patients with
neuromuscular disorder.



It helps in improving fine motor skills.




Ppt dept design by Dr. Sunil Keswani, National Burns Centre, Airoli

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Ppt dept design by Dr. Sunil Keswani, National Burns Centre, Airoli