This document summarizes Singapore's education system and reforms over recent decades as it transitioned from a developing to developed economy. It outlines the key challenges Singapore faced in preparing students for the 21st century knowledge economy. Major reforms included decentralizing governance, enhancing teacher capacity, emphasizing science and technology, and diversifying the secondary school structure. Singapore achieved high performance on international assessments like PISA and TIMSS through reforms that maintained academic rigor while increasing flexibility. Critical success factors included strong government direction, identifying national priorities, and careful workforce planning across certificate, diploma and degree programs.