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SS 11: Canada's Cold War
- 1. J. Marshall 2011 CCaannaaddaa && tthhee CCoolldd WWaarr 11994455 ttoo 11999911:: EEffffeeccttss oonn OOuurr AAuuttoonnoommyy
- 2. The map ofpost-war Europe: 1949 NATO SOVIET UNION
- 3. The genie wasout of the bottle… The Superpowers knew that a war between themselves was impossible so they used brinkmanship and proxy wars to exercise their competition.
- 4. Igor Gozenko: 1945 • Soviet embassy cipher clerk • Spy ring in Canada • Game-on!
- 5. CCrriissiiss iinn EEuurrooppee:: BBeerrlliinn BBlloocckkaaddee • Jun 1948 – May 1949 • Stalin • Brinkmanship
- 6. AApprr 44,, 11994499:: CCaannaaddaa ssiiggnnss NNoorrtthh AAttllaannttiicc TTrreeaattyy The UN has become "frozen in futility and divided by dissension.” Minister of Foreign Affairs, Louis St Laurent, summer, 1947
- 7. CCaannaaddaa’’ss rroollee iinnNNAATTOO • Demobilization after the war we quickly shrank back to a small military power. • We committed to provide in western Germany: two fighter squadrons + an army brigade • We prepared to fight a blitzkrieg-style mechanized war in western Europe against the Soviets who had an ENORMOUS army.
- 8. What would theCold War look like if it ever heated up?
- 9. OOtthheerr SSoovviieett--eerraa tthhrreeaattss:: • BERLIN BLOCKADE,1948 - 49; • SUPPORT FOR THE NORTH IN KOREA, 1950 - 53; • REVOLT IN HUNGARY,1956; • BERLIN WALL, 1961; • CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS, 1961; • DEPLOYED SPIES; • DEVELOPED A NUCLEAR ARSENAL/ICBMs ; • “TESTED” NATO DEFENSES ex. OVER-FLIGHTS/SUBS
- 10. Multinational Training •Communication • Equipment/standards • Tactics/strategy • The future of international participation
- 11. NORAD North AmericanAir Defence Command
- 12. Hitler’s Vengeance Weapons • First “cruise missile” • Retaliation for bombing raids • NASA’s forebear Werner von Braun Doodle Bug V1 Rocket Plane V2 Ballistic Missile
- 13. ICBM SLBM +new SLBM
- 14. SLBM: Trident LLooccaatteeddssoouutthh ooff VViiccttoorriiaa,, BBCC aatt BBaannggoorr,, WWaasshhiinnggttoonn
- 15. 2. Mid-Canada Line 3. DEW Line 1. Pinetree Line
- 16. DEW Staffing •Mostly American
- 17. We sent 2RCAF fighter interceptor squadrons
- 18. ARROW vs. BOMARC Since the Arrow, we’ve bought all of our fighters from the USA
- 19. CCuubbaann MMiissssiillee CCrriissiiss • Brinkmanship • The doomsday clock • NORAD commitment • Diefenbaker vs. Kennedy Nuclear Midnight
- 20. Frog 7 withLuna Missile
- 21. How Close were Canada’s Nukes?
- 22.
- 23. more missiles (+more dudes) more bombers & MIRVs
- 25. Cruise Missiles flyunder RADAR and so cannot be detected: an example of non-traditional Western technology (not included in SALT 2) In the 80s, Cruise tests at Cold Lake were a political hot-potato for Cdn PMs.
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- 28. Autonomy: When didCda stand up to the USA? When did it acquiesce? 5500ss 6600ss 7700ss 8800ss 9900ss We Agreed NATO We Disagreed Cuban missile crisis Vietnam Cuba/P.R. of China S.D.I. (Star Wars) NORAD / DEW Line Bomarc vs. Arrow Accepting nukes Cruise missile tests
- 29. Unarmed Cruise MissileTests: Cold Lake Weapons Testing Range
- 30. Summary:Post-War Defence •Why would these be included in a unit on Canadian autonomy? – Compare NORAD to the BCATP – What nationality is NATO’s top general? – What nationality is NORAD’s top general? – DEW Line staffing – Defence projects/contracts – Nuclear warheads on Cdn fighters – Cruise missile testing in Canada in the 80s – Foreign policy/defence policy (Middle East?)
- 31. Post-War Defense Paragraph • How was Canada’s autonomy affected by post-war defense issues? – Please note that after fighting so hard in the first half of the 20th century to gain autonomy, we seem to have willingly surrendered some of it to the USA though our participation in NATO and NORAD. Was the trade-off worth it?
- 32. Fun Quiz: 1.Define NATO: • What does the acronym stand for? • When was it introduced? • What was the program about? 2. How was Germany governed immediately after the Second World War and how did that change the map of Europe?
- 33.
Editor's Notes
- #2 Entrance to the Ottawa Diefenbunker
- #6 Harry S. Truman 1949 inauguration speech
- #7 An armed attack on one member, the treaty's Article 5 pledged, would be an armed attack on them all. Article 2, moreover, was the result of sheer Canadian insistence and perseverance. It summoned alliance members to improve themselves and each other politically, socially and economically. The argument behind the "Canadian article," its instant nickname, was that there must be the development of a genuine North Atlantic community if the alliance was to endure and reach out to find the better, safer ground of a sane and moral world. It was inspiring stuff, and St. Laurent and Pearson meant every word of it.
- #11 One reason why coalition armies were so successful in Yugoslavia, Iraq, and Afghanistan in the 1990s and after, is because of the groundwork created in NATO in the Cold War.
- #12 Now called North American Aerospace Defence.
- #13 The USA found the rocket plant at the end of the war – they shipped much technology back to the USA. The German scientists went to the USA and worked on the Saturn V rockets that NASA sent to the moon.
- #18 CF 104 Starfighter; CF 100 Avro Canuck
- #19 Worry of intercepting over Canadian cities with planes vs using missiles further north = 1957 decision to scrap Arrow and build DEW Line.
- #20 Metaphoric Doomsday Clock started by scientists in 1947 at 23:53. Farthest = 17 minutes to midnight (1991 after StaRT) / Closest = 3 minutes to midnight (1953 when both USA and USSR tested thermo-nuclear devices within nine months of one another. As of 2002, it’s back to 7 minutes. The Cuban Crisis did not shift the clock but the world perception is that it brought us closer to midnight than other events.
- #22 On a warm night in June 1964, a C-124 Globemaster transport belonging to the United States Air Force (USAF) landed at Royal Canadian Air Force Station Zweibrucken in West Germany – Gave CF 104s their first nukes – small – about the size of Hiroshima bombs – others 13 times as powerful. HONEST JOHN surface to surface – able to take nukes
- #24 Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle
- #27 Bottom left: shooting a piece of Lexan at aluminum using kinetic energy from a light gas gun with a velocity of 23,000 ft/sec (almost 30 times the speed of a rifle bullet). Bottom right: SDI sensory equipment being sent on a Delta Star rocket. Top right: many criticized SDI as the stuff of science fiction. They said it was too expensive. The idea was repackaged by George W Bush following 911.