The Cold War began in 1945 after WWII and lasted until 1991. It was a period of geopolitical tension and military buildup between the United States and its capitalist allies and the Soviet Union and its communist allies. Though direct military conflict was avoided, the two superpowers engaged in espionage, propaganda, arms races, and proxy wars. Canada was pulled closer to the U.S. through alliances like NORAD but maintained some independence in foreign policy decisions. The threat of nuclear war loomed large throughout the Cold War as both sides stockpiled weapons.
Eoct review questions gps 19 and 20 wwii and cold warphillipgrogers
world war II cold war d-day v-e day atomic bomb hiroshima nagasaki fall of berlin bay of pigs eisenhower john f. kennedy vietnam war u2 incident kent state incident containment policy
Eoct review questions gps 25 late cold war and modern politicsphillipgrogers
Late Cold War and Modern Politics Richard Nixon detente stagflation Roe v. Wade Watergate Gerald Ford Camp David Accords Iranian Hostage Crisis Reaganomics Ronald Reagan Berlin Wall Iran-Contra Scandal George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton George W. Bush Gore September 11th
Eoct review questions gps 19 and 20 wwii and cold warphillipgrogers
world war II cold war d-day v-e day atomic bomb hiroshima nagasaki fall of berlin bay of pigs eisenhower john f. kennedy vietnam war u2 incident kent state incident containment policy
Eoct review questions gps 25 late cold war and modern politicsphillipgrogers
Late Cold War and Modern Politics Richard Nixon detente stagflation Roe v. Wade Watergate Gerald Ford Camp David Accords Iranian Hostage Crisis Reaganomics Ronald Reagan Berlin Wall Iran-Contra Scandal George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton George W. Bush Gore September 11th
The Cold War, United States, USSR, Vietnam War, Korean War, Space Race, Nuclear Arms Race, Cuban Missile Crisis, Bay of Pigs, Berlin Wall, Iron Curtain, Containment Policy, Marshall Plan, John F. Kennedy, Nikita Khrushchev, Detente, Red Scare, Ronald Reagan, Perestroika, Glasnost
The early cold war, 1945-50, follows my USN in WW II series. A major focus follows the Unification struggle leading to the DoD. The USN faces an even greater mission but must resist being stripped of the budget to carry it out.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. • The transition into post-war Canada was smoother
after WW II than the transition from WW I.
• Past experience had alerted the government to the
needs of returning soldiers and the changes
required for a successful transition to a peace-time
economy.
3. • Of concern was the admission by a Russian
cipher clerk of the existence of a Soviet spy ring
in Canada.
• Igor Gouzenko’s divulgence of this information
resulted in a realization by Canada that it was not
removed from international affairs and especially
the affairs of its southern neighbour the United
States of America.
• It would open a new era in foreign affairs.
4. • A cipher clerk for the
Soviet Embassy to
Canada in Ottawa,
Ontario.
• He defected on Sept. 5,
1945 with 109
documents on Soviet
espionage activities in
the West.
5. • The U.S.A. and Russia would square off as the
world’s superpowers.
• As a result of the escalation of nuclear weapons
and differing political views, the two nations would
confront each other with challenges for control of
developing nations.
• The superpowers would engage in small scale
wars while continually endeavouring to gather
secret information through espionage and spy
rings.
6. • Constant global confrontation between the
Soviet Union and United States.
• Avoidance of direct armed conflict between
the two “Superpowers”.
7.
8.
9.
10. What two ideologies were in conflict during the Cold War?
• A. anarchy and socialism
• B. democracy and fascism
• C. communism and democracy
• D. communism and totalitarianism
11. Key Issues
• Why did the wartime alliance fall apart?
• What were the major points of difference?
• The importance of Yalta and Potsdam
conferences
• The roles of Stalin and Truman
12. • The creation of the
U.N.
• Truman takes control
• Postdam Conference
13.
14.
15.
16.
17. • The Allied countries
struggled to split
Germany and they did
so by splitting it into
four zones with each
country controlling a
zone
• Can begin to see that
there is a “small”
problem?
18. • Winston Churchill
o Speech at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri on
March 5, 1946.
“An iron curtain has descended across the
Continent.”
• Describes Soviet sphere of influence and control
in eastern Europe.
21. • Major point: The USSR lost around 20 million
people in WW2
• Stalin was determined to make the USSR secure
in the future
• By contrast GB lost around 370,000 and the USA
lost 297,000 people.
22. • Before WW2 there were a number of countries
which could have claimed to be superpowers –
USA, USSR,GB, France, Japan, Germany.
• They were colonial powers NOT a superpower
• The damage caused by the war to these countries
left only two countries with the military strength
and resources to be called superpowers…USA
and USSR.
23. • Don’t forget USA was capitalist and USSR was
communist
• They were complete opposites
• They had allied against Fascism ….. Now the
common enemy had been defeated the reason
for co-operation was gone
• Differences soon emerged
24. • After the war, who would lead the countries and
form new governments?
• The USSR favoured the communist groups, the
USA favoured the non-communists
• Examples would be Greece and Yugoslavia
• This was one cause of tension between the
superpowers
25.
26. • The Marshall Plan was
attempt to repeat WW1.
• Economic recovery for
Europe with America
taking the lead.
• Over 10 million dollars
largest to food feed and
fertilizer.
• 13 billion in grants and
many trade partners for
US. Soviets did not want
help.
• Stubborn and did not want
our influence.
27. • No idea what to do with a
defeated Germany.
• Stepped up communist
influence.
• Many tried to flee but the
roads to West Berlin cut
off.
• 2.5 million people now
threatened to starve.
• Started Berlin Airlift.
200,000 missions 13000
tons of food a day
28. • This relationship would become known as the
Cold War and would manifest itself in battles in
Korea, Vietnam, Egypt, and Cuba.
• Defensive posturing would result in the creation of
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization of
democratic countries and the Warsaw Pact, an
alliance of communist countries.
• The hope of N.A.T.O. was to stop or limit the
spread of communism, the “red menace”.
29.
30.
31. The Bikini Atoll-Marshall Islands.
A bomb test , July 1946.
The U.S. relocated the residents prior to this test, but the indigenous people of
this island have not been able to return since.
32. • August 29, 1949
• Soviets called their
first the “First
Lightning”
• Their weapons
laboratory was in
Kazakhstan
35. • The United Nations, a predecessor to the ineffective
League of Nations, was created in 1945 in San
Francisco formulated on the principle of collective
security.
• This organization could publicly condemn offending
nations, impose economic boycotts, and engage
military force through its Security Council.
• The five permanent members of the UN Security
Council are: Great Britain, France, the U.S.A.,
Russia, and China (they all have the power of
“veto”).
36.
37. • Canada would be an active member of the U.N.
participating in many aspects of the organizations
structure.
• Canada would be a member of the prestigious
Security Council in every decade of the U.N.’s
existence.
• It would be Lester B. Pearson, who would
become Prime Minister of Canada in 1963, who
suggested a solution to the Suez Crisis with the
deployment of an international peace keeping
force to maintain the peace.
38. • Lester Bowles "Mike"
Pearson (23 April 1897
– 27 December 1972)
• A Canadian statesman,
diplomat and politician
who was made a Nobel
Laureate in 1957.
• Fourteenth Prime
Minister of Canada from
April 22, 1963, until April
20, 1968
39. • The United Nations is committed to the
betterment of people’s lives through its many
agencies including the World Health
Organization, UNICEF, and the International
Monetary Fund.
• Canada has participated in many of these
agencies as well as development projects, aid
during natural disasters, and refugee assistance.
40. • Military apprehension would lead Canada to
closer ties with the U.S.A (and decreasing
association with Great Britain).
• Canada would commit to the N.O.R.A.D
agreement in 1957, a combined defensive effort
of North America by combined Canadian and
American efforts (mostly American).
41.
42.
43. • The Americans would install three “warning
systems” throughout Canada purposed to
intercept inter-continental ballistic missiles that
if launched would travel over Canada on their way
to either the U.S.A. or Russia.
• Canada would keep an army brigade and several
air squadrons in Europe and Canadians ships
and planes would track Russian submarines.
47. • The Canadian government would develop civil
defence plans for citizens and those more fearful,
would construct “bomb shelters”.
• Canadians would also become more conscious of
“communist” ideologies and sympathies.
• Defence industries “screened” their workers and
unions were eyed with a “watchful eye”.
48.
49. • The situation in Canada did not parallel the
American intensity. Senator McCarthy initiated a
“witch-hunt” in the U.S.A. for communists and
communists sympathizers with his House
Committee on Un-American Activities.
• McCarthy’s persecution of many innocent
Americans through this commission would ruin
many of their lives.
50.
51. This was the last time Canada “officially” declared
war upon another country.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56. USA
• 450 ICBMs
• 250 Medium range
missiles
• 2,260 Bombers
• 16,000Tanks
• 32 Nuclear submarines
• 260 Conventional
submarines
• 76 Battleships and
carriers
USSR
• 76 IBMs
• 700 Medium range
bombers
• 1,600 bombers
• 38,000 Tanks
• 12 Nuclear submarines
• 495 Conventional
submarines
• 0 Battleships and cruisers
57. In 1960, U2 was a spy plane
Able to fly 6000km at high altitudes
Could take photos of Soviet bomber bases and missile sites
58.
59. • In the 1960’s tensions existed between the
presidents of the U.S.A. and Canadian prime
ministers, probably a result of a lack of total
commitment by Canada to U.S. defence efforts.
• Both Prime Ministers Diefenbaker and Pearson
would have confrontations with Presidents
Kennedy and Johnson.
• Canada was hesitant during the Cuban missile
crisis and Pearson was hesitant to allow nuclear
warheads on American missiles on Canadian
soil.
• We are a Nuclear Free Country!!
60. • Canadians tracked Soviet submarines in the
North Atlantic from military facilities in
Halifax.
• Beacons were placed on the ocean floor.
• These are now used to track the migration of
whales.
61. Canada also had the Distant Early Warning line (DEW) and Mid Canada Line ( radar and tracking
stations located across the north and middle of the country).
It was designed and built during the Cold War as the primary line of air defence warning of "Over the
Pole" invasion of the North American Continent.
There would be 58 sites and would be used for over 30 years
62. • Uranium City, Saskatchewan mined
weapons grade uranium for use in nuclear
weapons.
• Ship the weapons grade down to the United
States and the route was kept secret.
• This site is still extremely radioactive today.
• Nuclear weapons were placed here for
approximately twenty years. The mid 1960’s
to the mid 1980’s.
63. • A shining moment occurred with the development
of the Avro Arrow, a supersonic jet fighter.
• It was well ahead of its time technologically but
would be scrapped by the Diefenbaker
government who maintained modern day warfare
would be fought with intercontinental missiles
rather than jet fighters.
64.
65. • It was also a Liberal inspired project and
Diefenbaker was a Conservative.
• Some thought the project was submarined by the
U.S.A. because they had not developed the
technology.
• It is ironic that most of the world’s minor conflicts
since then have utilized jet fighters almost
exclusively.
66. Which of the following was a result of Canada’s decision to cancel the Avro
Arrow project?
• A. greater economic growth
• B. increased dependency on the US military
• C. withdrawal of its membership from NORAD
• D. decreased involvement with the United
Nations
67. • On July 21, 1969, the first manned moon landing
by the U.S.A. occurred.
• The ozone layer was discovered in 1976.
• In 1969 ARPANET was created, it provided the
foundation for the development of the Internet.
• Spar Arrowspace, a Canadian company, would
develop the Canadarm for the U.S, space
missions.
68.
69. • A change in leadership in the U.S.S.R. brought
change to the communist world.
• The U.S.S.R.’s President Mikhail Gorbachev’s
policies of “glasnost” and “perestroika”
brought sweeping economic, social, and political
reforms, to the U.S.S.R.
• Censorship was loosened and greater freedom of
speech was allowed.
• East Germans, Czechs, Poles, Hungarians, and
Romanians demanded similar reforms.
70.
71. • In November of 1989 the Berlin Wall fell but
China who experimented with perestroika was
more reluctant with increased freedoms as
evidenced in Tiananmen Square where the
military squared off with demonstrating students
and citizens.
• The result indicated China was not as ready as
the U.S.S.R. to chart a new domestic path.