SQLTXPLAIN (SQLT) is a free tool that provides comprehensive diagnostics for SQL tuning. It takes a single SQL statement as input and outputs a compressed file containing a main HTML report and other files. The document discusses installing and using SQLT to extract diagnostic information for a SQL statement using its SQL_ID or by executing the SQL text. It also recommends practicing with SQLT and reading a book on mastering SQLTXPLAIN.