SQL Server is able to service requests from a large number of concurrent users. When SQL Server is servicing requests from many clients, there is a strong possibility that conflicts will occur because different processes request access to the same resources at the same time. A conflict in which one process is waiting for another to release a resource is called a block. Although in SQL Server a blocked process usually resolves itself when the first process releases the resource but there are times when a process holds a transaction lock and doesn't release it. In this tip, we will learn different techniques to troubleshoot and resolve blocks in SQL Server.
SQL Server is able to service requests from a large number of concurrent users. When SQL Server is servicing requests from many clients, there is a strong possibility that conflicts will occur because different processes request access to the same resources at the same time. A conflict in which one process is waiting for another to release a resource is called a block. Although in SQL Server a blocked process usually resolves itself when the first process releases the resource but there are times when a process holds a transaction lock and doesn't release it. In this tip, we will learn different techniques to troubleshoot and resolve blocks in SQL Server.
The eBITUG 2017 presentation that provides and overview of DBaaS capabilities delivered by NonStop SQL/MX. It also shows how DBS simplifies provision of databases and facilitates automation. It supports virtualized as well as regular NonStop X86-based systems.
In general, database is a collection of data in an organized manner. The organized structure of the database makes it easier to manage the data efficiently. For instance, the structured data is easy to handle and perform specific analysis. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Oracle Database:- www.transtutors.com/homework-help/computer-science/oracle-database.aspx
Top 5 TSQL Improvements in SQL Server 2014Boris Hristov
SQL Server 2014 comes with dozens of improvements in various areas. In this presentation we will discuss and see how the new release can make the life of each and every developer easier and what are the top 5 T-SQL enhancements that we can use in our day-to-day work.
With the introduction of SQL Server 2012 data developers have new ways to interact with their databases. This session will review the powerful new analytic windows functions, new ways to generate numeric sequences and new ways to page the results of our queries. Other features that will be discussed are improvements in error handling and new parsing and concatenating features.
An introduction to Data Quality Services. DQS enables to discover, build, and manage knowledge about your data. Use that knowledge to perform data cleansing, matching and profiling. We will explore the numerous features and capabilities of Data Quality Services and its integration with SSIS with the DQS Cleansing Transform. Data Quality Services in SQL Server 2012
This exam measures your ability to accomplish the technical tasks listed below. The percentages indicate the relative weight of each major topic area on the exam. https://www.pass4sureexam.com/70-461.html
The eBITUG 2017 presentation that provides and overview of DBaaS capabilities delivered by NonStop SQL/MX. It also shows how DBS simplifies provision of databases and facilitates automation. It supports virtualized as well as regular NonStop X86-based systems.
In general, database is a collection of data in an organized manner. The organized structure of the database makes it easier to manage the data efficiently. For instance, the structured data is easy to handle and perform specific analysis. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Oracle Database:- www.transtutors.com/homework-help/computer-science/oracle-database.aspx
Top 5 TSQL Improvements in SQL Server 2014Boris Hristov
SQL Server 2014 comes with dozens of improvements in various areas. In this presentation we will discuss and see how the new release can make the life of each and every developer easier and what are the top 5 T-SQL enhancements that we can use in our day-to-day work.
With the introduction of SQL Server 2012 data developers have new ways to interact with their databases. This session will review the powerful new analytic windows functions, new ways to generate numeric sequences and new ways to page the results of our queries. Other features that will be discussed are improvements in error handling and new parsing and concatenating features.
An introduction to Data Quality Services. DQS enables to discover, build, and manage knowledge about your data. Use that knowledge to perform data cleansing, matching and profiling. We will explore the numerous features and capabilities of Data Quality Services and its integration with SSIS with the DQS Cleansing Transform. Data Quality Services in SQL Server 2012
This exam measures your ability to accomplish the technical tasks listed below. The percentages indicate the relative weight of each major topic area on the exam. https://www.pass4sureexam.com/70-461.html
Introduction to Master Data Services in SQL Server 2012Stéphane Fréchette
What is Master Data Services? Why is it important? - Will discuss Master Data Services capabilities, it's underlying architecture. Will demo creating a model, using SQL Server 2012 MDS add-in for Microsoft Excel, creating hierarchies, business rules and exposing/integrating data with other interfaces (Data Warehouse)
SSDN Technology is a training institute located in Delhi Gurgaon, NCR & India which offer best MCSA - SQL SERVER 2012 training by our experienced trainer. We are providing live project training with full lab facility. For more details for a bright future call us at +91-9999-111-686.
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The AlwaysOn Availability Groups feature is a high-availability and disaster-recovery solution that provides an enterprise-level alternative to database mirroring. Introduced in SQL Server 2012, AlwaysOn Availability Groups maximizes the availability of a set of user databases for an enterprise
SQL vs NoSQL, Structured Query Language (SQL)
More rigid and structured way of storing data
Consists of two or more tables with columns and rows
Relationship between tables and field types is called a schema
A well-designed schema minimizes data redundancy and prevents tables from becoming out-of-sync.
NoSQL: Not only SQL
Greater flexibility than their traditional counterparts
Unstructured data from the web
NoSQL databases are document-oriented
Ease of access
Compare the capabilities of the Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Serv.pdfarihantplastictanksh
Compare the capabilities of the Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle’s MySQL, and
Oracle relational database management systems (RDBMSs). Your paper should discuss the
processing speeds, data storage capabilities, maximum users supported, platforms supported,
user interfaces, development tools, vendor support, and cost. Discuss and cite at least two
references in addition to our textbook. Your paper should be 3-5 pages in length (excluding title
and References pages)
Solution
Microsoft Access
Overview:
Microsoft Access is a part of Microsoft Office,
it is commercially available database in the market
Inexpensive/standard on most computers
users can create complex databases
database professionalas can use construct a database
customers of MS-Access:
It is mainly used in small corporate companies or IT Sectors with 1-80 endusers.
Features of MS-Access:
1.It is having GUI Interface for creating databases
2. A databae contains tables, forms, reports, queries, macros.
3. It facilitates autocontent wizards to build tables or forms or reports.
4. It acts as an interface to other DBMS using ODBC
5. It is used for small business companies
6. Provides security like password protection
7. Provides a Data dictionary
8. We can repair the database
9. We can create different views
10. External data can be imported into Access
11. We can create web pages based using the database
12. It has as built in Macro functions
13. It uses Structurered Query Language
14. We can create forms, reports etc by using Visual Basic Application programming
15. Provides Add in controls like calendars
16. It can merged into word and analysed with Excel etc.
Issues:
Security:
User level security is very difficult
Tuning:
It does not have the ability to split over multiple Hard Drives, multiple CPUs or to place tables
into memory.
Locking:
Basic handling of concurrent users Backup and recovery at basic level.
ANSI SQL standard often doesn\'t work,MS-Access has it\'s own modified version of ANSI
SQL.
MySQL
Overview
MySQL is a database engine. It has a command line interface that allows the creation of
database. It Requires Front-end applications to access it for end users. EX:- C#, PHP, Microsoft
ASP.Net.
Typical users
Small companies or workgroups, through to very large Internet databases with large numbers of
users
Ex:wikipedia,Moodle.
Features
1. Speed:One of the fastest databases available
2. Ease of use: when compared to larger databases such as Oracle Uses standard SQL
3. Capability: A multi-threaded server allowing many clients to connect at the same time Fully
networked for the Internet with built in security
4.Portability: Runs on a many operating systems and different hardware
5. Small size: when compared to other large databases e.g. Oracle
6. Availabliity and Cost: Open Source ,Free in most situations to use
7. Open distribution and source code: You can check how it works – if you have the knowledge.
8. interface to other DBMS’s using Open Database Connectivit.
So, you know how to deploy your code, what about your database? This talk will go through deploying your database with LiquiBase and DBDeploy a non-framework based approach to handling migrations of DDL and DML.
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
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Empowering the Data Analytics Ecosystem: A Laser Focus on Value
The data analytics ecosystem thrives when every component functions at its peak, unlocking the true potential of data. Here's a laser focus on key areas for an empowered ecosystem:
1. Democratize Access, Not Data:
Granular Access Controls: Provide users with self-service tools tailored to their specific needs, preventing data overload and misuse.
Data Catalogs: Implement robust data catalogs for easy discovery and understanding of available data sources.
2. Foster Collaboration with Clear Roles:
Data Mesh Architecture: Break down data silos by creating a distributed data ownership model with clear ownership and responsibilities.
Collaborative Workspaces: Utilize interactive platforms where data scientists, analysts, and domain experts can work seamlessly together.
3. Leverage Advanced Analytics Strategically:
AI-powered Automation: Automate repetitive tasks like data cleaning and feature engineering, freeing up data talent for higher-level analysis.
Right-Tool Selection: Strategically choose the most effective advanced analytics techniques (e.g., AI, ML) based on specific business problems.
4. Prioritize Data Quality with Automation:
Automated Data Validation: Implement automated data quality checks to identify and rectify errors at the source, minimizing downstream issues.
Data Lineage Tracking: Track the flow of data throughout the ecosystem, ensuring transparency and facilitating root cause analysis for errors.
5. Cultivate a Data-Driven Mindset:
Metrics-Driven Performance Management: Align KPIs and performance metrics with data-driven insights to ensure actionable decision making.
Data Storytelling Workshops: Equip stakeholders with the skills to translate complex data findings into compelling narratives that drive action.
Benefits of a Precise Ecosystem:
Sharpened Focus: Precise access and clear roles ensure everyone works with the most relevant data, maximizing efficiency.
Actionable Insights: Strategic analytics and automated quality checks lead to more reliable and actionable data insights.
Continuous Improvement: Data-driven performance management fosters a culture of learning and continuous improvement.
Sustainable Growth: Empowered by data, organizations can make informed decisions to drive sustainable growth and innovation.
By focusing on these precise actions, organizations can create an empowered data analytics ecosystem that delivers real value by driving data-driven decisions and maximizing the return on their data investment.
1. SQL Server DBA interview questions
What are the steps to take to improve performance of a poor
performing query?
• Maximum use of indexes, stored procures should be done.
• Avoid excessive use of complicated joins and cursors.
• Avoid using conditional operators using columns of different tables.
• Make use of computed columns and rewriting the query.
What is a deadlock and what is a live lock? How will you go about
resolving deadlocks?
A deadlock occurs when two or more processes waits for a resource that is
acquired by or is under the control of another process. A live lock is similar to
a deadlock except the process states keeps changing. The result of such
state is that none of the process will be complete.
Deadlock detection finds and resolves deadlocks. A WFG strategy is followed.
WFG is wait for graph. In WFG, processes are represented by nodes while
dependencies are represented by edges. Thus, if process A is waiting for a
resource held by process B, there is an edge in the WFG from the node for
process A to the node for process B. a cycle is this graph is a deadlock. WFG
constantly checks for cycles or when a process is blocked and adds a new
edge to the WFG. When a cycle is found, a victim is selected and aborted.
What is blocking and how would you troubleshoot it?
Blocking occurs when two or more rows are locked by one SQL connection
and a second connection to the SQL server requires a conflicting on lock on
those rows. This results in the second connection to wait until the first lock is
released.
Troubleshooting blocking:
• SQL scripts can be written that constantly monitor the state of locking
and blocking on SQL Server
• The common blocking scenarios must be identified and resolved.
• The scripts output must be checked constantly,
• The SQL profilers data must be examined regularly to detect blocking.
2. Explain the different types of BACKUPs available in SQL Server.
Complete database backup: This type of backup will backup all the
information in the database. Used most commonly for disaster recovery and
takes the longest time to backup.
Differential databse backup: The database is divided into partitions that have
been modified since last complete backup. Most suitable for large databases.
The most recent differential backup contains the changes from previous
backups.
Transaction log backups: Backups only the changes logged in the transaction
log. The transaction log has all changes logged about a database. Once the
changes are accommodated on the database, the log is truncated or backed
up.
File/File Group backups: used to recover individual files or file groups. Each
filegroup can be individually backed up. This helps in recovery only the
required file or filegroup for disaster recovery.
What is database isolation in SQL Server?
Isolation in database defines how and when changes made by one
transaction can be visible to other transactions. Different isolation levels are:
• Serializable
• Repeatable read
• Read committed
• Read uncommitted
What is a Schema in SQL Server 2005? Explain how to create a new
Schema in a Database?
A schema is used to create database objects. It can be created using CREATE
SCHEMA statement. The objects created can be moved between schemas.
Multiple database users can share a single default schema.
CREATE SCHEMA sample;
Table creation
Create table sample.sampleinfo
3. {
id int primary key,
name varchar(20)
}
Explain how to create a Scrollable Cursor with the SCROLL Option.
Using the SCROLL keyword while declaring a cursor allows fetching of rows in
any sequence
Example:
DECLARE employee_curs SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM employee;
The active set of the cursor is stored can be accessed in any order without
the need of opening and closing the cursor. The Scroll cursors can be set for
select and function cursors but not insert or update statements.
Explain how to create a Dynamic Cursor with the DYNAMIC Option.
When a cursor is declared as DYNAMIC, the cursor reflects all changes made
to the base tables as the cursor is scrolled around.
Declare cursor_name cursor
[ STATIC | KEYSET | DYNAMIC | FAST_FORWARD ]
FOR select_statement
The dynamic option does not support ABSOLUTE FETCH.
What are database files and filegroups?
Database files are used for mapping the database over some operating
system files. Data and log information are separate. SQL server database has
three types of database files:
Primary: starting point of a database. It also points to other files in database.
Extension: .mdf
4. Secondary: All data files except primary data file is a part of secondary files.
Extension: .ndf
Log files: All log information used to recover database. Extension: .ldf
Describe in brief Databases and SQL Server Databases Architecture.
SQL Server consists of a set of various components which fulfill data storage
and data analysis needs for enterprise applications. Database architecture:
All the data is stored in databases which is organized into logical components
visible to the end users. It’s only the administrator who needs to actually
deal with the physical storage aspect of the databases, whereas users only
deal with database tables.
Every SQL Server instance has primarily 4 system database i.e. master,
model, tempdb and msdb. All other databases are user created databases as
per their needs and requirements.
A single SQL Server instance is capable of handling thousands of users
working on multiple databases.
For more questions with answers, follow the link below:
http://www.careerride.com/SQLServer-Interview-Questions.aspx
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