Spotting copy

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Spot A shows an entomophilous flower pollinated by insects. Spot B shows a blastula, a spherical mass of cells with an inner cell mass and central blastocoel. Spot C shows the section of an ovary consisting of an outer cortex containing ovarian follicles in various stages of development within the inner medulla.

Science

SPOTTING
BIOLOGY PRACTICALS
CLASS 12
By Archana Upmanyu PGT Biology

Spot A-Entomophilous flower
• Brightly coloured.
• Nice fragrance.
• Nectar present in flowers.
• Pollen grain are sticky.
• Pollinated by insects.

Spot B- Blastula
• It is a spherical mass of cells.
• It is composed of an outer envelope of cells,
the trophoblast and an inner cell mass.
• There is a central fluid filled cavity called
blastocoel.

Spot C-Section of Ovary
• Ovary consists of outer cortex and inner
medulla.
• The medulla contains many rounded or oval
bodies called ovarian or graafian follicles at
various stages of development.
• Medulla also contains blood vessels,nerve
fibres and some smooth muscles

Spot D- T.S Testes
• Seminiferous tubules can be seen.
• Various types of germinal cells are present –
spermatogonia, spermatocytes etc

Spot E- Anaemophilous Flower
• Small inconspicuous flowers.
• Flowers colourless ,odourless and nectar less.
• Pollen grains produced in large numbers.
• Pollinated by wind.
• Both the stigma and anthers hang outside the
flowers.

SPOT F- Metaphase 1
• The homologous chromosomes arrange
themselves at the equator of the spindle.
• The spindle gets attached to the centromere
of the chromosome.

SPOT G-ORNITHOPHILOUS FLOWER
• Pollinated by birds.
• Funnel shaped flowers.
• Brightly coloured.
• Odourless.
• Produce a lot of nectar.

SPOT H – Entamoeba histolytica
• It is a protozoan parasite seen in the large
intestine of humans.
• Causes Amoebiasis.
• Symptoms include constipation, abdominal
pain, stools with excess mucous blood clots.

SPOT I- Round Worm/Ascaris
• Causes a disease called Ascariasis .
• It is pathogenic to humans.
• It is an intestinal parasite.
• Symptoms of this disease include internal
bleeding, muscular pain,fever, anaemia and
blockage of the intestinal passage.

SPOT J- Cactus
• It is a zerophytic plant, found in deserts.
• Leaves changed into spines.
• Stem is fleshy, stores water and performs
photosynthesis.

SPOT K-Pedigree Chart
• A record of inheritance of certain genetic
traits for two or more generations presented
in the form of a diagram or family tree.
• Circle stands for female, square for male and
shaded square for affected male.
• It shows the inheritance of colour blindness,a
sex linked recessive disorder of humans.

Spot L- Rolling of tongue
• Is the ability of a person to roll the tongue in a
U shape.
• The inability to roll the tongue is caused by an
autosomal recessive allele “a”.
• Thus, homozygous AA and heterozygous Aa
are able to roll their tongue but homozygous
recessive aa are not able to roll their tongue.

SPOT M-Widow peak
• Widow peak is a “V” shaped hairline across
the forehead.
• It is a dominant trait.
• Thus , both homozygous AA and heterozygous
Aa will have widow peak and homozygous
recessive aa will have straight hairline.

SPOT N- Vallisneria
• A submerged aquatic plant.
• Stems are reduced.
• The leaves are large and ribbon shaped and do
not provide any resistance to the flow of
water.
• The whole plant is covered with mucilage.
• Pollination by water.

SPOT O-KANGAROO RAT
• It lives in the desert.
• Conserves water by giving out concentrated
/solid urine.
• It oxidises fats to produce water.

SPOT P- FISH
• Aquatic animal.
• Streamlined body.
• Fins help in swimming.
• Breathes through gills.

This document provides details for a biology practical exam question on spotting. It includes descriptions of 10 spots (A-I for botany, G-J for zoology) that students must identify and comment on. Spot A involves identifying two plants (maize and salvia) and commenting on their floral adaptations for pollination. Spot B involves identifying and commenting on stages of meiosis. Spot C identifies and comments on techniques like emasculation, bagging, and tagging. Spot D identifies plants and comments on their xeric or aquatic adaptations. Spot E identifies plant pigments separated via paper chromatography. Spot F identifies and describes the vascular system of an anatropous ovule. Spots G-J identify

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Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions among stars. Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars. The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun. Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically, the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec. Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software. Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2 s −1 . The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution, with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.

The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young

Sérgio Sacani

The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the ‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space, because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago. We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data 1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’ did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.

8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf

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The cost of acquiring information by natural selection

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This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome. It's based on the first part of this research paper: The cost of information acquisition by natural selection Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577

快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样

hozt8xgk

学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 【主营项目】一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费) 三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度) 如果您处于以下几种情况： ◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】 ◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到； ◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备； ◇回国时间很长，忘记办理； ◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看； ◇企事业单位必须要求办理的 ◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口 ◇申请留学生创业基金留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才

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PRIYANKA PATEL

With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.

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Spotting copy

1. SPOTTING BIOLOGY PRACTICALS CLASS 12 By Archana Upmanyu PGT Biology

2. • IDENTIFY AND COMMENT ON THE SPOTS……….

3. SPOT A

4. Spot A-Entomophilous flower • Brightly coloured. • Nice fragrance. • Nectar present in flowers. • Pollen grain are sticky. • Pollinated by insects.

5. Spot B

6. Spot B- Blastula • It is a spherical mass of cells. • It is composed of an outer envelope of cells, the trophoblast and an inner cell mass. • There is a central fluid filled cavity called blastocoel.

7. Spot C

8. Spot C-Section of Ovary • Ovary consists of outer cortex and inner medulla. • The medulla contains many rounded or oval bodies called ovarian or graafian follicles at various stages of development. • Medulla also contains blood vessels,nerve fibres and some smooth muscles

9. SPOT D

10. Spot D- T.S Testes • Seminiferous tubules can be seen. • Various types of germinal cells are present – spermatogonia, spermatocytes etc

11. Spot E

12. Spot E- Anaemophilous Flower • Small inconspicuous flowers. • Flowers colourless ,odourless and nectar less. • Pollen grains produced in large numbers. • Pollinated by wind. • Both the stigma and anthers hang outside the flowers.

13. SPOT F

14. SPOT F- Metaphase 1 • The homologous chromosomes arrange themselves at the equator of the spindle. • The spindle gets attached to the centromere of the chromosome.

15. SPOT- G

16. SPOT G-ORNITHOPHILOUS FLOWER • Pollinated by birds. • Funnel shaped flowers. • Brightly coloured. • Odourless. • Produce a lot of nectar.

17. SPOT- H

18. SPOT H – Entamoeba histolytica • It is a protozoan parasite seen in the large intestine of humans. • Causes Amoebiasis. • Symptoms include constipation, abdominal pain, stools with excess mucous blood clots.

19. SPOT- I

20. SPOT I- Round Worm/Ascaris • Causes a disease called Ascariasis . • It is pathogenic to humans. • It is an intestinal parasite. • Symptoms of this disease include internal bleeding, muscular pain,fever, anaemia and blockage of the intestinal passage.

21. SPOT J

22. SPOT J- Cactus • It is a zerophytic plant, found in deserts. • Leaves changed into spines. • Stem is fleshy, stores water and performs photosynthesis.

23. SPOT- K

24. SPOT K-Pedigree Chart • A record of inheritance of certain genetic traits for two or more generations presented in the form of a diagram or family tree. • Circle stands for female, square for male and shaded square for affected male. • It shows the inheritance of colour blindness,a sex linked recessive disorder of humans.

25. SPOT- L

26. Spot L- Rolling of tongue • Is the ability of a person to roll the tongue in a U shape. • The inability to roll the tongue is caused by an autosomal recessive allele “a”. • Thus, homozygous AA and heterozygous Aa are able to roll their tongue but homozygous recessive aa are not able to roll their tongue.

27. Spot- M

28. SPOT M-Widow peak • Widow peak is a “V” shaped hairline across the forehead. • It is a dominant trait. • Thus , both homozygous AA and heterozygous Aa will have widow peak and homozygous recessive aa will have straight hairline.

29. SPOT-N

30. SPOT N- Vallisneria • A submerged aquatic plant. • Stems are reduced. • The leaves are large and ribbon shaped and do not provide any resistance to the flow of water. • The whole plant is covered with mucilage. • Pollination by water.

31. SPOT - O

32. SPOT O-KANGAROO RAT • It lives in the desert. • Conserves water by giving out concentrated /solid urine. • It oxidises fats to produce water.

33. SPOT P

34. SPOT P- FISH • Aquatic animal. • Streamlined body. • Fins help in swimming. • Breathes through gills.

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