1. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 176
Part 01 Pronunciation skills
Stress
What is Stress?
Stress means ‡Rvi †`Iqv, Pvc †`Iqv, Emphasis
At first stress can be divided into two ----
1. Word stress
2. Sentence stress
What is word stress?
When a word has more than one syllable, one of them is pronounced with more
force than the rest. This force is regarded as word stress.
 Example:
Father  Saturday 
Advance  Phonetics 
Characteristics of a stressed syllable
I. Loudness
II. Length
III. Pitch change
Types of word stress
There are mainly two types of stress
a. Primary stress
b. Secondary stress
Primary stress is marked by upper vertical line
Example: - Open 
Secondary stress is marked by lower vertical line
Example: - Education 


2. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 177
Primary stress is important. But secondary stress is less important. It is said
that secondly stress is nothing but decoration.
To comprehend in a short time, a learner must grasp the basic concept of
syllable. This is because; syllables play a very important role to determine a
stress.
Example: - Information.
You want to give stress on this word. So you have to find out how many
syllables are there on this word and then on which syllable there is stress.
Say 

Give stress on the third syllable
How to find out stress?
1) Shewa never appears within a stressed syllable, as it is unstressed by
nature. 
 Example: - Teacher /
  About /

2) Every monosyllabic word is stressed but no stress mark is given on it.
 Example: - cat, dog, cow, how, now
3) Most of the common two syllable nouns and adjectives have stress on the
first syllable.
 Example: - sister, brother, mother, water, paper, table

4) Most of the affix (prefix and suffix) are not stressed.
 Example: -about, amount, account, achievement
5) Words that can be used either as a noun or a verb has two types of
stresses.
A noun has stress on the first syllable.
A verb has stress on the second syllable.
 Example: -

3. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 178
word noun verb
Perfect  
Suspect  
Project  
Import  
Increase  
Contact  
Rebel 
 
Conduct  
Consult  k
Insult  
6) In two syllable verbs, stress is always on the strong syllable.
Initial positions: - centre, equal, open
Final positions: - assist, aback, arrive
7) In three syllable verbs, if the final syllable is strong, then it will be
stressed.
 Example: - entertain, ascertain
But if the final syllable is weak, then the second syllable is to be stressed.
 Example: - encounter, determine
8) In a disyllabic or in a trisyllabic word if the final syllable
containssund then the primary stress will go on the beginning
syllable.
radio  audio 
window  auto 
photo  demo 
follow  veto 
borrow  swallow 
cargo  buffalo 

4. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 179
9) If any word contains “tion” then the primary stress will put on its

preceding syllable.
vacation  population 
nation  orientation 
section  organization 
action  opposition 
satisfaction  occupation 
relation  meditation 
punctuation  hesitation 
promotion  globalization 
production  generation 
10) In abbreviations the first letter contains secondary stress and the last
one contains primary stress.
Example:-
S.S.C - Secondary school certificate.
H.S.C - Higher secondary certificate.
B.B.A - Bachelor of business administration
M.B.A - Master of business administration
B.S.S - Bachelor of social science
M.S.S - Master of social science
E.L.T - English language teaching
B.B.C - British Broadcasting Corporation
C.N.N - Cable news network
C.I.A - Central intelligence agency.
11) Acronym always takes primary stress on the first syllable.
Example:-
IELTS -International English language testing system.
TOEFL -Test of English as a foreign language.
TESOL -Teaching English to speakers of other language.
SAARC -South Asian Association for regional cooperation.

5. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 180
12) Stress on penultimate syllable (second from the end)
i. Words ending in ‘ic’ or ‘ical’
ic = dramatic, patriotic, phonetic
ical = political, biological, practical
(b) Words ending in ‘sion’ and ‘tion’
sion = occasion, diffusion, solution
tion = production, conversation, migration
(c) Words ending in ‘ion and ‘sive’ as suffix
ion = inflexion, religion, opinion
sive = exclusive, offensive, possessive
13) Stress on ante penultimate syllable (third from the end)
i. Words ending in ‘cy’, ‘ty’, ‘phy’, ‘gy’.
cy = policy, privacy, democracy.
ty = personality, opportunity, curiosity.
phy = philosophy, photography, geography
gy = technology, sociology, biology
14) Stress on polysyllabic words.
These words usually have more than one stress - a ‘primary’ stress and a
‘secondary’ stress. Often such words contain a prefix such as ‘inter’, ‘un’
and ‘anti’ etc. and this prefix has a secondary stress. This is mostly common
with many long technical words.
Example:-
Examination, antipersonnel, unforgettable, anticlockwise,

6. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 181
Part 02 Spoken Skills
Lesson 2.1 (fluency process)
Review the questions types
01. Yes/No question Do you know? Zzwg wK Rvb?
02. Information question (W.H) What do you know? Zzwg Kx Rvb?
03. Embeded question Do you know where he lives? Zzwg wK Rvb †m †Kv_vq _v‡K?
04. Tag question You are being fluent. Aren’t you? Zzwg fluent n”Q| ZvB bv?
Yes / No Questions
Repeat with correct intonation
Is it true?  Yes, It’s true. /No, It’s not true at all.
o you want to go now?  Yes, I want ........../ No, I don’t...........
Did you go to class yesterday?  Yes, I went ........../ No, I didn’t...........
Will you come tomorrow?  Yes, I will ................/ No, I won’t.......
Will you be busy in the afternoon?
(we‡K‡j wK Zzwg e¨¯— _vK‡e?)
 Yes, I will ........../ No, I won’t....
Have you had breakfast?  Yes, I have ........../ No, I haven’t…....
Can you come tomorrow?  Yes, I can…./No, I can’t………..
What do you think? Zywg Kx g‡b Ki? (want to say/ want to know?)
Where do you live? Zzwg †Kv_vq evm Ki? (go/sit/ keep/ study?)
What does she mean? †m Kx eySv‡Z Pvq? (want/ say/ like to eat?)
What did you say? Zzwg Kx ej‡j? (say / want/ understand?)
What will you do? Kx Ki‡e? (say/ want/ see?)
What have you done? Zzwg Kx K‡iQ? (said/ understood / wanted to do?)
Where have you been? Zzwg †Kv_vq wQ‡j? (gone/ kept my mobile)
What are you doing? Zzwg Kx KiQ? (talking about/ talking rubbish)

7. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 182
Which †KvbwU ? Which + noun = Which pen, book, dress, movie etc.
†Kvb KjgwU? †Kvb KjgwU Zzwg PvI?
†Kvb eBwU? †Kvb eBwU Zzwg †P‡qwQ‡j?
†Kvb gywfwU? †Kvb gywfwU Zzwg †`‡LwQ‡j? (enjoy)
†Kvb RvgvwU? (dress) ej, †Kvb RvgvwU Zzwg cQ›` K‡iwQ‡j? (choose)
iex›`ªbv‡_i †Kvb Dcb¨vmwU?
(Which novel of Rabindranath)
iex›`ªbv‡_i †Kvb Dcb¨vmwU Zzwg c‡oQ? (.... have you read?)
mgv‡Ri †Kvb welqwU
(which aspect of the society)
mgv‡Ri †Kvb welqwU †Zvgvi Kv‡Q A¯^vfvweK e‡j g‡b nq?
(...do you feel unsual?)
cywjk wWcvU©‡g‡›Ui †Kvb w`KwU
(which aspect of the police
department)
cywjk wWcvU©‡g‡›Ui †Kvb w`KwU †Zvgvi Lvivc jv‡M?
(.... do you think bad?)
Whose KviwU ? Whose + noun = whose suggestion, recommandation.
Kvi civgk©wU
(whose suggestion)
Kvi civgk©wU †Zvgvi Rxeb mvRv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡j?
(....did you find helpful to design your career?)
Kvi mycvwik
(whose recommendation)
Kvi mycvwikwU †Zvgv‡K PvKwi †c‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj?
(....did you find helpful to get the job?)
Kvi wg‡_¨ fvjevmv
(whose fake love)
Kvi wg‡_¨ fvjevmv †Zvgvi Rxe‡b Lvivc cwiYwZ G‡b‡Q?
(....has brought bad effect in your life?)
Kvi wg_¨v Avk¦v‡mi Øviv
(by whose false
commitment)
Kvi wg_¨v Avk¦v‡mi Øviv Zzwg cÖZvwiZ n‡qwQ‡j?
(....were your cheated?)
Kvi wg_¨v ¯^v¶x (whose ..........) Kvi wg_¨v ¯^v¶x †Zvgvi Rxeb ZQbQ K‡i w`‡qwQj? (.....made your
life meaningless?)
Whom Kv‡K ?
Kv‡K- (whom) Avcwb Kv‡K Pvb? (whom do you want?) A_ev, (who do you want for?)
Kvi Øviv- (by whom) Kvi Øviv Zzwg AbycÖvwYZ n‡qwQj (....were you inspired?)
Kvi Kv‡Q (`~‡i eySv‡Z) (to whom) Kvi Kv‡Q Zzwg wPwV wjLQ? (....are you writing a letter?)
Kvi Kv‡Q (Kv‡Q eySv‡Z)
(with whom)
Kvi Kv‡Q Zzwg Bs‡iwR wkLQ? (....are you learning English?)
Kvi mv‡_- (with whom) Kvi mv‡_ Zzwg India hv”Q?
Kvi mv‡_ Zzwg K_v ejQ? (...are you taking about?)
Kvi mv‡_ Zzwg SMov K‡iQ? (....have you hed a quarrel?)
Kvi Rb¨- (for whom) Kvi Rb¨ Zzwg A‡c¶v KiQ? (...are you waiting?)
A_ev, (who are you waiting for?)

8. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 183
Whatever hv-B †nvK bv †Kb
Avcwb hv-B Rvb‡Z Pvb
(whatever you want to know)
Avcwb hv-B Rvb‡Z Pvb Avgv‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(You can ask me.............................................)
hv-B NUzK bv †Kb
(Whatever happens)
hvB NUzK bv †Kb Zzwg Avgv‡K 5 w`‡bi g‡a¨ UvKv †diZ w`‡e|
(........must give back my money within five days.)
Avcwb hv-B e‡jb bv †Kb (whatever you
say)
Avcwb hv-B e‡jb bv †Kb †m KvRwU Ki‡e bv|
(He will not do the work..............................)
Whenever hLbB
hLbB Zzwg mgq cvI
(Whenever you get time)
hLbB Zzwg mgq cvI Avgv‡`i evmvq †eov‡Z G‡mv|
(..............................please visit our house.)
hLbB Zzwg A¯^vfvweK wKQz †`L‡Z cvI
(whenever you see something
unusual)
hLbB Zzwg A¯^vfvweK wKQz †`L‡Z cvI ZLbB †Zvgvi DwPZ mv‡_
mv‡_ cywjk‡K Rvbv‡bv|
(You should inform the police without any
delay......................)
hLbB Zzwg †Kvb wec‡` co
(whenever you fall in trouble)
AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ c_ Pjvi †Póv Ki‡e hLbB wec‡` co|
(Try to have confidence to go ahead.......................)
Wherever †hLv‡bB
Zzwg †hLv‡bB hvI bv †Kb
(Wherever you go)
Zzwg †hLv‡bB hvIbv †Kb we‡Kj 5Uvi g‡a¨ Avgvi mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡e|
(................................................., you must meet me by 5pm)
Zzwg Zv‡K †hLv‡bB †`L bv †Kb
(Where ever you see him)
Zzwg Zv‡K †hLv‡bB †`L bv †Kb Avgvi ï‡f”Qv w`I|
(Please render my good wishes............................................)
However †hfv‡eB †nvK bv †Kb, hvB †nvK
†hfv‡eB †nvK bv †Kb †hfv‡eB †nvK bv †Kb AvR‡Ki g‡a¨ Avgv‡K 5,000 UvKv K‡i w`I|
(Please manage 5,000 tk. by today however you can.)
hvB †nvK (However) hvB †nvK, Zzwg GKUz †f‡e †`L
(...................., you think for a while)
Whoever (singular) †h-B †nvK bv †Kb Whoever (plural) hvivB †nvK bv †Kb
†h-B AvmyK
(Whoever comes)
†h-B wbqg f½ K‡i
(Whoever violates the rules)
†h-B K¬v‡m evsjv ej‡e
(Whoever will speak Bangla in the
class.)
†h-B AvmyK A‡c¶v Ki‡Z e‡jv|
(..................................let him/her wait for me.)
†h-B wbqg f½ K‡i †mB kvw¯— cv‡e|
(........................................., will be punished.)
†h-B K¬v‡m evsjv ej‡e Zv‡KB `yB UvKv K‡i Rwigvbv w`‡Z n‡e|
(............, will be panalized 2 tk. for each Bangla.)
hvivB kvwš— †c‡Z Pvq
(Whoever want to get peace)
hvivB kvwš— †c‡Z Pvq Zv‡`i DwPZ Bmjvg †g‡b Pjv|
(............................. they should follow Islam.)

9. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 184
More examples : Repeat with correct intonation
What do you need?
What did he talk about?
What time did you come?
 I need some money.
 He talked about corruption
 I came at 3 o’clock sharp.
When will you come?
When did you go there?
 I will come on Tuesday.
 I went there at the weekend.
Where is he?
Where do you live?
 I don’t know.
 I live on campus in Surjasen hall.
Why have you come here?
Why do you disturb me?
 I have a talk to you.
 I am sorry to disturb you.
How can I help you?
How far is your home from here?
 You can help me in many ways.
 It is 3 km far from Dhaka.
(To) who (m) should I talk?  You can talk to manager.
Who can answer the question?
Who opened the door? (†K `iRvwU Ly‡jwQj?)
 I can answer the question properly.
 Sorry, I don’t know.
Who are you?
Who goes? (singular) (†K hvq ?)
Who go? (plural) ( Kviv hvq ?)
Who has come? (singular) (†K G‡m‡Q ?)
Who have come? (plural) ( Kviv G‡m‡Q ?)
Who is coming? (singular) (†K Avm‡Q ?)
Who are coming? (plural) ( Kviv Avm‡Q ?)
Who was singing? (singular) (†K Mvb KiwQj ?)
Who were singing? (plural) ( Kviv Mvb KiwQj?)
 I am your well-wisher.
 Someone is going.
 Some people are going.
 Mr. Arif has come.
 Your friends have come.
 Mr. Masum is coming.
 Mr. Masum and his friende are coming.
 A boy was singing.
 Some students were singing.
Step 2 W.H statement What I think (Avwg hv fvwe)
Avwg hv fvwe
(What I think)
hLb †Kvb mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nI
(When you face any
problem)
†m †hLv‡b/†Kv_vq _v‡K
(where he lives)
†m hv e‡jwQj
(what he said)
†m †hLv‡b/ †Kv_vq wM‡qwQj
(where he went)
Avwg hv fvwe Zvn‡jv †Zvgvi mgq‡K mwVKfv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡bv DwPZ|
(................. that you should utilize your time properly.)
hLb †Kvb mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nI Avgv‡K ej‡Z fyjbv|
(Don’t forget to tell me.................................................)
Avwg Rvwb bv †m †Kv_vq/†hLv‡b _v‡K|
(I don’t know...................................................................)
†m hv e‡jwQj Avwg Zv eywSwb|
(I didn’t understand...................................................... )
†m Avgv‡K e‡jwb †Kv_vq wM‡qwQj|
(He didnot tell me..........................................................)

10. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 185
Listen and repeat
Q.-1: Can you tell me? Q.-2: How can I get fluency?
Embeded Q.: Can you tell me+ how I can get fluency?
Q.-1: Do you know? Q.-2: Where is he?
Embeded Q.: Do you know+ where he is?
Q.-1: Do you know? Q.-2: Where is he going?
Embeded Q.: Do you know +where he is going?
Q.-1: Could you tell me? Q.-2: What should I do?
Embeded Q.: Could you tell me + what I should do?
Positive sentence+negative tag Negative sentence+positive tag
‘It’s a nice day, isn’t it?’ ‘He doesn’t look well today, does he?’
‘I am right, aren’t I?’(=am I not) You aren’t going out today, are you?
There was a lot of traffic, wasn’t there? You haven’t got a pen, have you?
He will be here soon, won’t he? You don’t know where arif is, do you?
You are going out today, aren’t you? She won’t be late, will she?
She speaks English, doesn’t she? You didn’t lock the door, did you?
Arif should pass the exam, shouldn’t he? You aren’t coming today, are you?
 Let’s go for a walk, shall we? (the voice goes up)
 Don’t be late, will you? (the voice goes down)
More about W.H
How
much money does it cost?
many people come?
old are you?
cold is it?
soon can you get here?
fast were you driving?
long has he been here?
often do you write?
far is it to Dhaka from
here?
What kind of soup is that?
What kind of shoes did he buy?
What countries did you visit?
What time did she come?
What colour is his hair?
What sort of music do you like?
Since when has he been teaching?
What made you angry? (sub. of a
question)
What went wrong?
What do you need? (object)
In which year
(†Kvb mv‡j)
In which month
(†Kvb gv‡m)
On which day
(†Kvb w`‡b)
On what date
(†Kvb Zvwi‡L)
At what time
(†Kvb mg‡q)
At what age
(KZ eQ‡i)

11. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 186
Fluency in Passives
ÒRice is eaten by me (Avgvi Øviv fvZ LvIqv nq)Ó mvaviYZ passives ej‡Z Avgiv GB ai‡Yi Sentence-†K
ey‡S _vwK| wKš‘ GKUz †Lqvj K‡i †`Lyb †h, Dc‡ii SentencewU GKwU nvm¨Ki Sentence ˆe wKQz bq| KviY,
Language to communicate not to complicate fvlvi cÖ‡qvRb nj g‡bi fve mn‡R cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ KwVb Kivi
Rb¨ bq| hv Dc‡ii SentencewU K‡i‡Q|
Zvn‡j cÖkœ nj-
1. †Kv_vq passives Kivi `iKvi †bB|  †hLv‡b Active m¤¢e †mLv‡b Passive Kivi `iKvi †bB|
2. †Kv_vq passives Ki‡Z n‡e|  hw` Agent Rvbv bv _v‡K
(My money bag has been stolen-Avgvi gvwb e¨vM nviv‡bv wM‡q‡Q)|
 hw` Object †ewk ¸i“Z¡c~Y© nq Subject-Gi PvB‡Z
(English is taught here-GLv‡b Bs‡iwR †kLv‡bv nq)|
3. wKfv‡e mn‡R passives Ki‡Z n‡e|  Some certain structures
You need to know as well.........................
Object (What/whom)
verb †K wK/Kv‡K Øviv cÖkœ Ki‡j hv cvIqv hvq
The work is done  I was informed.
(KvRwU Kiv nq) (Avgv‡K Rvbv‡bv n‡qwQj)
Verb P.P e.g.  done, gone, informed, called etc.
Passive – 01
1. It is done Bnv Kiv nq
2. It was done Bnv Kiv n‡qwQj
3. It will be done Bnv Kiv n‡e
4. It is being done Bnv Kiv n‡”Q
5. It was being done Bnv Kiv nw”Qj
6. It has been done Bnv Kiv n‡q‡Q
7. It can be done Bnv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
8. It could be done Bnv Kiv †h‡Z cviZ
9. It may be done Bnv Kiv †h‡ZI cv‡i
10. It should be done Bnv Kiv DwPZ
11. It should have been done Bnv Kiv DwPZ wQj
12. It must be done Bnv Aek¨B Kiv n‡e
13. Let it be done Bnv Kiv †nvK
14. It is needed to be done Bnv Kiv `iKvi

12. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 187
Passive – 02
1. I am invited Avgv‡K `vIqvZ †`Iqv nq
2. I was invited Avgv‡K `vIqvZ †`Iqv n‡qwQj
3. I will be invited Avgv‡K `vIqvZ †`Iqv n‡e
4. I can be invited Avgv‡K `vIqvZ †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i
5. I should be invited Avg‡K `vIqvZ †`Iqv DwPZ
6. I should have been invited Avgv‡K `vIqvZ †`Iqv DwPZ wQj
7. I must be invited Avg‡K Aek¨B `vIqvZ †`‡qv n‡e
8. I have been invited e&gv‡K `vIqvZ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q
Passive – 03
1. Verbs with two objects in the passive
Some verbs, for example, give, send, offer, show, pay, teach, promise and tell can have two
objects. Notice the following sentences:
Someone gave Jamy the money. (Active)
Object-1 Object-2
†KD GKRb Rvwg‡K UvKv w`‡qwQj|
In cases like this, we can make two different passive sentences. (G mg¯— †¶‡Î)
Jimmy was given the money. (wRwg‡K UvKv †`Iqv n‡qwQj|) [It is more usual) to begin with the person]
The money was given to Jimmy.
I was sent a telegram. (Avgv‡K †UwjMÖvg Kiv n‡qwQj)
He was given the chance to rectify himself for the last time.
wb‡R‡K ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡K †klev‡ii gZ my‡hvM †`qv n‡qwQj|
2. Am / Is / Are to be done
The room is to be cleaned. i“gwU cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
These books are to be bought. GB eB¸‡jv wKb‡Z n‡e|
The election is to be held next month. AvMvgx gv‡m wbe©vPb AbywôZ n‡e|
Nobody is to be allowed to enter the hall without permission. AbygwZ Qvov GLv‡b KvD‡K XyK‡Z †`qv nqbv|
Nothing is to be bought here. GLv‡b †Kv‡bv wRwbmB †Kbvi gZ bq|

13. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 188
LESSON- THE FOOD FIESTA
Kathryn Kelly
English Language Advisor
British Council 5 Fuller Road GPO BOX 161
Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
Mobile: 0171 400 0004 | BCTN (8)212 1306
Email: kathryn.kelly@britishcouncil.org
The Wall Post:
Flatter me and I won't believe you - Criticise and I
won't forgive you. Encourage me and I won't forget
you. Apologies for not encouraging so much recently - standby for some full-on active
encouragement soon.
Kathryn loves to eat. She is fond of Salad & Vegetables as she is a vegetarian. Though she is a vegetarian
sometimes she takes pudding. Rubina posted Yorkshire pudding and a fruit platter for Kathryn below:

14. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 189
Activity1: Write on Kathryn’s wall
Take a look at the dishes posted on Kathryn’s wall. Do those foods look delicious? Do
they make your mouth go watery? What is your favorite dish? Post recipes of some of
your favorite dish to Kathryn’s wall.
Activity 2: Individual Task
Right Recipes: Matching
There are three different lists of ingredients given below. Can you match the correct recipe
name with ingredient list?
List 1
One flounder, soy sauce, garlic, scallions, ginger slices, vegetable oil, rice
a. Thai soup with ginger slices. b. rice with vegetable oils c. Steam flounder
with ginger scallions
List 2
Chicken pieces, salt, garlic powder, thyme oregano seasoned salt, peanut oil
a. Kentucky fried chicken b. Mama pearl’s double-seasoned fried chicken c.
Chicken butter masala
List 3
Flour, salt milk, cream, water, eggs, butter
a. Custard with cream b. Yorkshire pudding c. Milk shake with butter
cream

15. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 190
Activity 4: Individual Task
How do you cook that? Describing a Process:
Now explain in an ideal way How to make the following items?
 How to make an omelet?
 How to make a cup of tea?
 How to make a chicken sandwich?
 How to make a fried fish?
 How to make a green salad?
Activity 6: Pair work
Conversation questions
First do the scratch-work to gather primary information on the topics given below.
Then start a conversation on the subject with your ideas and opinions.
TOPIC 1: Is junk food good or bad?
 Scratch work……
 What is junk food………….
 Example………………….
 Available at……………….
 Who are the major customers……………………
 Are they expensive…………
 Are they nutritious…………
 What are advantages of having junk food……………
 What are the bad effects of having junk food……………

16. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 191
Topic 2: Food adulteration is the main reasons for health problems in our country.
 Scratch work……….
 What is adulteration?
 Any alternative terms that you know to define….
 Types of adulteration
 Example of adulteration
 What are the main reasons that people tend to engage in adulteration
 What are the items that are mostly adulterated
 How can we contain adulteration
 How can we prevent adulteration
 Can you recall any recent story that shook the world….
Activity7: Reading task
Discussing a Reading in the following passage, a resident of Brooklyn describes a typical
Sunday in her neighborhood. Read the passage and discuss the questions that follow.
Brooklyn, New York is a very large, vibrant village. Its streets are full of world music, its
buildings built by the hands of every culture. On a typical Saturday afternoon, as I walk
through my neighborhood in search of lunch, I'm aware of the beautiful small world I
inhabit. A group of Puerto Rican children play baseball in the street, making way for cars
as they pass—first, a German car with sounds of Dominican bachata music flowing from
its windows, followed by a Japanese truck whose driver enjoys Afro-Caribbean calypso. I
stop inside the corner store to say hello to the Korean owner who sells me fresh flowers.
My quest for food continues as I wander past many different types of restaurants. Should I
eat a gyro from the Greek diner? Maybe a sugar bun from the Jamaican bakery or some
minestrone soup from the Italian cafe will cure my hunger. As I walk past KFC and
MacDonald a junk of quick hunger teased my stomach. But I wouldn’t settle for less. So I
walk straight ahead and crossed through the china town. The aroma of Hot and sour soup

17. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 192
perforates my senses threadbare. As I sniff a little longer I hit a pizza hut round the corner
of the 44th avenue. They serve Italian pizza for years with rich fat cheese layers. I am
turning forty this June and must cut down on fatty food. Well, Taco Bel was the best low
fat filler available at the Fiesta Mexicana at the end of the street .But my tongue turns
nostalgic whenever smoky flavour of chicken Tandoori runs past my senses and I fall prey
to the taste of India. My stomach full, I continue my walk through the neighborhood, this
time listening to the variety of different languages I hear on the street and I realize that
language is music. Between Farsi and French, Swahili and Polish, each language has a
unique rhythm and melody. Surrounded by so many international feasts and sounds, I am
proud to call the global village of Brooklyn my home.
1. How many types of food did the writer mention in his writing? Mention them with
origin.
2. How many International Chain food shops have been mentioned by the writer?
3. Have you ever eaten in any such International food joint? Share your experience
when you first visited the place.
4. What food does the writer finally ate and why?
Activity8: Debate
Global Citizen: Fusion Or Friction
In a globalized world we are becoming more used to foreign dresses, music, culture and
even food. This fusion is certainly helping us to stand on a single identity as a global
citizen. But at the same time our own home-grown identity is under increasing risk of
fading eventually and thus put the very idea in ideological friction. Do you want to
become a global citizen? Why? How would you project your idea of a global citizen?
Discuss in group.

18. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 193
Part 03 Practical Session
At first group or pair practice then individual practice
Lesson 3.1
01. T.V Programs:
What to say How to say
a. What kind of T.V. programs do you have in your country?
b.What is your opinion about these programs?
c. What are the benefits your society gets from these T.V. programs?
d. Which program do you enjoy most? Why?
e. What is your suggestion about that program?
02. Holiday:
What to say How to say
a. Name a holiday in your country which is observed nationally?
b. What kind of things do the people do on this day?
c. What is the importance of this day?
d. What do you like to do on that day?
03. Books which influence you:
What to say How to say
a. Have read any book which influenced you?
b. What is the name of the book?
c. When did you read this book?
d. How did you feel after reading them?
e. How did this book influence you?

19. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 194
04. Describe a trip which you once had:
What to say How to say
a. Where did you go?
b. For what purpose did you go there?
c. Did you enjoy there?
d. What did you do for your enjoyment?
e. Which place do you like to visit?
05. Family:
What to say How to say
a. What kind of families do you mostly see in your country?
b. What kind of family do you have?
c. Do you like it? Why?
d. Say something about your family?
06. Memorable time:
What to say How to say
a. Describe a memorable period of your life?
b. What was the specialty of that period?
c. Why is it memorable to you?
d. Who were present with you?
Lesson 4.5
Chant slogan (†møvvMvb †`qv) Enlisted terrorist (ZvwjKvf~³ mš¿vmx)
Extortionist (Puv`vevR) Following morning (ciw`b mKvj)
Keep under lock and key (Zvjve× K‡i ivLv) Meanwhile (B‡Zvg‡a¨)
Veteran Politician (cÖexY ivRbxwZwe`) Overthrow (DrLvZ Kiv, mwi‡q †`qv)
Fail to produce proof (cÖgvY †`Lv‡Z e¨_© nIqv) Fake (fyqv)
Strongly condemn (K‡Vvifv‡e wb›`v Kiv) Cut tendons (iM KvUv)