This document discusses stem-changing verbs in Spanish that end in -gar, -car or -zar. When forming the subjunctive tense, these verbs undergo spelling changes to the stem to retain the original hard sound of the 'g', 'c' or 'z' before the 'e' ending. Specifically, it states that a 'g' becomes 'gu', a 'c' becomes 'qu', and a 'z' becomes 'c'. It then provides the subjunctive conjugations for the verbs llegar, sacar, and empezar as examples.

2. When the infinitive ends in –gar, -car or –zar
you will have a spelling change in the stem.
This is due to having to retain the original
sound of the ‘g’, ‘c’ or ‘z’ which will be
different before an ‘a’ or ‘e’
0 G before an ‘e’ will change to ‘gu’ to retain the hard
‘g’ sound it has before the letter ‘a’.
0 C before an ‘e’ will become ‘qu’ to retain the hard ‘c’
or ‘k’ sound it has before the letter ‘a’.
0 Z before an ‘e’ will change to ‘c’ before an ‘e’ (because
z’s don’t precede ‘e’ in Spanish).

3. Llegar
0 The subjunctive forms for llegar are:
Llegue Lleguemos
Llegues Lleguéis
Llegue Lleguen
Es importante que lleguemos a tiempo para la primera clase.

4. Sacar
0 The subjunctive forms for sacar are:
Saque Saquemos
Saques Saquéis
Saque Saquen
No es verdad que los jóvenes saquen malas notas en esa clase.

5. Empezar
also is a stem-changing verb
0 The subjunctive forms for empezar are:
Empiece Empecemos (no stem-change here)
Empieces Empecéis (no stem-change here)
Empiece Empiecen
Es dudoso que la profesora empiece tarde la discusión.