The document introduces SPEEDE/ExPRESS, an electronic system for exchanging student records between educational institutions efficiently. It was developed with input from organizations like AACRAO and involves standard transcript formats approved by ASC X12. The system uses electronic networks, disks, or tapes to transmit student data in a format that can be translated into any receiving institution's system. This facilitates accurate transfer of student academic histories and credits between schools.
This document summarizes technology resources and support at Texas State Technical College West Texas. It describes how the college leverages technology to support learning, including providing students and faculty access to computer labs, online databases, software, and the Colleague database system. It also discusses the role of the Network and Telecommunications Services department in maintaining the college's technology infrastructure and providing technical support.
stem-focused-technology-mediated-advising-reformMarkeisha Grant
1) Four community colleges received grants to implement STEM-focused advising reforms using the iPASS model to improve student persistence and completion in STEM fields.
2) The colleges chose to focus on STEM programs due to workforce demands for STEM graduates and to increase representation of underrepresented groups in STEM.
3) Three colleges plan to pilot iPASS with STEM students and programs before expanding institution-wide, while one college will implement iPASS across all programs from the start. The pilots aim to test technology tools and refine advising approaches.
Kent State University provides many virtual student services for its online students through its Kent State Online website. These services include academic support, technology resources, and student services. However, some key services are offered independently across departments and not centralized. Additionally, many services are designed for online students only and may not be accessible or relevant for residential students. The presentation recommends expanding services like orientation, counseling, and community building to better serve all students, both online and residential, through more comprehensive and centralized virtual student support.
This document summarizes the results of a national survey on online education programs. It found that colleges are making major investments in faculty training for online teaching, with over half requiring an average of 22 hours of mandatory training. However, responsibility for ADA compliance often falls to individual faculty instead of a central compliance office, posing a vulnerability. The survey also found continued growth in online enrollments but barriers like faculty resistance and budget cuts. Organizational structures for online programs are in transition at many institutions.
Presentation at the European Distance Education and E-Learning Network (EDEN) Conference, Genoa, Italy, 17-20 June 2018. Authors: Paul Prinsloo, Sharon Slade and Mohammad Khalil
The document discusses several topics related to data sharing and integration between student management systems (SMS) and learning management systems (LMS):
1. 110 KAMAR schools have an LMS and 103 could link the SMS and LMS to automate data transfer and improve data accuracy and timeliness.
2. Assistance is available to help schools link their SMS (KAMAR) and LMS, including a daily batch data transfer process and support for setting it up.
3. Over 53,000 student records were transferred between schools horizontally and over 136,000 changes were recorded overall as students moved between schools. A secure student record transfer system helps with this process.
This document summarizes technology resources and support at Texas State Technical College West Texas. It describes how the college leverages technology to support learning, including providing students and faculty access to computer labs, online databases, software, and the Colleague database system. It also discusses the role of the Network and Telecommunications Services department in maintaining the college's technology infrastructure and providing technical support.
stem-focused-technology-mediated-advising-reformMarkeisha Grant
1) Four community colleges received grants to implement STEM-focused advising reforms using the iPASS model to improve student persistence and completion in STEM fields.
2) The colleges chose to focus on STEM programs due to workforce demands for STEM graduates and to increase representation of underrepresented groups in STEM.
3) Three colleges plan to pilot iPASS with STEM students and programs before expanding institution-wide, while one college will implement iPASS across all programs from the start. The pilots aim to test technology tools and refine advising approaches.
Kent State University provides many virtual student services for its online students through its Kent State Online website. These services include academic support, technology resources, and student services. However, some key services are offered independently across departments and not centralized. Additionally, many services are designed for online students only and may not be accessible or relevant for residential students. The presentation recommends expanding services like orientation, counseling, and community building to better serve all students, both online and residential, through more comprehensive and centralized virtual student support.
This document summarizes the results of a national survey on online education programs. It found that colleges are making major investments in faculty training for online teaching, with over half requiring an average of 22 hours of mandatory training. However, responsibility for ADA compliance often falls to individual faculty instead of a central compliance office, posing a vulnerability. The survey also found continued growth in online enrollments but barriers like faculty resistance and budget cuts. Organizational structures for online programs are in transition at many institutions.
Presentation at the European Distance Education and E-Learning Network (EDEN) Conference, Genoa, Italy, 17-20 June 2018. Authors: Paul Prinsloo, Sharon Slade and Mohammad Khalil
The document discusses several topics related to data sharing and integration between student management systems (SMS) and learning management systems (LMS):
1. 110 KAMAR schools have an LMS and 103 could link the SMS and LMS to automate data transfer and improve data accuracy and timeliness.
2. Assistance is available to help schools link their SMS (KAMAR) and LMS, including a daily batch data transfer process and support for setting it up.
3. Over 53,000 student records were transferred between schools horizontally and over 136,000 changes were recorded overall as students moved between schools. A secure student record transfer system helps with this process.
This document is an introduction to a book containing short stories that illustrate acts of fidelity and brotherhood among Freemasons. It provides background on the origins and history of Freemasonry, including its roots in stonemason guilds of the Middle Ages, the development of symbols and rituals to unite masons, and its growth into a worldwide fraternal organization open to men of good character. The introduction emphasizes Freemasonry's foundations of moral and social virtue, charity, brotherly love, relief and truth.
Maine association of_christian_schools-world_bank-1984-6pgs-edu-polRareBooksnRecords
The document is a letter from the Maine Association of Christian Schools providing information about Kevin Ryan's testimony regarding Boston University, Portugal, and the World Bank. Specifically, it includes portions of Ryan's testimony where he describes: 1) His role working with the Portuguese Ministry of Education to develop new teacher training institutions; 2) How the World Bank supported Portugal's modernization of its education system to join the European economic community; and 3) His responsibilities recruiting experts and advising on curriculum for the teacher training program between Boston University and Portugal.
Mc carthy and_his_enemies-wm_f_buckley_jr-l_brent_bozell-1954-421pgs-polRareBooksnRecords
This prologue introduces the book "McCarthy and His Enemies" by William F. Buckley Jr. and L. Brent Bozell. It argues that McCarthy has been unfairly criticized by intellectual opponents who do not take his investigations seriously and do not investigate his record factually. It contends McCarthy's opponents commit an "intellectual felony" by making unsupported generalizations about McCarthy without examining the facts of what he has actually done and said. The prologue asserts McCarthy is one of the few politicians who takes ideas and intellectual choices seriously, while his opponents argue people should not be held responsible for their past associations and commitments.
Men without faces-louis_francis_budenz-1950-315pgs-polRareBooksnRecords
The document describes the author's experience as managing editor of the Daily Worker from his guarded, locked, soundproof office. It housed secret meetings of Communist party leaders and agents directing espionage and propaganda efforts. The office was a hub for coordinating the party's infiltration of American institutions and promotion of the Soviet agenda. The ultimate goal of this conspiracy, according to the author, was the violent overthrow of the US government and establishment of a global Communist dictatorship led by Stalin.
The great betrayal-stephen_wise-jacob_de_haas-1930-310pgs-rel-polRareBooksnRecords
This document introduces the book "The Great Betrayal" by Stephen S. Wise and Jacob de Haas, which aims to present the facts surrounding Britain's changing policy on Palestine from the Balfour Declaration in 1917 to the Passfield White Paper in 1930. It traces how Britain moved from its original commitment to facilitating a Jewish national home in Palestine to imposing new restrictions. The introduction sets up the indictment that Britain betrayed its obligations under the mandate it received from the League of Nations to implement the Balfour Declaration.
The czech conspiracy-george_lane_fox-pitt_rivers-1938-102pgs-polRareBooksnRecords
This document is an introduction and prologue to a book about the Czech conspiracy and its role in the events leading up to World War II. The author provides background on why and how the book was written, describing their experiences and research in Central Europe. They discuss the controversy around a meeting they spoke at about Czechoslovakia and the tensions around discussing different ethnic groups and minorities, particularly Jews. The prologue sets up the topic of the full book and arguments that will be made about the secret influences and plots that threatened to bring about catastrophe in Europe.
Stalin russia and_the_crisis_in_socialism-max_eastman-1940-281pgs-polRareBooksnRecords
The document summarizes Max Eastman's changing views on socialism in Russia over time. Originally, Eastman endorsed Lenin's system of revolutionary engineering, believing it would lead to greater liberty, equality, and individuality after the socialization of land and capital. However, he has since become disillusioned as Stalin consolidated power and established an authoritarian regime. Eastman now sees little hope for a classless society in Russia and believes the country will become as reactionary as any that emerged from feudalism if changes are not made within the next decade. He notes the cultural reaction that has reversed early progress on education, women's rights, and peace that were cited by early observers like John Dewey and Lucy Wilson.
This document contains summaries of two articles about the increasing use of pre-trial psychiatric examinations in criminal cases, which the authors argue undermine constitutional rights.
The first article discusses how pre-trial psychiatric examinations are being used as a "dread weapon" against defendants to avoid embarrassing trials. It details how General Walker was involuntarily committed for a 90-day psychiatric evaluation based on news reports without ever seeing a judge. The second article argues that pre-trial psychiatric examinations violate a defendant's Sixth Amendment right to a speedy trial and Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination by allowing the government to "mind tap" defendants. It asserts these examinations are a more insidious invasion of privacy than wiretapping. Both
The communist magazine-schools_and_the_peoples_front-1957-17pgs-eduRareBooksnRecords
This article discusses the role of public schools in the development of a People's Front movement in the United States. It argues that while public schools were established through popular struggle led by unions, they ultimately serve the function of perpetuating capitalist ideology. The article outlines some of the key issues with how schools are currently administered and the impact this has on students. It asserts that the educational crisis cannot be separated from the broader capitalist crisis. The article concludes by arguing for the development of a progressive philosophy of education centered around Marxism-Leninism to guide the people's movement in transforming both the content and administration of schools.
This document outlines a vision for shared responsibility in Maine's education system between various entities. It discusses the interconnected roles and actions of Maine state government, the Department of Education, and the State Board of Education in developing and facilitating a statewide education plan. It also outlines responsibilities for communities, families, religious institutions, and businesses/industry in supporting education.
The business man_of_syria-charles_francis_stocking-william_wesley_totheroh-19...RareBooksnRecords
Lucas, a biographer from Syria, writes a prolog to introduce his two-volume biography of the world's most successful businessman. He aims to provide an accurate account based on eyewitness sources to convince his patron Theophilus, a prominent leader, of the validity of the businessman's teachings. Lucas carefully researched oral traditions and existing writings about the businessman to compile a trustworthy record. He incorporated the work of Mark and drew on interviews with original witnesses to present a balanced portrayal of the man and his message of business as mental activity.
This document provides a list of previous works by Arnold Lunn, the author of the book "Revolutionary Socialism in Theory and Practice". The list includes over 30 of Lunn's previous publications covering a wide range of topics from skiing and alpine sports to biographies, histories of various places in Europe, religious works, and works on science and the supernatural.
This document provides a summary of a book titled "Reds in America" that examines the status of revolutionary movements in the United States. It describes the Communist Party as a highly disciplined and secretive organization ruled by a minority leadership. The party assumes democratic forms to gain mass support while establishing a dictatorship remains its objective. Members face strict rules and punishment for infractions in order to maintain control over the movement. The goal of the Communists is to influence the larger unorganized public through control of trade unions and other groups.
School improvement goals-regional_ed_lab-1981-1pg-eduRareBooksnRecords
This document provides information about two upcoming conferences on school improvement and the use of microcomputers in schools. It outlines hotel accommodation options for attendees, with room rates and contact information. It also includes registration forms for the individual conferences or to attend both. The conferences will take place in Portland, Oregon in November 1981 and include keynote speakers and sessions on innovative practices and managing school improvement.
This document summarizes the activities of the American Newspaper Publishers Association (ANPA), which it describes as the "House of Lords" of the American press. The ANPA holds secret annual meetings to discuss plans and policies without public scrutiny. While publicly advocating for freedom of the press, the meetings focus on anti-labor tactics and fighting measures that threaten newspaper profits and the interests of big business. The document provides historical examples of the ANPA lobbying to benefit newspaper owners' financial interests at the expense of balanced coverage. It argues the ANPA has become an advocate for the policies of big business rather than upholding journalistic ethics.
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of climate change on wheat production. Researchers found that higher temperatures and changing precipitation patterns will significantly reduce wheat yields across major wheat-producing regions by 2050. The study concludes that efforts must be made to develop wheat varieties that can tolerate hotter and drier conditions to ensure future global food security as the climate continues to warm.
Major weekly propagandist-paul_a_fisher-395pgs_mason-sec_socRareBooksnRecords
This document summarizes and critiques an article from the news magazine U.S. News and World Report about Freemasonry. It claims that several facts presented in the article are contradicted by official Masonic publications and other sources. Specifically, it argues that the article incorrectly states there is no Masonic symbolism on the US one dollar bill and that Masonry does not actively recruit new members. The document suggests the article is propagandistic and aims to dispel misinformation about the Masonic fraternity.
Programme of the_communist_party_of_the_soviet_union-1961-128pgs-polRareBooksnRecords
This document is the Programme of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union adopted in 1961. It outlines the Party's goals of building communist society in the USSR by developing industry, agriculture, and the national economy, improving living standards, strengthening democracy and social organizations, and promoting communist ideology, education, science, and culture. It emphasizes that the transition from capitalism to socialism is necessary for human progress due to capitalism's contradictions and obstacles to development. The Party aims to build communism where people receive benefits according to their needs.
This document summarizes the organization and activities of the Communist Party in Russia based on Senate hearings and official Communist Party documents:
1) The Communist Party is a highly disciplined and secretive organization that strictly controls its few hundred thousand members and screens new applicants rigorously.
2) Party members are expected to propagandize against religion and are not allowed to participate in religious activities. Infractions of rules can result in penalties up to expulsion from the party.
3) As the only legal political party in Russia, the Communist Party maintains a monopoly on political power. All high-ranking government officials are also party members.
4) The party leadership uses its influence over the legal system to intervene in
This document provides an introduction to a textbook on behavior analysis and behavior modification. It begins by outlining the structure and goals of the textbook, which is divided into two sections - the first covering behavior analysis as the scientific foundation, and the second covering behavior modification as the application of those scientific principles. The introduction emphasizes that behavior analysis can provide elegant explanations for human behavior using just a few basic concepts and principles. It then introduces the "Law of Effect" as the core concept, stating that whether behaviors are repeated depends on their effects. The following chapters will explore this concept and other concepts built upon it.
This document outlines a thesis proposal for developing an online grade inquiry system for Notre Dame of Kalamansig in the Philippines. The proposal discusses how the current manual grade distribution process is time-consuming and inefficient as the student population has increased. The proposed online system would allow students to view and print their grades online via a website using any internet-connected device. The objectives, scope, limitations and significance of the study are provided. A review of related literature on online grading systems and the importance of securely storing student grades is also presented.
Data Analysis and Result Computation (DARC) Algorithm for Tertiary InstitutionsIOSR Journals
The document describes a Data Analysis and Result Computation (DARC) algorithm written in Fortran for analyzing student data and computing examination results in tertiary institutions. DARC takes student information, course data, examination scores, and previous academic records as input. It outputs analysis of student demographics, individual student result sheets showing grades and GPA/CGPA calculations, summaries of academic performance, and logs of courses passed or still outstanding. Testing on sample student data validated DARC's reliability in accurately processing records and computing results for large student populations in a tertiary institution.
This document is an introduction to a book containing short stories that illustrate acts of fidelity and brotherhood among Freemasons. It provides background on the origins and history of Freemasonry, including its roots in stonemason guilds of the Middle Ages, the development of symbols and rituals to unite masons, and its growth into a worldwide fraternal organization open to men of good character. The introduction emphasizes Freemasonry's foundations of moral and social virtue, charity, brotherly love, relief and truth.
Maine association of_christian_schools-world_bank-1984-6pgs-edu-polRareBooksnRecords
The document is a letter from the Maine Association of Christian Schools providing information about Kevin Ryan's testimony regarding Boston University, Portugal, and the World Bank. Specifically, it includes portions of Ryan's testimony where he describes: 1) His role working with the Portuguese Ministry of Education to develop new teacher training institutions; 2) How the World Bank supported Portugal's modernization of its education system to join the European economic community; and 3) His responsibilities recruiting experts and advising on curriculum for the teacher training program between Boston University and Portugal.
Mc carthy and_his_enemies-wm_f_buckley_jr-l_brent_bozell-1954-421pgs-polRareBooksnRecords
This prologue introduces the book "McCarthy and His Enemies" by William F. Buckley Jr. and L. Brent Bozell. It argues that McCarthy has been unfairly criticized by intellectual opponents who do not take his investigations seriously and do not investigate his record factually. It contends McCarthy's opponents commit an "intellectual felony" by making unsupported generalizations about McCarthy without examining the facts of what he has actually done and said. The prologue asserts McCarthy is one of the few politicians who takes ideas and intellectual choices seriously, while his opponents argue people should not be held responsible for their past associations and commitments.
Men without faces-louis_francis_budenz-1950-315pgs-polRareBooksnRecords
The document describes the author's experience as managing editor of the Daily Worker from his guarded, locked, soundproof office. It housed secret meetings of Communist party leaders and agents directing espionage and propaganda efforts. The office was a hub for coordinating the party's infiltration of American institutions and promotion of the Soviet agenda. The ultimate goal of this conspiracy, according to the author, was the violent overthrow of the US government and establishment of a global Communist dictatorship led by Stalin.
The great betrayal-stephen_wise-jacob_de_haas-1930-310pgs-rel-polRareBooksnRecords
This document introduces the book "The Great Betrayal" by Stephen S. Wise and Jacob de Haas, which aims to present the facts surrounding Britain's changing policy on Palestine from the Balfour Declaration in 1917 to the Passfield White Paper in 1930. It traces how Britain moved from its original commitment to facilitating a Jewish national home in Palestine to imposing new restrictions. The introduction sets up the indictment that Britain betrayed its obligations under the mandate it received from the League of Nations to implement the Balfour Declaration.
The czech conspiracy-george_lane_fox-pitt_rivers-1938-102pgs-polRareBooksnRecords
This document is an introduction and prologue to a book about the Czech conspiracy and its role in the events leading up to World War II. The author provides background on why and how the book was written, describing their experiences and research in Central Europe. They discuss the controversy around a meeting they spoke at about Czechoslovakia and the tensions around discussing different ethnic groups and minorities, particularly Jews. The prologue sets up the topic of the full book and arguments that will be made about the secret influences and plots that threatened to bring about catastrophe in Europe.
Stalin russia and_the_crisis_in_socialism-max_eastman-1940-281pgs-polRareBooksnRecords
The document summarizes Max Eastman's changing views on socialism in Russia over time. Originally, Eastman endorsed Lenin's system of revolutionary engineering, believing it would lead to greater liberty, equality, and individuality after the socialization of land and capital. However, he has since become disillusioned as Stalin consolidated power and established an authoritarian regime. Eastman now sees little hope for a classless society in Russia and believes the country will become as reactionary as any that emerged from feudalism if changes are not made within the next decade. He notes the cultural reaction that has reversed early progress on education, women's rights, and peace that were cited by early observers like John Dewey and Lucy Wilson.
This document contains summaries of two articles about the increasing use of pre-trial psychiatric examinations in criminal cases, which the authors argue undermine constitutional rights.
The first article discusses how pre-trial psychiatric examinations are being used as a "dread weapon" against defendants to avoid embarrassing trials. It details how General Walker was involuntarily committed for a 90-day psychiatric evaluation based on news reports without ever seeing a judge. The second article argues that pre-trial psychiatric examinations violate a defendant's Sixth Amendment right to a speedy trial and Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination by allowing the government to "mind tap" defendants. It asserts these examinations are a more insidious invasion of privacy than wiretapping. Both
The communist magazine-schools_and_the_peoples_front-1957-17pgs-eduRareBooksnRecords
This article discusses the role of public schools in the development of a People's Front movement in the United States. It argues that while public schools were established through popular struggle led by unions, they ultimately serve the function of perpetuating capitalist ideology. The article outlines some of the key issues with how schools are currently administered and the impact this has on students. It asserts that the educational crisis cannot be separated from the broader capitalist crisis. The article concludes by arguing for the development of a progressive philosophy of education centered around Marxism-Leninism to guide the people's movement in transforming both the content and administration of schools.
This document outlines a vision for shared responsibility in Maine's education system between various entities. It discusses the interconnected roles and actions of Maine state government, the Department of Education, and the State Board of Education in developing and facilitating a statewide education plan. It also outlines responsibilities for communities, families, religious institutions, and businesses/industry in supporting education.
The business man_of_syria-charles_francis_stocking-william_wesley_totheroh-19...RareBooksnRecords
Lucas, a biographer from Syria, writes a prolog to introduce his two-volume biography of the world's most successful businessman. He aims to provide an accurate account based on eyewitness sources to convince his patron Theophilus, a prominent leader, of the validity of the businessman's teachings. Lucas carefully researched oral traditions and existing writings about the businessman to compile a trustworthy record. He incorporated the work of Mark and drew on interviews with original witnesses to present a balanced portrayal of the man and his message of business as mental activity.
This document provides a list of previous works by Arnold Lunn, the author of the book "Revolutionary Socialism in Theory and Practice". The list includes over 30 of Lunn's previous publications covering a wide range of topics from skiing and alpine sports to biographies, histories of various places in Europe, religious works, and works on science and the supernatural.
This document provides a summary of a book titled "Reds in America" that examines the status of revolutionary movements in the United States. It describes the Communist Party as a highly disciplined and secretive organization ruled by a minority leadership. The party assumes democratic forms to gain mass support while establishing a dictatorship remains its objective. Members face strict rules and punishment for infractions in order to maintain control over the movement. The goal of the Communists is to influence the larger unorganized public through control of trade unions and other groups.
School improvement goals-regional_ed_lab-1981-1pg-eduRareBooksnRecords
This document provides information about two upcoming conferences on school improvement and the use of microcomputers in schools. It outlines hotel accommodation options for attendees, with room rates and contact information. It also includes registration forms for the individual conferences or to attend both. The conferences will take place in Portland, Oregon in November 1981 and include keynote speakers and sessions on innovative practices and managing school improvement.
This document summarizes the activities of the American Newspaper Publishers Association (ANPA), which it describes as the "House of Lords" of the American press. The ANPA holds secret annual meetings to discuss plans and policies without public scrutiny. While publicly advocating for freedom of the press, the meetings focus on anti-labor tactics and fighting measures that threaten newspaper profits and the interests of big business. The document provides historical examples of the ANPA lobbying to benefit newspaper owners' financial interests at the expense of balanced coverage. It argues the ANPA has become an advocate for the policies of big business rather than upholding journalistic ethics.
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of climate change on wheat production. Researchers found that higher temperatures and changing precipitation patterns will significantly reduce wheat yields across major wheat-producing regions by 2050. The study concludes that efforts must be made to develop wheat varieties that can tolerate hotter and drier conditions to ensure future global food security as the climate continues to warm.
Major weekly propagandist-paul_a_fisher-395pgs_mason-sec_socRareBooksnRecords
This document summarizes and critiques an article from the news magazine U.S. News and World Report about Freemasonry. It claims that several facts presented in the article are contradicted by official Masonic publications and other sources. Specifically, it argues that the article incorrectly states there is no Masonic symbolism on the US one dollar bill and that Masonry does not actively recruit new members. The document suggests the article is propagandistic and aims to dispel misinformation about the Masonic fraternity.
Programme of the_communist_party_of_the_soviet_union-1961-128pgs-polRareBooksnRecords
This document is the Programme of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union adopted in 1961. It outlines the Party's goals of building communist society in the USSR by developing industry, agriculture, and the national economy, improving living standards, strengthening democracy and social organizations, and promoting communist ideology, education, science, and culture. It emphasizes that the transition from capitalism to socialism is necessary for human progress due to capitalism's contradictions and obstacles to development. The Party aims to build communism where people receive benefits according to their needs.
This document summarizes the organization and activities of the Communist Party in Russia based on Senate hearings and official Communist Party documents:
1) The Communist Party is a highly disciplined and secretive organization that strictly controls its few hundred thousand members and screens new applicants rigorously.
2) Party members are expected to propagandize against religion and are not allowed to participate in religious activities. Infractions of rules can result in penalties up to expulsion from the party.
3) As the only legal political party in Russia, the Communist Party maintains a monopoly on political power. All high-ranking government officials are also party members.
4) The party leadership uses its influence over the legal system to intervene in
This document provides an introduction to a textbook on behavior analysis and behavior modification. It begins by outlining the structure and goals of the textbook, which is divided into two sections - the first covering behavior analysis as the scientific foundation, and the second covering behavior modification as the application of those scientific principles. The introduction emphasizes that behavior analysis can provide elegant explanations for human behavior using just a few basic concepts and principles. It then introduces the "Law of Effect" as the core concept, stating that whether behaviors are repeated depends on their effects. The following chapters will explore this concept and other concepts built upon it.
This document outlines a thesis proposal for developing an online grade inquiry system for Notre Dame of Kalamansig in the Philippines. The proposal discusses how the current manual grade distribution process is time-consuming and inefficient as the student population has increased. The proposed online system would allow students to view and print their grades online via a website using any internet-connected device. The objectives, scope, limitations and significance of the study are provided. A review of related literature on online grading systems and the importance of securely storing student grades is also presented.
Data Analysis and Result Computation (DARC) Algorithm for Tertiary InstitutionsIOSR Journals
The document describes a Data Analysis and Result Computation (DARC) algorithm written in Fortran for analyzing student data and computing examination results in tertiary institutions. DARC takes student information, course data, examination scores, and previous academic records as input. It outputs analysis of student demographics, individual student result sheets showing grades and GPA/CGPA calculations, summaries of academic performance, and logs of courses passed or still outstanding. Testing on sample student data validated DARC's reliability in accurately processing records and computing results for large student populations in a tertiary institution.
This document discusses the creation of a system-wide data warehouse called the Common Data Repository and Electronic Data Warehouse (CDR/EDW) by the Tennessee Board of Regents (TBR) to facilitate data-driven decision making. It aims to organize student data from all TBR institutions to allow for data mining and analytics at the system level. The document outlines some challenges to implementing such a data warehouse, presents case studies of similar projects, and provides recommendations for effective use of the CDR/EDW, including potential questions it could help answer across multiple institutions.
The document summarizes the mission and activities of the University of Texas TeleCampus consortium, which coordinates online and distance education programs across 14 University of Texas institutions. Key points:
- The UT TeleCampus facilitates collaborative online degree programs across UT institutions and provides services like course development funding, quality assurance, and student and faculty support.
- It coordinates several fully online master's programs across multiple UT institutions and oversees hundreds of online course sections annually, serving thousands of students.
- The consortium aims to expand access to UT programs through online learning and shares best practices for distance education across the UT system.
The pilot project used SIF to track student attendance across three jurisdictions (WA, SA, NT) to address issues with tracking mobile indigenous students who frequently change schools and cross state borders. SIF gathered attendance data from each jurisdiction and matched it centrally in a "Central Schools" application to provide a single view of attendance. This allowed daily tracking of attendance without creating a new data system. The pilot demonstrated that SIF can support complex cross-jurisdictional data sharing projects.
Design of a prototype web based students’ record management system – webstremsAlexander Decker
This document describes the design of a web-based student record management system called WEBSTREMS. The system was designed to manage student records in an efficient, flexible and reliable way. It uses a client-server architecture with role-based access. Students can update their information and register for courses, lecturers can authorize courses and update grades, and administrators can print transcripts. The system was implemented using ASP.NET, SQL Server and allows online access via a web browser. The goal is to improve management of student data and provide timely access to information for students, parents and university authorities.
STUDYING ACADEMIC INDICATORS WITHIN VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT USING EDUCAT...IJDKP
The rapid developments in information and communication technologies taking place recent years, make it easy for people to pursue their education distantly. The development of new technologies helped to open spatial and temporal boundaries of learning toward virtual learning, and helped to transform education process from its classical form of courses within classrooms to a new virtual form within virtual environments; Consequently, lessons and lectures are elivered using information and communication technologies tools, and student's attendance is virtually performed via Internet. oreover, the education process in its new form becomes a supervised process, rather than a fully controlled process since virtual learning changed the education process pattern represented by the triangle (student, teacher and content)
by increasing the importance of both “student” and “content” factors and transforming the main task of
the “teacher” from “Teaching” to “Tutoring”. Consequently, many questions are raised concerning students’ performance and concerning the adequacy of virtual learning process. These questions are related to the need of accreditation for virtual learning and virtual universities.Our work aims to use Educational Data Mining (EDM) in order to study academic indicators concerning a representative sample of students in a virtual learning environment within Syrian Virtual University – SVU (The students who are following Bachelor of Information Technology Diploma –BIT). Our main goal is to discover the main factors influencing students’ academic trajectory and students’ academic evolution within such environment.
Our results indicate strong correlation -in this virtual learning environment- between student average and some factors like: student’s English level (despite the fact that Arabic language is the teaching language), student’s age, student’s gender, student's over-stay and student’s place of residence (inside /outside Syria). Our results indicate also a need to modify the academic trajectory of students by changing the prerequisites of few courses delivered as a part of BIT diploma like dvanced DBA II, Data Security. In this research, the results also highlight the effect of the Syrian Crisis on students. Finally, we've suggested some future recommendations based on our observations and results to develop the current information
system in SVU in order to help us to deduce some indicators more easily.
Design and analysis of a Data base for ISE Graduate studentsVahid Nooraie
This database was designed to manage academic data for graduate students and faculty in the ISE department at North Carolina A&T State University. The database records personal information for students and faculty, tracks courses and student progress, and links students to committees, advisors, and financial aid awards. It allows administrators to easily update records, generate reports, and analyze data to support decision making. The database provides a more effective solution than using Excel by facilitating data entry and establishing relationships between tables.
The survey found that Florida Community College at Jacksonville was ranked number one for its adoption and use of digital technologies. It scored 100% across all categories assessed by the survey. The top 10 community colleges provided various digital services for students, with 39% allowing online admissions and registration and 30% providing secure online access to transcripts. 52% of the top colleges offered online training for faculty in technology skills. The number one ranked college, Florida Community College at Jacksonville, was praised for allowing students to do everything online, including paying fees and communicating with faculty.
Facilitating Transfer Decisions Through the Use of Web-Based ToolsWCET
This document discusses facilitating transfer decisions through the use of web-based tools. It finds that statewide collaboration, communication, and academic policies are essential for effective articulation and transfer systems. A survey of state web portals found that the most helpful tools allow students to check course equivalencies, see requirements for majors, and access transcripts. However, underlying these tools must be solid transfer policies and agreements between institutions.
The document provides guidelines for an oral defense of a thesis on an automated student record system at Surigao del Sur State University-Cagwait Campus. It includes instructions to highlight explanations in yellow and only present necessary parts of the thesis. It then summarizes in 1-2 sentences each chapter to be briefly explained, including the introduction, background of the study, statement of the problem, scope and limitations, objectives, and significance of the study. The chapters focus on designing a student record system using Microsoft Access to improve services and transactions by organizing student information and files in a secure automated process.
The document summarizes the E-Rate program, which provides discounts of 20-90% on telecommunications services for eligible schools and libraries. Administered by the FCC and USAC, the program aims to ensure affordable access to modern services. Eligible institutions apply annually for discounts on services like phone, internet access, and equipment. The document also summarizes an independent school district's technology plan, which outlines goals and objectives around teaching/learning, educator development, administration/support, and infrastructure based on Texas' technology recommendations.
The document summarizes the E-Rate program, which provides discounts of 20-90% on telecommunications services for eligible schools and libraries. Administered by the FCC and USAC, the program aims to ensure affordable access to modern services. Eligible institutions apply annually for discounts on services like phone, internet access, and equipment. The document also summarizes an independent school district's technology plan, which outlines goals and budgets to improve teaching/learning and educator development through technology integration according to state recommendations.
Kristine Keizer has over 20 years of experience in education, data collection, and administration. She currently works as a Data Collection Support Specialist and District Test Coordinator at Douglas Education Service District, where she provides support for data submission and state testing. Previously she held roles managing contracts, providing assessment support, and acting as a secretary. Keizer has extensive skills in Microsoft Office, database management systems, and communication. She maintains membership in several professional organizations.
Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, Vol. 27, No. 3, 2002
Assessing the Transfer Function:
benchmarking best practices from state
higher education agencies
JOHN F. WELSH, Of� ce of the University Provost, University of Louisville,
Kentucky, USA
ABSTRACT State higher education agencies in the US are in a propitious position to
improve the educational environment for students who transfer from one institution to
another within a state. This paper reports on the results of a nationwide survey on the
assessment of the transfer function by state higher education agencies. Using a
benchmarking methodology, the paper suggests some ‘best practices’ of state higher
education agencies in the organisation and use of transfer student information systems.
The paper has relevance for institutional personnel and public policy makers since the
number of transfer-oriented institutions and the number of transfer students are
increasing across the globe.
Background
State higher education boards and agencies in the US play an increasingly important role
in higher education, both through the � nancing of public higher education and as the
primary progenitors of public policy toward higher education. Although 47 of the 50
states in the US already had a state higher education agency by 1970, the impact of state
governments on higher education in the US escalated in importance since the mid-1980s
when national and state policy makers began to focus more attention on the quality,
accessibility, and accountability of higher education (Ewell, 1995; McGuinness, 1997;
Newman, 1987). Today, every state, and Puerto Rico, has a state higher education board
comprised of lay representatives and an agency comprised of professional staff.
As the primary conduit between state governments and public institutions, state higher
education agencies acquired authority and responsibility to collect and interpret infor-
mation on student and institutional performance to inform and guide state policy
processes. State higher education agencies are uniquely situated to understand and to
improve the environment for students for select higher education dynamics. Inter-institu-
ISSN 0260-2938 print; ISSN 1469-297 X online/02/030257-1 2 Ó 2002 Taylor & Francis Ltd
DOI: 10.1080/0260293022013861 5
258 J. F. Welsh
tional transfer and articulation is one such dynamic because state governments are able
to (1) establish multi-institutional databases and (2) develop and monitor policy pertain-
ing to inter-institutional phenomena (Rifkin, 2000). Recent research suggests that the
improvement of the transfer environment is an important policy goal for state higher
education agencies, surpassing such recurrent concerns as faculty salaries, the quality of
undergraduat e education and student � nancial aid as a state policy issue (Russell, 2000,
p. 4).
McMurtrie (2001) reports that the improvement of the transfer environment is an
international imperative since community, technical and.
The document provides an introduction to a study on developing an online system for St. James Academy in Malabon City, Philippines. It discusses the background of St. James Academy and describes the general and specific objectives of the proposed system. The system aims to help the school improve their process of viewing grades and help advertise the school online. It will include modules for enrollment requirements, school information, uploading files, viewing grades, and login for teachers and students. The study also states some problems with the current manual process that the new system hopes to address and the significance of the study.
This document discusses a study that examined the effectiveness of e-learning compared to traditional learning for teaching fractions to 5th grade students in Yemeni public primary schools. An experimental group of 30 students learned fractions using an e-learning approach while a control group of 30 students learned fractions through traditional methods. Results showed that the e-learning approach led to significantly higher achievement and gains in remembering, understanding, and applying fraction concepts compared to the traditional approach. The document provides background on e-learning and reasons for its increased use, including reducing geographical and financial barriers to education.
AN ENHANCED ELECTRONIC TRANSCRIPT SYSTEM (E-ETS)ijcsit
Transcript is an inventory system holding student academic record. This system has been implemented
conventional, electronically or implemented using web services approaches which have been devoid of
mobile computing approach and system classification rules. The proposed architecture provides an
assiduous pathway for the implementation of the aforementioned issues. This architecture has the
propensity for cutting down operational cost and hardcopy documentation while handling organizational
procedures and processes
Transcript is an inventory system holding student academic record. This system has been implemented conventional, electronically or implemented using web services approaches which have been devoid of mobile computing approach and system classification rules. The proposed architecture provides an assiduous pathway for the implementation of the aforementioned issues. This architecture has the propensity for cutting down operational cost and hardcopy documentation while handling organizational procedures and processes.
Similar to Speede express an-electronic_system_for_exchanging_student_records-1993-17pgs-gov-edu (20)
This document provides background on the historiography of Treblinka and outlines the key debates regarding whether it functioned as an extermination camp or a transit camp. According to official history, 700,000-3,000,000 Jews were gassed at Treblinka between 1942-1943. However, revisionist historians argue this narrative is untenable given a lack of documentation and the technical feasibility of mass gassings and cremations. The document examines different perspectives on Treblinka and sets up an analysis of the camp's likely function in later chapters.
The leuchter-reports-critical-edition-fred-leuchter-robert-faurisson-germar-r...RareBooksnRecords
This document contains the first of four technical reports authored by Fred Leuchter between 1988-1991 regarding the alleged homicidal gas chambers at Nazi camps. The First Leuchter Report provides an engineering analysis of the facilities at Auschwitz, Birkenau, and Majdanek and concludes there were no execution gas chambers at those locations based on forensic evidence. It is accompanied by introductions, critical remarks addressing the report's claims, and supporting documents. The subsequent Leuchter Reports examine other camps and critique a book supporting the gas chamber narrative. This edition aims to make the reports accessible again while addressing their claims through additional commentary.
The hoax-of-the-twentieth-century-the-case-against-the-presumed-extermination...RareBooksnRecords
This document provides an introduction and summary of Arthur R. Butz's book "The Hoax of the Twentieth Century". The book argues that the presumed extermination of European Jews during World War II has not been proven and may be a hoax. Butz, a professor of electrical engineering, conducted a detailed analysis of Holocaust claims and evidence. Over 500 pages, he examines testimony from war crimes trials, demographic data, and technical aspects of the alleged gas chambers. Butz concludes that no solid evidence exists to confirm Nazi plans to exterminate Jews, and questions key pillars of the Holocaust narrative. The book caused major controversy upon publication for challenging mainstream views on the Holocaust.
The giant-with-the-feets-of-clay-raul-hilberg-and-his-standard-work-on-the-ho...RareBooksnRecords
This document is a book review that critiques Raul Hilberg's seminal work "The Destruction of the European Jews". The review finds that while much of Hilberg's work rests on reliable sources, its title of "Destruction" is inaccurate and should have been "The Persecution of the European Jews". Additionally, the review notes inconsistencies in eyewitness testimony and a lack of documentation of an overarching Nazi policy of annihilation. The review aims to provide a reliable account of how the Holocaust allegedly occurred while also revealing the questionable evidence underlying the accepted narrative.
The gas-vans-ii-a-critical-investigation-santiago-alvarez-holocaust-handbooks...RareBooksnRecords
This document provides a summary of a book titled "The Gas Vans: A Critical Investigation" by Santiago Alvarez with contributions from Pierre Marais. The book examines claims that Nazis used mobile gas chambers mounted on trucks to murder victims. It scrutinizes all known wartime documents, photos, and witness statements on this topic from over 30 trials. The result of the research is described as "mind-boggling." The book asks whether witness statements are reliable, documents are genuine, the claimed vehicles could have operated as described, and where physical evidence of victims and vehicles might be. It aims to get to the truth of the gas van claims through a critical analysis of all available evidence and testimony.
The gas-vans-a-critical-investigation-by-santiago-alvarez-and-pierre-maraisRareBooksnRecords
This document provides an overview and summary of a book titled "The Gas Vans: A Critical Investigation" by Santiago Alvarez with contributions from Pierre Marais. The book examines claims that Nazis used mobile gas vans to exterminate victims during the Holocaust. It scrutinizes wartime documents, photos, witness statements from over 30 trials. The book asks whether evidence is reliable, documents genuine, and whether claimed operations could actually occur as described. It finds major issues with evidence that gas vans were used as mobile gas chambers to systematically murder people.
The extermination-camps-of-aktion-reinhardt-carlo-mattogno-thomas-kues-jurgen...RareBooksnRecords
This document provides an analysis and refutation of claims made by bloggers on the "Holocaust Controversies" blog regarding the "Aktion Reinhardt" camps - Bełzec, Sobibor and Treblinka. It is presented in two parts. Part one introduces the authors and their perspective, examines sources used by opponents to claim mass killings occurred at these camps, and outlines the propaganda origins of the "extermination camps" narrative. It questions official versions of events and Nazi policy. Part two will continue examining evidence for gas chambers and alleged mass killings through archeological evidence, witness testimony and evaluation of claims made by opponents. The authors aim to show flaws in arguments claiming mass killings took place.
The central-construction-office-of-the-waffen-ss-and-police-in-auschwitz-carl...RareBooksnRecords
The document outlines the reorganization of SS construction offices in June 1941, requiring them to be named "Central Construction Office of the Waffen-SS and Police [location]" and standardizing their organization and reporting structures, with the goal of providing continuous oversight of construction work across offices.
The bunkers-of-auschwitz-black-propaganda-versus-history-carlo-mattognoRareBooksnRecords
This document examines the alleged homicidal gas chambers known as the "Bunkers" at the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. It argues that the story of the Bunkers originated from wartime rumors within the camp that were later transformed into propaganda by resistance groups. Historians then uncritically accepted witness testimony as fact. A thorough examination of tens of thousands of documents from the Auschwitz construction office finds no evidence that the Bunkers ever existed, contradicting their portrayal in historical accounts. The document aims to fill gaps in the official historiography by analyzing archival documents, construction reports, maps, and logistical considerations regarding the alleged Bunkers.
Special treatment-in-auschwitz-origin-and-meaning-of-a-term-carlo-mattognoRareBooksnRecords
This document provides an introduction and background to the study of the term "special treatment" as it was used in documents related to the Auschwitz concentration camp. It discusses how the term has traditionally been interpreted by historians as being a code word referring to the killing of inmates. However, the author argues that the term had a variety of meanings depending on the context, and was not always a reference to killing. The document outlines how the author will analyze original documents to understand the actual meaning of "special treatment" and related terms, rather than relying on predetermined assumptions. It aims to show that "special treatment" was a normal bureaucratic concept rather than a code word for murder.
This document provides a summary of a book that critically analyzes claims about the Sobibor camp. It questions the mainstream historiography of Sobibor and argues that evidence does not support the claim that it was an extermination camp where 170,000-250,000 Jews were gassed and buried in mass graves. The book examines eyewitness testimony, documents, archeological evidence, and material evidence like fuel requirements for mass cremations. It concludes that Sobibor was likely a transit camp where Jews were temporarily housed before being deported east, challenging the notion that it was a site of industrialized mass murder.
This document is a book that presents lectures on controversial issues related to the Holocaust. It aims to introduce readers to Holocaust revisionist arguments and counterarguments in an accessible dialogue format. Over 500 pages, it examines topics such as Holocaust propaganda, missing Jews, survivor testimonies, documentary evidence from camps like Auschwitz, and censorship of revisionist ideas. The editor's preface discusses why Holocaust revisionism remains an important subject that powerful groups seek to suppress.
The document discusses Jewish emigration from Germany in the 1930s. It makes three key points:
1) Jewish emigration was welcomed and supported by German authorities as a way to remove Jews from Germany, partly in response to declarations of war against Germany by Zionist groups.
2) Emigration occurred through a lawful, regulated process with cooperation between German and Jewish authorities, not as a clandestine flight as sometimes portrayed. Jews received help and advice from both sides.
3) Many German Jews originally felt integrated into German culture and society. Jewish organizations had a variety of political stances, but some, like the Union of National German Jews, strongly identified as Germans rather than seeing themselves as a separate ethnic group
This document is Germar Rudolf's address to the Mannheim District Court from November 15, 2006 to January 29, 2007. It discusses Rudolf's peaceful resistance against what he sees as an unjust prosecution for his scientific work questioning aspects of the Holocaust narrative. The document covers scientific, judicial, and legal considerations and argues that resistance against an oppressive state is obligatory. It includes appendices with expert assessments supporting Rudolf's work, documentation of the court proceedings, and illustrations.
This document provides an overview of the historiography surrounding Stutthof concentration camp. It summarizes that Polish historians claim Stutthof became a makeshift extermination camp in 1944, gassing many Jewish inmates. However, some Western historians who acknowledge the Holocaust make no claim of extermination at Stutthof. The document aims to investigate the claims of gassing and function of Stutthof through analysis of original documents from Polish and other archives.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the concentration camp at Majdanek in Poland. It discusses how Majdanek has been portrayed in official Western historiography, Polish historiography, and revisionist literature. Official Western sources claim Majdanek served as both a labor and extermination camp, where Jews were gassed upon arrival if deemed unfit for work. However, Western historiography has largely neglected detailed study of Majdanek. Polish sources also claim mass murder occurred at Majdanek through gassing and other means. Revisionist literature disputes claims of mass extermination and argues the camp functioned primarily as a labor camp. The document aims to provide an objective, evidence-based study of Majdanek through analysis
The document discusses the origins and development of claims about the methods of murder allegedly used at the Belzec extermination camp. It notes that early accounts described fantastical methods like toxic fluids, mobile gas chambers, steam chambers, and vacuum chambers. Over time, the stories evolved to describe diesel gas chambers. The number of alleged victims also increased dramatically over time, from 600,000 to up to 3 million. Witness accounts of other camps like Sobibor and Treblinka also described implausible methods using chlorine gas, sliding floors, and outdoor furnaces. This narrative evolution reveals the unreliable nature of the sources and suggests the need for a critical analysis of how the historical understanding of Belzec developed.
Mainstream historians claim that the very first gassing of human beings at Auschwitz occurred on September 3, 1941 in the basement of Block 11. However, Carlo Mattogno's analysis of sources finds the accounts of this event to be contradictory and confusing regarding key details like the date, victims, and method. Mattogno argues there is no clear historical evidence that it took place as described.
This document provides an analysis and critique of two previous works on the gas chambers and crematoria at Auschwitz: Jean-Claude Pressac's "Criminal Traces" and Robert Jan van Pelt's "Convergence of Evidence". The author Carlo Mattogno examines Pressac and van Pelt's arguments and evidence regarding the alleged homicidal gas chambers and cremation of bodies at Auschwitz. Mattogno analyzes technical documents and plans related to the crematoria and questions Pressac and van Pelt's interpretations. The document is divided into two volumes, with the first volume focusing on Pressac's "Criminal Traces" and the second planned to analyze witness testimonies
This document provides an introduction and summary of the book "Auschwitz: Plain Facts" which aims to critique the works of Jean-Claude Pressac on the Auschwitz concentration camp. It summarizes that Pressac attempted to refute Holocaust revisionists using technical documents but failed to do so as he violated scientific principles by making claims he could not prove and contradicted facts. The book aims to rebut Pressac's works through a detailed critique by leading revisionist scholars and argues Pressac revealed a technical incompetence such that his works belong in the category of novels rather than history. It positions the book as a must-read for those wanting to argue against the lies and half-truths of established Holocaust historiography
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
1. I • V L V
.
.
.
.
.
SPEEDE/
ExPRESS
An Electronic
System for
Exchanging
Student
Records
Council of Chief State
School Officers
American Association
of Collegiate Registrars
and Admissions Officers
National Center for
Education Statistics
U.S. Department
of Education
t
SPEEDS=xPR=SS
2. V
NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS
U.S. Department of Education
Richard W. Riley
Secretary
Office of Educational Research and Improvement
Emerson J. Elliott
Acting Assistant Secretary
National Center for Education Statistics
Emerson J. Elliott
Commissioner
March 1993
Contract funded by the
National Center for Education Statistics
3. ransferring information about students is a commonplace event for schools
and colleges, both public and private .
•
When a student moves from one school to another, information about the student's back-
ground, coursework, and attendance is generally compiled in a student record, or transcript,
and sent to the receiving school so that appropriate educational decisions can be made about
the student.
•
When a student completes high school, the student's transcript may be sent to a postsec-
ondary institution or employer.
k
T
0 D U C T 1
0
∎ A student who transfers from one
postsecondary institution to another has a transcript sent so that he or she may obtain credit for
coursework completed or qualify to work on another academic degree .
•
Once a student has completed a postsecondary degree, a transcript may be sent to a
proposed employer .
The ease with which the records are understood and transferred often depends upon the
design of the student record format (for example, the extent to which the format is
automated/computerized, and how much information is maintained), the efficiency of the delivery
system (e.g ., mail, fax, telecommunications), and the way the information is handled by the
receiving school or employer.
In 1989, building on projects completed in Florida and Texas, work began on the develop-
ment of a national (eventually, an international) standard for exchanging student records more
efficiently. This system would tap into the sophisticated automation of many education agen-
cies and institutions .
The Standardization of Postsecondary Education Electronic Data Exchange
(SPEEDE)/Exchange of Permanent Records Electronically for Students and Schools (ExPRESS)
Electronic Transcript System is intended to assist school districts (grades prekindergarten
through 12) and postsecondary educational institutions in the U.S . and Canada in the process of
transmitting student academic records (transcripts) from one educational institution or agency to
another educational institution, agency, corporation, or other appropriate recipient . One of the
principal goals of the SPEEDE/ExPRESS project is to encourage increased compatibility in state,
local and institutional education information systems by providing a very practical tool that will
serve the needs of schools and students .
This document provides a general introduction to the SPEEDE/ExPRESS format and the plans
for making this a widely used system for exchanging standard student records . The next section
describes the development of the format and system . Following that section is a description of
its content and a discussion of electronic means of exchanging records, including sections on
security and confidentiality. The last few sections deal with the implementation of the electronic
student records system and future activities .
4. DEVELOPMENT OF
THE SPEEDE/ExPRESS
ELECTRONIC TRANSCRi
SYSTEM The SPEEDE/ExPRESS Electronic
Transcript System consists of two components:
1) formats for the standard transcript and related
processes to request and acknowledge receipt of
a transcript, and 2) the electronic means for trans-
mitting the transcript . The development of each of
these is described below .
The Standard Transcript
and Other Related Formats .
The development of the SPEEDE/
ExPRESS Electronic Transcript formats repre-
sents the efforts of several groups . The
American Association of Collegiate Registrars
and Admissions Officers (AACRAO) with
assistance from the National Center for
Education Statistics (NOES) of the U .S.
Department of Education
sponsored the Committee
on Standardization of
Postsecondary Education
Electronic Data Exchange
(SPEEDE), which partici-
pated in the development
of the standard formats
and is responsible for the
application of the
SPEEDE/ExPRESS for-
mats to postsecondary
student transcripts.
AACRAO membership
includes over 2,300
member institutions pri-
marily in the U .S. and
Canada. These postsec-
ondary institutions are
implementing the process
of transmitting the student
academic record in this standard format over elec-
tronic networks.
NOES and the Council of Chief State School
Officers (CCSSO) led the efforts to make the
SPEEDE/ExPRESS formats applicable for
prekindergarten through Grade 12 student
records . The Exchange of Permanent Records
Electronically for Students and Schools (ExPRESS)
Jensen High School
Format
task force consisted of representatives of state ai
local education agencies in five states . The task
force worked to ensure that the format included
key information for prekindergarten/elementary/
secondary students and to make the system
appropriate for schools, school districts, and stag
education agencies .
The SPEEDE/ExPRESS formats were devel-
oped according to the guidelines of the Americar
National Standards Institute's (ANSI) Accredited
TRANSLATION SOFTWAR
C.. a 0 • • 0 00000
(SPEEDE/ExPRESS Forma
Standards Committee (ASC X12). The ASC
X 12 approves standards for the electronic
transmission of standard
documents (called transa(
tion sets). The format for
the Student Educational
Record (Transcript)
Transaction Set (130) was
approved by the ASC X12
in February 1992 . Format;
for the Student Educationa
Record (Transcript)
Acknowledgment
Transaction Set (131), the
Request for Student
Educational Record
(Transcript) Transaction SE
(146), and the Response ti
Request for Student
Educational Record
(Transcript) Transaction Si
(147) were approved in
September 1992. Each of
these formats is described in more detail in the
next section .
A major benefit of the SPEEDE/ExPRESS for-
mats is that districts and institutions using the star
dard formats to send and receive student records
will be better able to interpret information from
other agencies and institutions . Software can be
written or purchased to translate information aboL
a student from a school district or institution's
existing student record system into the standard
format for sending the data. Similarly, software
can be used for translating data received about a
student into the receiving school district or institu-
tion's format for incorporation into their student
record system.
5. Student records are exchanged using com-
puter-to-computer transmission, diskettes, or mag-
netic tapes. This process decreases the time
needed to send and receive student information . If
data are incorporated directly into the receiving
district or institution's system, there will be fewer
errors than if the data were rekeyed . The
SPEEDE/ExPRESS format can also be used to sup-
port other uses
of student data,
such as creating
reports.
The Electronic Means for
Transmitting the Student
Transcript.
One goal of the project is to use available
technology to efficiently send student records from
one site to another. Various electronic means for
this exist. Most school districts and institutions
already use magnetic tape or computer diskette to
send groups of student records that are all going
to the same place . The receiving agency or institu-
tion can enter the data into its computer system
without having to rekey the information, thus pro-
moting efficiency and accuracy .
There are numerous electronic networks avail-
able for exchanging information through communi-
cations software . Many school districts and
postsecondary institutions already have accounts
on these networks, which can be used to
exchange student records . There are also state
networks that have been developed to facilitate the
exchange of information within the state .
All of these mechanisms can be used to
exchange student records efficiently . The selec-
tion of a single mode of transmission is unlikely.
The development of a system of recommended
modes for sending transcripts will be ongoing,
taking into consideration both nearby institutions or
districts with whom transcripts are frequently
TRANSLATION SOFTWARE
(Institution's Format)
exchanged as well as institutions or
districts in other states or countries .
In addition, issues of cost and ease
of use will be con-
sidered. The main-
tenance of a
participant table
(with names, net-
work addresses,
and other relevant
information) will be
an essential part of
making the system
function well and
expand .
Cairn Community
College Format
6. CONTENT OF
THE STANDARD
FORMATS Four standard formats (called
transaction sets for electronic data interchange-
EDI) have been developed: Student Educational
Record (Transcript)-Transaction Set 130 ; Student
Educational Record (Transcript) Acknowledgment-
Transaction Set 131 ; Request for Student
Educational Record (Transcript)-Transaction Set
146; and Response to Request for Student
Educational Record (Transcript)-Transaction Set
147 . In addition, another ASC X12 transaction set,
the Functional Acknowledgment, Transaction Set
997, may be used .
Student Educational
Record (Transcript) -
Transaction Set 130.
This transaction set can be used by schools,
school districts, and postsecondary institutions to
transmit current and historical records of educa-
tional accomplishments and other important infor-
mation for students enrolled at the sending schools
and institutions . This record contains the informa-
tion needed to make appropriate initial educa-
tional placements for students in prekindergarten
through Grade 12. For postsecondary institutions,
the record includes information needed for deter-
mining if a student will be accepted for enrollment
and for placing the student in appropriate courses
and educational programs at the receiving institu-
tion. Because the data are used for making impor-
tant educational decisions, it is crucial that the
information be available on a timely basis .
The student transcript contains personal history
and identifying information about the student, the
current academic status, dates of attendance,
courses completed with grades earned, degrees
and diplomas awarded, health information (usually
used only by prekindergarten through Grade 12)
and testing information . Data elements (items of
information) for each of these areas are grouped
into data segments (sets of related data elements)
which are equivalent to "records" in a paper
document .
While many of the data segments are optional,
there are some data segments that are required for
EDI transmission . And within data segments there
are mandatory and optional data elements . Other
than the segments required for EDI transmission,
the only data segments that are mandatory provide
key identification information required for deter-
mining whose record is being sent . Most of the
data segments (and within them the data ele-
ments) are optional .
Schools, districts, and postsecondary institu-
tions are encouraged to include any data they
have that fit into the standard format and that they
believe will be useful to the receiving district or
institution. In cases where there are state or local
laws or regulations that restrict the transmission of
certain data elements, the sending entity may
simply elect not to send the restricted data seg-
ments or data elements .
Most of the information in the transcript format
is set up in "loops ." Loops are sets of segments
that provide multiple instances of related informa-
tion. For instance, there is a test loop that provides
for each national, regional, or local test a student
has taken, information about the name of the test,
when the test was taken, level of the test and stu-
dent, date and type of norms, test language, and
scores. If more than one test is being reported, the
test loop would be repeated . Loops are used to
send personal informa-
tion about the student
and family, student
academic status and
enrollment, health, spe-
cial program participa-
tion, coursework,
degrees and other aca-
demic summary infor-
mation .
7. Student Educational
Record (Transcript)
Acknowledgment -
Transaction Set 131 .
This transaction set serves both a security and
information purpose . In returning certain key data
elements to the known address of the sender, it
ensures that the data originated with the sender of
record and that they were received intact .
Most of the data segments in this transaction
set are mandatory . Included are segments con-
taining information about the sending institution,
the student's name, the student's identification
number, number of course segments sent, and
academic summary information .
Request for Student
Educational Record
(Transcript) - Transaction
Set 146.
This transaction set is used to request a stu-
dent's record from a school, district, or institution
that the student previously attended . Included are
data segments containing information needed to
ensure that the appropriate student's record is
sent, such as student's and parents' names, pre-
vious address, identification numbers, demo-
graphic information, and dates of enrollment .
Response to Request
for Student Educational
Record (Transcript) -
Transaction Set 147.
This transaction set is used to respond to a
Request for Student Educational Record if the
school, district, or institution to which the request
was made is unable to respond immediately with a
student transcript. It can also be used to tell the
requesting district or institution when the transcript
will be sent or why it will not be sent . Included are
segments repeating information about the student
whose record was requested, a request rejection
reason code, and information about paper docu-
ments which may need to be sent in place of an
electronic transcript .
FORMAT
EXAMPLES The transaction set formats
describe the order in which data should be listed
and codes that can be used to shorten or summa-
rize more lengthy information . Flexibility is pro-
vided for instances when data are not maintained
in a student record system in a way that fits with
the standard format. The extent to which the
codes can be used, however, promotes inter-
pretability and decreases the size of the electronic
transcript.
As described above, information about the stu-
dent is translated into standard data segment for-
mats. Each data segment has several
components . The Data Segment Identifier is an
abbreviation identifying the type of information
included in the segment . It is a unique two- or
three-letter identifier (for example, "IMM" repre-
sents the data segment for "immunization" ) . Each
data segment contains Data Element Separators-
characters that the computer uses to identify when
it has encountered a new data element. This can
be any character that will not be used as valid data
in the transaction set (such as a "*"). Each data
element has a Data Element Reference
Designator (a unique reference number assigned
d
8. to it within the segment) and a Data Dictionary
Reference Number (a unique number assigned to
the data element and maintained by ASC X12) . In
addition, each data element has a Data Element
Title (such as Immunization Type Code),
Requirement Designator (mandatory, conditional,
or optional),Data Element Type (for example,
alpha, alphanumeric, date, or ID code), and a Data
Element Length (minimum and maximum size
assigned). All are shown below .
Data
Data
Datay
SsEment Element EIMnant~.
ID
Soparator
Dilljiato
ST
Data
Immunization
Immunization
Element
Type
Year
SPEEDE/
ExPRESS
Record
STO1 143--
V04.02
1971
Information about every data segment and data
element is specified in the publication, "A Guide to
the Implementation of the SPEEDE/ExPRESS
Electronic Transcript ." In addition, code lists for
data elements are included where appropriate .
Above is an example of a data segment and its
data elements. The IMM segment contains infor-
mation about immunizations received by the stu-
dent. Included are data elements containing the
immunization type, date, and status .
EDI
;f
I F
Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI) is the exchange of routine busi-
ness transactions in a computerized format. For
years, businesses have used EDI for inquiries,
planning, purchasing, acknowledgment, pricing .
order status, scheduling, test results, shipping and
receiving, invoices, payments, and financial
ST02 329
Transaction Set
N/L
I
Control Number
Immunization
Immunization
Status
Month
Day
04
15
01
reporting, all of which were traditionally done using
paper forms . The widespread use of computers
and the introduction of techniques for computer
telecommunications provided the means for
improving the transmission and processing of busi-
ness data. The ASC X12 represents a cooperative
effort to develop EDI standards that are industry
wide . In developing the ASC X12 series of
American National Standards, the ASC X12 seeks
to minimize the necessity for users to reprogram
their internal data processing systems in order to
be able to exchange data . Standards are struc-
tured so that computer programs can translate
data from internal to external formats and vice
versa.
9. It is estimated that 10,000 organizations in
industries such as banking, shipping, and manu-
facturing, use EDI standards and enjoy many of
the following benefits of EDI :
•
Reduction of paperwork and associated
savings:
•
One-time data entry ;
•
Reduced errors, improved
error detection ;
•
On-line data storage ;
•
Reduced clerical workload
and phone chatter;
•
Higher productivity without
increasing staff ;
•
More timely communications :
•
Rapid exchange of data;
•
Elimination of mail charges, courier services .
School districts and postsecondary institutions
that use the SPEEDE/ExPRESS electronic tran-
script can similarly benefit. At the elementary/sec-
ondary level, use of EDI means that information
crucial for placing students into appropriate edu-
cational environments can be obtained quickly and
in an easily interpreted format . It means that tran-
scripts can be sent to postsecondary institutions
more efficiently. For postsecondary institutions,
receipt of transcripts sent using EDI is more effi-
cient and easier to incorporate into existing sys-
tems. Transmission of student records can be
handled with minimal cost .
SECURITY OF AN
ELECTRONIC TRANSCRIPT
SYSTEM Policies and procedures guarantee-
ing the security of an electronic transcript system
are important to both sending and receiving agen-
cies and institutions, as well as to the students and
their families. These systems can be far more
secure than the present paper systems if they are
implemented correctly .
Security breaches and infractions are most
often the result of actions or inactions by "insiders"
rather than by strangers or outsiders with criminal
intent. Registrars and data processing personnel
should be diligent and alert to the possibilities and
urge everyone to practice good internal security
measures, whether for paper or electronic tran-
scripts. These systems can be far more secure
than the present paper systems if implemented
correctly.
To address some of the security needs of such
a system, a format was developed for acknowledg-
ment of receipt of a student transcript (Transaction
Set 131). This acknowledgment includes some
significant items from the transmitted transcript
and is sent back to the address of the sending
school, school district, or postsecondary institution .
The sending _institution can check to see if the
appropriate data were received. When an
acknowledgment is received for a transcript not
sent, or if the data received as verification are not
correct, the sending institution is alerted by the
computer acknowledgment to check on the trans-
mission .
Other procedures can be used to ensure the
security of the system. Maintaining logs of all tran-
scripts sent and received, sending and checking
acknowledgments, and following up on discrepan-
cies all contribute to the security of such a system .
ir
10. CONFIDENTIALITY OF
ELECTRONIC STUDENT
RECORDS The Federal Family Educational
Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 dictates the con-
tent, use of, and access to student record informa-
tion. The student record includes all materials
maintained by a school district or institution about
the student with the intent to aid in the educational
process. Natural parents, legal guardians, and
students (age 18 or older) have certain rights con-
cerning the contents and release of the student
record .
This law gives school or institution personnel
who have a legitimate educational interest access
to educational records upon receipt of an official
request from a school district or institution without
parent notification or parent authorization . These
records can be transferred to another public or pri-
vate school district or institution in which the stu-
dent is to be enrolled without parental or student
consent, but the parent or student is supposed to
be notified that the record has been transferred .
Local and state policies may dictate what portions
of the student record may be sent to other agen-
cies or institutions. Student record information
other than basic directory information (name,
address, phone number), cannot be disclosed to
non-school agencies and individuals without
parental or student consent.
Because the law does not address the com-
plexities of this new EDI technology, sending stu-
dent records via EDI may require legal opinions at
the state or local level . SPEEDE/ExPRESS pro-
vides a standard format for sending student data
likely to be found on a permanent record or tran-
script. State or local laws and regulations should
govern which data elements an institution can
transmit .
IMPLEMENTATION OF
THE SPEEDE/ExPRESS
FORMAT A series of events must occur before
a school district or institution is prepared to
participate in electronic exchange of data about
students .
To Send:
I .Student data must be maintained in an "on-line"
database in a computer. Information about the
student, courses taken, and other relevant data
should be kept in a longitudinal computer file, or a
series of files, with agreement on data structures,
codes, and methods of combining and using the
files .
2.Programs must be in place to extract the tran-
script data from the computer files and produce an
official printed transcript or record . This program
can then be modified to produce a properly coded
electronic file that can be converted to the agreed
upon electronic (SPEEDE/ExPRESS) format.
3.An on-line transcript order system should be in
place, allowing entry of identifying (student ID) and
control (copies, destination, and parameters-
such as instructions to include classes from the
current semester or school year) information . This
system should allow entry of destination codes for
transcripts to be delivered using electronic media .
4.The sending institution or district must have the
ability to map information in its system to codes
which are defined in the SPEEDE/ExPRESS format .
Transmission of codes allows faster and more effi-
cient processing by the receiving institution or
district.
5.The SPEEDE/ExPRESS format will differ from the
printed transcript in several ways . Some data ele-
ments included on a printed transcript (such as
student activities and club participation) might
possibly be omitted from the electronic transcript .
Other items sent as text in print (institution names,
for instance) may be sent as codes . The order of
data segments will definitely be altered, and the
11. sequence forced to meet a rigid standard in order
to guarantee an accurate interpretation by the
recipient . Additional information might be provid-
ed to improve processing by the recipient (for
example, a Classification of Instructional Programs
(CIP) code or a code denoting content or level of a
particular course). Programs will be needed to
convert the electronic version of the official tran-
script to meet all of these requirements . Adoption
of the X12 standards does impose additional
requirements, such as data compressions and
insertion of delimiters . The medium used may
impose additional requirements, such as chopping
the document into fixed segments (80 characters,
perhaps), counting segments and characters sent,
and/or adding control information about the send-
ing and receiving institutions or districts .
6.The electronic SPEEDE/ExPRESS transaction set
(transcript or student record) must be either
copied to a fixed electronic medium (diskette or
tape) or transmitted via a network . The latter
requires that a computer at the sending institution
have the capability to connect via telephone,
cable, or other means to the network or other com-
puters . This connection must ensure the authentic-
ity of the student data, at high transmission
speeds, and with less direct involvement of
registrar/admissions staff or other student records
personnel . However, if secure upload/download
activity is supported, PC's provide fairly simple
techniques, with very low initial expense, and allow
more direct interaction by registrars and other
school personnel-very advantageous for testing
and for tracking transactions. Dedicated tele-
phone lines are desirable . One or both of these
communications capabilities must exist, unless the
institution wishes to always restrict transmissions to
tape or diskette .
7-The institution needs to enter into agreement
with individual institutions or an umbrella organiza-
tion representing a group of institutions, with com-
mitments to certain practices, procedures, and
standards . CCSSO and AACRAO will assist in the
creation and oversight of some agreements .
School districts will benefit from statewide adoption
of the format and the involvement and assistance
of the state education agency.
8.Budget dollars must be allocated to cover costs
of initial entry into a network, annual fees, adminis-
trative network fees, and actual transmission costs .
Long distance costs may or may not be included .
To Receive:
I .The receiving institution or district must have the
ability to receive the electronic SPEEDE/ExPRESS
transaction set (transcript or student record) that
has been copied to a fixed electronic medium
(diskette or tape) or transmitted via a network .
2.The institution or district needs to have a signed
agreement with individual institutions or an umbrel-
la organization representing a group of institutions,
indicating they can receive student records, using
certain practices, procedures, and standards .
3.It would be advisable to have in place some sort
of database system for all students, or for appli-
cants, allowing selective data elements from tran-
scripts to be captured and stored and an acknowl-
edgement sent for each transcript received .
4.Programs to match documents received elec-
tronically with records on this database, and then
to create or update records with the transcript
data, would be necessary to fully utilize the data in
electronic form . However, this is not absolutely
required .
S.Whether or not the data are processed electroni-
cally, the ability to print an institutionally accept-
able subset of the information received in the elec-
tronic transcript will almost surely be needed . It
may not be routinely and automatically invoked for
every document, but will be needed for scholar-
ship review, parallel testing of transmissions, and
possible document archival procedures .
12. eras-should be in place to allow
etermination of exactly which transcripts have
been received, for which students, from which
institutions, and on which dates . In addition, the
system must also know which transcripts to expect
and acknowledge receipt of the transcripts .
7.Data structures ought to be in place to allow
semi-permanent storage of the electronic transcript
packet, allowing later processing, printing, or error
recovery.
8.Budget dollars must be allocated to cover costs
for a network, annual fees, administrative network
fees, actual transmission costs, and long distance
costs. One or more of these communications
capabilities must exist, unless the institution wishes
always to restrict transmissions to tape or diskette .
Since the electronic transmission of transcripts
takes the place of mailing a paper transcript, steps
in the paper process must have counterparts in the
electronic scheme. In both cases, the action is ini-
tiated by either a request from a student, a parent,
or some other entity that has prior approval (per-
haps as a convention adopted by a state) . In any
case, there should be a timetable for transmission
that is routinely followed. It could be (a) immedi-
ate, (b) next day, (c) two days after the completion
of grade processing or degree posting, (d)
Tuesdays and Fridays, or some other regular time .
Generally the transcript data should be extracted
from the student database on the date the tran-
script is to be transmitted (or perhaps the night
before), and the date stamp on the electronic
record should then closely approximate the effec-
tive date of the information in the transcript .
A participant should be prepared to inform the
requestor of the date the transcript will be transmit-
ted. If the requestor calls to check on the status of
the request, the sending entity should always be
able to provide the expected transmission date . If
sufficient acknowledgment procedures are in
place, whether provided automatically by the par-
ticular transmission network or, by agreement, pro-
vided by the recipient, then the sending entity
should be prepared to release that information
as well .
There is some overhead, both in staff time and
expense, in connecting to a value-added commer-
cial network to send or receive transcripts.
However, considering that transmission replaces
the postal system, several days are gained on
each end as there is no need to prepare and deliv-
er the paper document, nor to sort, open and
process the received document . If value-added
networks are used to transmit transcripts, expens-
es can be reduced by sending transcripts at night
when the rates are lower or on a periodic basis .
During the times when daily volume of transcripts
to be sent is relatively high and at those critical
periods after grade processing and before admis-
sion deadlines, transcripts could be sent more
frequently.
Electronic transmission is not necessarily
required. If two schools are in close proximity or
have a very large volume of data to exchange, it
may be more appropriate and economical to deliv-
er transcripts in the SPEEDE/ExPRESS format on
other electronic storage media, such as tape or
diskette. Again, delivery schedules should be
known or available to both institutions and
students.
Testing to See if You
Are Ready to Send Records .
To test that you are ready to send transcripts in
the SPEEDE/ExPRESS format, you may send to
another participating district or institution tran-
scripts that are (a) test data entirely, (b) real data
sent in test mode to debug related programs or try
out network connections, or (c) real data sent in
production mode, but in parallel with an official
paper document . Real data should not be sent in
official production mode until you are confident
that your programs and procedures are fully
tested.
When testing, it is good practice for a new
member of the electronic transmission process to
enter into a testing relationship with a small num-
13. ber of neighboring or participating institutions or
districts. Transmission could be restricted to this
group until all parties are comfortable with the
results.
Testing will be facilitated by maintenance at an
institution or district or a central testing site of a
small group of electronic test records that use all of
the allowable features of the format . Parallel paper
copies will be mailed to testing parties and a
schedule set up for repeated transmission of these
test packets until they are satisfactorily received .
Acknowledgment of receipt of a document will
be required of the recipient. This is even more
beneficial when in test mode, and instructions
regarding this expectation should be accessible
electronically from the network administrator, when
the system is fully functional.
A central database of postsecondary institu-
tions, schools, school districts, and state education
agencies participating in the system will be main-
tained and made available by CCSSO and
AACRAO for operational and security purposes . It
will include a valid identifier for the entity, its
address on the network(s), a contact person, the
sending and receiving status, and the version of
the transaction set(s) in use . This information must
be kept current at each institution or district .
1°
A&
A
Electronic Communication .
Transmission of student records using elec-
tronic means can be done via direct computer to
computer communications with other participating
institutions or districts or through a value-added
network, run by the state or other educational entity
or by a third party . Direct computer-to-computer
communications with another institution or district
requires that both (1) use similar communication
protocols (line timing, line speed, error detection,
retransmission procedures, and message control),
(2) support the same transmission speed, (3) have
dial-up lines available at the same time or leased
lines, and (4) have compatible hardware .
For most participants, the use of third-party
networks may be more appropriate . Electronic
mailboxing permits participants to send transaction
sets to another's mailbox for storage . When the
other participant is ready, it will retrieve the
transaction sets without concern as to the other
participant's transmission models, protocols, and
transmission speeds, which are handled by the
third-party service. This enables users to establish
trading partnerships with many participants with
varied computer equipment and only requires
compatible telecommunications equipment with a
third-party service.
Selection of a third-party service may be effect-
ed by the participant or in collaboration with the
system administrator. The selection process
should take into account ease of use, gateway
capabilities with other networks, stability of the net-
work, security, and long-term commitment to fur-
ther development and acceptance of industry ED]
standards.
a
•
• • >~'
14. mplementation Guidelines.
The SPEEDE and ExPRESS task forces devel-
oped guidelines for the implementation of the
SPEEDE/ExPRESS Electronic Transcript. These
guidelines include general information, specific
standards for the four transaction sets, and appen-
dices, one of which includes many of the coding
lists used by the SPEEDE/ExPRESS format . This
Implementation Guide contains the information
needed to translate data from one student record
system into the standard X12 formats.
The Implementation Guide is maintained by the
SPEEDE/ExPRESS administrator - the Council of
Chief State School Officers - with the assistance
of AACRAO, the SPEEDE subcommittee and
ExPRESS task force members . Changes to the for-
mat may be implemented as more entities use the
electronic transcript . A process has been estab-
lished to enable users to make suggestions that
will be considered and submitted to the appropri-
ate X12 subcommittee, if necessary . Changes to
the Implementation Guide will be incorporated on
an annual basis, and revised pages will be sent to
users of record. of the Implementation Guide . This
process is described in more detail in the
Implementation Guide. Information about obtain-
ing the Implementation Guide is included in
attachment A .
System Administration .
Although the SPEEDE/ExPRESS Electronic
Transcript System is still in a developmental stage,
the formats have been approved and are being
used for sending student records in some locales .
The development of national and international
delivery systems will require the consideration of
many issues regarding networks, security, expan-
sion, and support . Under contract to the National
Center for Education Statistics, the Council of Chief
State School Officers and its subcontractor, the
American Association of Collegiate Registrars and
Admissions Officers, support the development of
the system and plan for the long- term provision of
services. A governing board has been established
to guide the CCSSO in its work . This governing
board includes representatives of groups with a
vested interest in the provision of education ser-
vices to students . The following organizations are
participating as members of the CCSSO Governing
Board :
American Association for Counseling and
Development
American Association of School Administrators
American Association of Collegiate Registrars
and Admissions Officers
American Council on Education
American Federation of Teachers
Council for American Private Education
Council of Chief State School Officers
Council of Great City Schools
National Alliance for Business
National Alliance of Black School Educators
National Association of Elementary School
Principals
National Association of Secondary School
Principals
National Association of State Boards of Education
National Center for Education Statistics
National Coalition of Advocates for Students
National Conference of State Legislatures
National Education Goals Panel
National Governors' Association
National School Boards Association
National Parent Teachers Association
State Higher Education Executive Officers
15. AACRAO has a standing committee appointed
)y the AACRAO Executive Director to oversee the
)ostsecondary portion of this project . Each group
vill address administrative and technical require-
ments and make recommendations for changes on
)ehalf of its respective users for consideration by
he other group and for submission to ASC X12 .
The system will continue to receive technical
support and guidance from the SPEEDE committee
.nd the ExPRESS task force. Current members of
he SPEEDE committee and the ExPRESS task
crce are included in attachment B.
Barbara Clements, Director of the Education
)ata System Implementation Project at the Council
)f Chief State School Officers, has responsibility for
ne overall management of the SPEEDE/ExPRESS
_lectronic Transcript System . Jerry Malitz,
_lementary/Secondary Statistics Division, National
;enter for Education Statistics, Washington DC,
erves as Project Officer .
EXAMPLES OF THE
SYSTEM IN OPERATION Many post-
econdary institutions have been receiving mag-
etic tapes from high schools or school districts for
juite some time . These tapes contain magnetic
epresentations of high school transcripts or
ssential data from the student records to be used
)y the postsecondary institution in making admis-
ion and/or placement decisions . One example of
His, underway for almost a decade, is the tape
?xchange from the Austin Independent School
)istrict in Austin, Texas to the University of Texas
:t Austin . Recently, these two entities have adopt-
d the use of the SPEEDE/ExPRESS format for
tandardizing how data are submitted and
eceived . Contacts with other institutions of higher
ducation and school districts in the Austin, Texas
rea have been initiated to promote the use of the
tandard format and to establish logical trading
artnerships. The Alliance of Higher Education of
!orth Texas has supported the longstanding and
ioneering efforts to exchange college transcripts
ver a state network. Through this group, other
istitutions and districts are becoming involved .
he Texas Education Agency (Texas' state depart-
sent of education) is looking at developing a
tatewide network and standard for exchanging
'udent records using the SPEEDE/ExPRESS format.
The state of Florida has provided an electronic
network at no cost to public school districts and
public postsecondary institutions for the transmis-
sion of any educational data. Although this net-
work, the Florida Information Resource Network or
FIRN, was initially created to send data from public
postsecondary institutions and school districts to
state agencies in the state capitol, FIRN is now
being used to exchange high school and postsec-
ondary transcripts using formats internal to Florida .
As of September 15, 1992, 22 of the 37 public
postsecondary institutions and 21 of the 67 public
school districts are exchanging high school and
postsecondary transcripts over the electronic net-
work, in lieu of paper documents . The state of
Florida has mandated that all 67 public school dis-
tricts and all 37 public postsecondary institutions
will exchange transcripts electronically using FIRN .
Florida is working toward a single entry/exit point
for interfacing with the SPEEDE/ExPRESS system .
The nine colleges of the Maricopa Community
College District in Phoenix, Arizona are now
exchanging academic records electronically with
Arizona State University in their own format. They
are in the process of converting to the
SPEEDE/ExPRESS format.
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Two of the campuses of the University of
Wisconsin have completed a prototype transmis-
sion using the SPEEDE/ExPRESS format, and the
University of Oklahoma has completed the pro-
gramming needed to send transcripts in the
SPEEDE/ExPRESS format .
The Los Angeles Unified School District has
sent migrant students' records to the Migrant
Student Records Transfer System offices in Little
Rock, Arkansas. LA Unified is working with the
California Department of Education to develop a
statewide system in the near future .
Although the delivery process for the
SPEEDE/ExPRESS Electronic Transcript System is
still in the pilot stages, much activity is underway
and many new uses of the format are being con-
sidered . A number of EDI vendors have
expressed interest in the SPEEDE/ExPRESS sys-
tem, and are working to make implementation
more feasible and timely.
ONG iNG AND
FUTURE ACTIVITIES
Network Selection .
Although many electronic means exist for
exchanging student records, there is a pressing
need to "hook up" users of the various networks so
that student records can be sent to all participants
throughout the U .S . and Canada. Guidelines for
the inclusion of and access to various networks are
currently being developed.
Participant List .
A central database of schools, school dis-
tricts, state education agencies, postsecondary
institutions and others participating in the project is
essential for operational and security purposes . It
will include a valid identifier for all entities, their
address on the network, a contact person, the
sending and receiving status, and the version of
the transaction set in use by the participant . Plans
call for the development of the "participant list" to
be available to participants on paper and "on-line" .
Coordination with ASC X12 .
As the system is more widely used, the need
for changes in the SPEEDE/ExPRESS format may
be identified . In addition, there is a need to moni-
tor and work with other groups developing formats
for transaction sets that relate to the
SPEEDE/ExPRESS Electronic Transcript System.
For instance, ASC X12 task groups have devel-
oped transaction sets for enrollment certifications
and for transmission of the application for financial
aid over electronic networks. One area being
explored is the electronic transmission of follow-up
data from postsecondary institutions back to the
high schools .
Continued Development.
An important role of the SPEEDE/ExPRESS
administrators is the marketing of the system .
Plans call for the provision of workshops to inter-
ested parties and for reaching out to potentially
interested schools, districts, state education agen-
cies, postsecondary institutions, business, and
others.
SPEEDE=xPR-SS