Speech acts
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Speech acts are language actions like asserting, questioning, requesting, ordering, and promising. Assertions simply convey information, while questions elicit information. Requests ask for something politely, orders demand action forcefully, and promises commit the speaker to a future action. Speech acts allow people to perform actions through language.
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Kevin's Spoken English aims to teach quality, easy, fun and effective Spoken English Classes for free online.
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The document defines and provides examples of clauses, phrases, and sentences. It explains that a clause contains both a subject and a verb, while a phrase does not. An independent clause conveys a complete thought on its own, while a subordinate clause does not. Examples are given of independent and subordinate clauses as well as phrases. Readers are then asked to identify groups of words as sentences, clauses, or phrases. The document concludes by explaining how subordinate clauses must be combined with independent clauses to form complete sentences.
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Speech acts
This document discusses speech acts, which are functional units of communication. It defines locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary aspects of speech acts. It also discusses research methods used to study speech acts, including role plays, discourse completion tasks, and interviews. Finally, it notes the importance of teaching speech acts to language learners and recommends techniques like modeling dialogues, role plays, and feedback.
Speech acts
This document discusses speech acts, which refer to communicative utterances within a context. There are three aspects of a speech act: the locution is the physical utterance, the illocution is the intended meaning, and the perlocution is the resulting action. Speech acts can be categorized into constatives like affirming, directives like ordering, and commissives like promising. The theory of speech acts analyzes the locutionary act of saying something, the illocutionary act of performing an intended function in saying it, and the potential perlocutionary effect on the listener.
Pragmatics (Speech Acts)
Pragmatics is the study of meaning in context and how language is used in communication. Speech act theory analyzes utterances as locutionary acts (the words spoken), illocutionary acts (the intention or force behind the words), and perlocutionary acts (the effect on the listener). There are five main speech act sets: representatives that assert facts, directives that command or request, commissives that commit the speaker to actions, expressives that convey attitudes, and declarations that bring about changes through uttering. Apologies typically involve expressing regret, taking responsibility, providing an explanation or offer to repair the situation, and promising non-recurrence. Cultural factors influence apology strategies used.
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Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Speech acts
- 2. The term speech act is used to describe language actions Asking questions Requesting Threatening INTRODUCTION
- 3. Assertion : Assertion is simply conveying information. For example “ Lecture is going to start.” COMMON SPEECH ACTS
- 4. Questioning is eliciting information For example “ Are you going to do this task or not?” QUESTION
- 5. Request is state of being asked for or demand in polite manner. For example “Would you like to give me your pen please?” REQUEST
- 6. Order is demanding action on forcefully. For example “Put this book on the table” ORDER
- 7. Promise is to commit the speaker to an action For example “ I will definitely go with you to the party” PROMISE
- 8. So the speech acts are used to do actions through words. CONCLUSION